Cancer knowledge and skills of interns in Australia and New Zealand in 2001: comparison with 1990, and between course types

Objective: To compare the cancer knowledge and skills of interns in 2001 who graduated from graduate medical program (GMP) courses with those from non-GMP courses, and to compare the cancer knowledge and skills of interns in 2001 with those who completed a similar survey in 1990. Design: Questionnaire survey of recently graduated interns in a random sample of Australian and New Zealand hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to allow direct comparison with the 1990 survey, and was guided by the Australian Cancer Society's Ideal Oncology Curriculum for Medical Schools. Results: 443 interns completed the survey (response rate, 62%; 42 were excluded, leaving 401 surveys for analysis: 118 from GMP courses and 283 from non-GMP courses). Interns from GMP courses felt more competent than those from non-GMP courses at discussing death (P= 0.02), breaking bad news (P= 0.04) and advising on smoking cessation (P= 0.02), but less competent at preparing a patient for a hazardous procedure (P= 0.02). Mote GMP interns would refer a breast cancer patient to a multidisciplinary clinic (83% versus 70%; P= 0.03). Knowledge about cancer risks and prognosis was significantly less in GMP interns, but GMP interns rated their clinical skills, such as taking a Pap smear, higher than non-GMP interns. The GMP and non-GMP groups did not differ in their exposure to cancer patients, but compared with 1990 interns recent graduates had less exposure to patients with cancer. Conclusions: GMP curricula appear to have successfully introduced new course material and new methods of teaching, but have not always succeeded in producing doctors with better knowledge about cancer. Recent graduates have less exposure to cancer patients than those who trained 10 years ago.

The subfamily Aephnidiogeninae Yamaguti, 1934 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), its status and that of the genera Aephnidiogenes Nicoll, 1915, Holorchis Stossich, 1901, Austroholorchis n g, Pseudaephnidiogenes Yamaguti, 1971, Pseudoholorchis Yamaguti, 1958 and N

The status of all of the putative member genera of the subfamily Aephnidiogeninae is reconsidered, based mainly on the morphology of the terminal genitalia, Aephnidiogenes Nicoll, 1915 is the only genus retained in the Aaephnidiogeninae. Aephnidiogenes major Yamaguti, 1934 from Diagramma labiosum from the southern Great Barrier Reef is redescribed with particular reference to the terminal genitalia, and is shown to lack a true cirrussac, a condition considered to be diagnostic of the Aephnidiogeninae. Holorchis Stossich, 1901 is placed in the subfamily Lepidapedinae. Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901 from Pagellus acarne from off Spanish Sahara and from Diplodus vulgaris from off Italy and H. legendrei Dollfus, 1946 from Sparodon durbanensis and D. sargus from off eastern Cape Province, South Africa and from Pagellus erythrinus from the Adriatic Sea and Italy are studied and illustrated. The terminal genitalia of H. pycnoporus are found to be enigmatic, but those of H. legendrei are found to fit clearly into the 'Lepidapedon-like' pattern. A new genus Austroholorchis is erected in the Lepidapedinae, with A. sprenti (Gibson, 1987) n. comb. as the type-species. Its diagnostic features are its ani, infundibuliform oral sucker and the position of the ovary at about mid-level of the uterus. A. sprenti is illustrated, its hosts in Queensland waters being Sillago maculata, S, analis and S. ciliata. A, levis n. sp. is described from Sillago bassensis from south-western Western Australia. The genus Pseudaephnidiogenes Yamaguti, 1971 is placed in the Lepidapedinae. P. rhabdosargi (Prudhoe, 1956) from Rhabdosargus sarba from off Natal, South Africa is illustrated and the terminal genitalia of P. rhabdosargi from R. sarba and from R. holubi from off eastern Cape Province and Pseudaephnidiogenes vossi Bray, 1985 from Caffrogobius nudiceps from off eastern Cape Province, South Africa are illustrated. The genus Pseudoholorchis Yamaguti, 1958 is placed in the subfamily Lepocreadiinae. The terminal genitalia of P. pulcher (Manter, 1954) from Latridopsis ciliaris from New Zealand are illustrated, The genus Neolepocreadium Thomas, 1960 is placed in the Lepocreadiidae.

Population versus clinical view of case fatality from acute coronary heart disease - Results from the WHO MONICA Project 1985-1990

Background The clinical view of case fatality (CF) from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in those reaching the hospital alive is different from the population view. Registration of both hospitalized AMI cases and out-of-hospital coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in the WHO MONICA Project allows both views to be reconciled. The WHO MONICA Project provides the largest data set worldwide to explore the relationship between CHD CF and age, sex, coronary event rate, and first versus recurrent event. Methods and Results All 79 669 events of definite AMI or possible coronary death, occurring from 1985 to 90 among 5 725 762 people, 35 to 64 years of age, in 29 MONICA populations are the basis for CF calculations. Age-adjusted CF (percentage of CHD events that were fatal) was calculated across populations, stratified for different time periods, and related to age, sex, and CHD event rate. Median 28-day population CF was 49% (range, 35% to 60%) in men and 51% (range, 34% to 70%) in women and was particularly higher in women than men in populations in which CHD event rates were low. Median 28-day CF for hospitalized events was much lower: in men 22% (range, 15% to 36%) and in women 27% (range, 19% to 46%). Among hospitalized events CF was twice as high for recurrent as for first events. Conclusions Overall 28-day CF is halved for hospitalized events compared with all events and again nearly halved for hospitalized 24-hour survivors. Because approximately two thirds of 28-day CHD deaths in men and women occurred before reaching the hospital, opportunities for reducing CF through improved care in the acute event are limited. Major emphasis should be on primary and secondary prevention.

AIDS along Brazil`s borders, 1990-2003

Objective. To study the AIDS epidemic in Brazil`s border areas, from the spatial and temporal perspective. Methods. This was an ecological study in which the cases of AIDS reported to the Ministry of Health of Brazil from 1990-2003 were grouped according to ""hunger areas"" as defined by Josue de Castro in the 1940s and according to 19 cultural subregions. Spatial assessment was based on incidence rates for border municipalities; temporal assessment considered the absolute number of cases occurring quarterly from 1990-2003 in each of the hunger areas studied (Extreme South, Midwest, and Amazon). Results. During the study period, 7 973 cases of AIDS were reported from the Brazilian border areas: 648 in the Amazon area, 1 579 in the Midwest, and 5 746 in the Extreme South (populations of 668 098, 895 489, and 2 769 361, respectively). The subregions with the highest AIDS incidence rates in each of the three border areas were those near triple-borders, between more than two Latin American countries. Sexual transmission was predominant, with heterosexual transmission being the most frequent, followed by transmission by male homosexuality. These two categories accounted for 87.2% of the cases reported. The estimates of the trend parameter in the temporal analysis were 0.53 (P < 0.0001), 0.83 (P < 0.0001), and 3.47 (P < 0.0001), respectively, for the Amazon, Midwest, and Extreme South areas. Conclusion. The improvement of health care services along Brazil`s borders may be a strategy for territorial integration and for dealing with the AIDS epidemic, as long as social, economic, and cultural differences are taken into account.

Postmaterialist and economic voting in Australia, 1990-98

Recent research in Australian sociology and political science has debated the extent to which postmaterialist values and economic self-interest shape voting in federal elections. Some researchers have argued that postmaterialist values have partly displaced materialist concerns with physical security and economic well-being in Australian public life. This displacement, coupled with the adoption by major political parties of postmaterialist 'quality of life' issues such as the environment, has meant that voting in Australia has come to be more dependent on postmaterialist values than on perceptions of economic interest. Other research, however, has found no relationship between postmaterialist values and voting behaviour, while economic evaluations remain a strong determinant of voting behaviour. Part of the disagreement reflects methodological differences in the research. But different methodological problems compromise each of the previous studies. In this paper we use data from the 1990, 1993, 1996 and 1998 Australian Election Studies to investigate postmaterialist and economic voting in the Commonwealth House of Representatives and the Senate. Using various statistical methods, we first explore bivariate relationships between key variables and then use multivariate models of postmaterialist and economic voting to adjudicate between the contending positions.

Productivity growth in pre-1990 Mongolian agriculture: Spiralling disaster or emerging success?

The reasons for the spectacular collapse of so many centrally-planned economies are a source of ongoing debate. In this paper, we use detailed farm-level data to measure total factor productivity (TFP) changes in Mongolian grain and potato farming during the 14-year period immediately preceding the 1990 economic reforms. We measure TFP growth using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods. Our results indicate quite poor overall performance, with an average annual TFP change of - 1.7% in grain and 0.8% in potatoes, over the 14-year period. However, the pattern of TFP growth changed substantially during this period, with TFP growth exceeding 7% per year in the latter half of this period. This suggests that the new policies of improved education, greater management autonomy, and improved incentives, which were introduced in final two planning periods in the 1980s, were beginning to have a significant influence upon the performance of Mongolian crop farming. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Lei n?? 8.140, de 28 de dezembro de 1990: altera a denomina????o da Funda????o Centro de Forma????o do Servidor P??blico - FUNCEP e d?? outras provid??ncias

A lei n?? 8.140, de 28 de dezembro de 1990 altera a denomina????o da Funda????o Centro de Forma????o do Servidor P??blico - FUNCEP e d?? outras provid??ncias.

A evolu????o do perfil da for??a de trabalho e das remunera????es nos setores p??blico e privado ao longo da d??cada de 1990

Este artigo buscar?? tra??ar um panorama da evolu????o do perfil da for??a de trabalho e dos sal??rios praticados no setor p??blico ao longo da d??cada de 1990, buscando compar??-la com o comportamento observado no setor privado, e sugerir medidas para a melhoria do sistema salarial. Na primeira se????o, ser?? apresentada uma compara????o entre os perfis da for??a de trabalho nos dois setores, enquanto na segunda ser?? analisada a evolu????o das remunera????es e desenvolvido um modelo geral de determina????o dos sal??rios, que possibilitar?? a an??lise dos diferenciais de remunera????o entre os trabalhadores com caracter??sticas pessoais semelhantes nos dois setores. A terceira se????o se ocupar?? da discuss??o em torno das distor????es que ainda persistem no sistema salarial no setor p??blico federal, apesar do processo de aprimoramento pelo qual passou nos ??ltimos anos, e apresentar?? algumas sugest??es para suprimi-las.

Memórias sociais de juventude entre quilombolas do norte do Espírito Santo

Buscando um conjunto etário que tivesse vivido sua juventude entre as populações remanescentes de quilombos do norte do Estado do Espírito Santo e ainda na presença da Mata Atlântica, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar as memórias sociais de juventude nessas comunidades, relacionando as representações desse passado compartilhado às mudanças ambientais e sociais que recentemente impactaram a sua região. Foram entrevistadas 11 pessoas, homens e mulheres, com idade entre 40 e 61 anos. Os dados, trabalhados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo, demonstraram um hiato na relação dos participantes com as gerações mais novas que não havia sido experimentado com relação aos seus ascendentes; bem como as implicações dessa transformação socioambiental que, ao atuar em estruturas arcaicas de constituição territorial e temporal das comunidades, funcionou como agente primordial tanto do distanciamento entre as gerações quanto da seleção das formas mnêmicas mais relevantes.

As tecnologias de reprodução assistida e as representações sociais de filho biológico

Foram investigadas as representações sociais de filho biológico em casais que se submeteram às tecnologias reprodutivas. Nossos objetivos foram analisar a trajetória de vida do casal a partir do momento em que foi constatada a infertilidade e identificar as representações sociais de filho biológico. Cinco casais da Grande Vitória, ES foram entrevistados e nenhum deles havia obtido êxito com relação à gravidez após o tratamento. As entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas individualmente. O roteiro seguiu o mesmo padrão para ambos os cônjuges, incluindo itens sobre a constatação da infertilidade, o tratamento realizado, o significado da maternidade, paternidade, casamento e filho biológico. A análise dos resultados apontou para um fortalecimento do vínculo no casamento após o diagnóstico de infertilidade e evidenciou a importância que os casais atribuem ao filho biológico. Os elementos de representações sociais que apareceram fortemente foram: "sangue do meu sangue", descendência, semelhança física e pressão social.

Ética calvinista, idealismo e revolução : Carlyle e a crítica da economia vitoriana

O artigo versa sobre a doutrina econômica e social de Thomas Carlyle, célebre autor escocês do século dezenove. Inicialmente, são revistos alguns aspectos essenciais da sociedade e do capitalismo industrial na Inglaterra durante o período. Resgatam-se, a seguir, as influências religiosas e filosóficas do pensamento social de Carlyle. Após, discutem-se sua concepção da história e a versão da Revolução Francesa por ele formulada para, na seqüência, introduzir sua crítica da economia vitoriana. Ao final, avaliam-se os avanços e contradições de sua teoria social.

Crítica da razão excludente : desvelando novas racionalidades a partir das pesquisas em educação especial numa perspectiva inclusiva

O objetivo desta tese é produzir uma reflexão hermenêutica e fenomenológica acerca dos saberes e fazeres que vêm sido produzidos a partir de pesquisas que tratam da inclusão de alunos com necessidades especiais nas escolas de ensino regular. Buscou-se uma pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica que debruçou-se na produção de conhecimento relativa a dissertações e teses que foram produzidas no PPGE-UFES entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 que buscaram analisar os saberes-fazeres inclusivos que vêm se constituindo a partir da inserção de alunos com necessidades especiais nos espaços-tempos das escolas comuns. Procurou-se num primeiro momento traçar o estado da arte de tais trabalhos de pesquisa para, posteriormente, compreendê-los numa dimensão filosófica. Como resultado concluiu-se que estas pesquisas apontam movimentos profundamente ambíguos e paradoxais, revelando uma profunda crise de um modelo de racionalidade excludente que encontra-se enraizado em nossa cultura e no cotidiano das escolas. Frente a esse quadro, procura-se compreender, a partir das pistas e rastros deixados pelas dissertações e teses pesquisadas, como vêm se configurando outras formas de racionalidades que instauram novas formas de ensinar-aprender conjugadas aos diferentes modos de ser-sentir-conhecer o mundo.