1000 resultados para ARQUETIPO (PSICOLOGÍA)


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Schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies indicate that relatives of patients with schizophrenia are more likely to present characteristics of schizotypal personality than the general population. Few transcultural studies of schizotypy have been carried out. Most instruments constructed to measure schizotypy have been applied in specific cultures; conceivably, in other populations its components may be distributed in different ways. These cultural differences may affect the relations between schizotypy and schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to obtain data on schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia and relatives of patients with other disorders in a Latin American rural population. The results suggest that cultural factors must be taken into account in order to establish the relationship between schizotypy and schizophrenia.

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Perception of social support and functioning of patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and its relationship to quality of life are described. Forty-five patients and their 45 relatives, treated at the Mental Health Services in Arica, Chile, participated. Both patients and caregivers in the study have a poor perception of social support with regard to extra-family people, as well as a low social integration. However, patients showed adequate capacity to function within their immediate family. Unlike what was found in developed countries, these patients showed moderate levels of quality of life, with a strong relationship with perceptions of the social support they receive from family and significant others and the ability to establish and maintain social contacts. Quality of life of primary caregivers is linked to patients´ ability to establish and maintain social contacts within the family group, as in other social instances, such as keeping a job. The results of the study suggest the need to consider the design and application of programs of support for these patients and their caregivers, with the central aim of the social functioning of the above-mentioned patients and their familiar and community integration.

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Aquest treball tracta sobre l’evolució de la Psicologia en els centres penitenciaris. En el desenvolupament del treball es començarà amb una breu introducció del marc legislatiu que emmarca aquest àmbit per veure quines reformes legislatives s’han donat. A continuació, s’exposaran les funcions que exerceix un psicòleg penitenciari, els instruments i les tècniques més utilitzades, l’itinerari personal que segueixen els interns i quins programes de tractament existeixen en l’actualitat. Seguidament, s’exposarà la part més pràctica que consta de la realització de dues entrevistes [Centre Penitenciari d’Homes de Barcelona (La Model) i Centre Penitenciari Brians 2 de Sant Esteve Sesrovires]. Es finalitzarà amb unes conclusions integrant la teoria i la part pràctica del treball.

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This study explored ethnic identity among 662 students (326 mestizos and 336 indigenous) from the Intercultural University of Chiapas (IUCh). Scholars suggest that ethnicity is more salient for ethnic minority adolescents than for adolescents who are members of the ethnic majority. The aims for this study were: 1) to determine the structure and validity of ethnic identity as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure in a sample of majority and minority ethnic groups from Intercultural University in Chiapas, and 2) to examine the variability of ethnic identity across ethnic groups. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure would show two factors, and that ethnic groups would differ on ethnic identity. The results supported the hypotheses

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Introducción: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y métodos:. El estudio se realizó en las facultades de Ciencias Económicas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Químicas y Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se empleó un diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estreñimiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el más extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor número, seguidos de los de Ciencias Económicas; los que presentan un menor número son los de Farmacia y Químicas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor número de TMS, siendo los que presentan más cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.

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Introducción: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y métodos:. El estudio se realizó en las facultades de Ciencias Económicas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Químicas y Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se empleó un diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estreñimiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el más extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor número, seguidos de los de Ciencias Económicas; los que presentan un menor número son los de Farmacia y Químicas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor número de TMS, siendo los que presentan más cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.

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La adquisición de Habilidades Terapéuticas (HHTT) es esencial en la formaciónde los psicólogos clínicos y de otros profesionales de la salud (Bados y García,2011; Cunico, Sartori, Marongnolli y Meneghini, 2012). Consideramos que unabuena manera de adquirir y potenciar habilidades clínicas es a través de lapráctica dirigida en situaciones reales de aspectos personalmente significativos;es decir, lo que podríamos denominar “APRENDIZAJE EXPERIENCIAL”.Así, en lugar de practicar la Escucha activa o la Empatía con alguien que“simula” ser un paciente con depresión o que ha experimentado una experienciatraumática, pensamos que es mejor trabajar con las propias experiencias vitales.Es decir, realizando ejercicios dirigidos a mejorar la capacidad para escucharactivamente o entender a personas significativas (padres, hermanos, parejas,amigos, etc.) con las que se tienen dificultades reales de relación.En el ámbito universitario son escasas las experiencias didácticas de éste tipo(Saldaña, Bados, García-Grau, Balaguer y Fusté, 2009), por lo que apenas existen estudios que evalúen su eficacia.

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The ability to recognize mental states in oneself and others, or the theory of mind, has been a widely studied topic in last years. Traditionally, these studies have focused on the understanding of false belief, one of the most important milestones in its development. Studies conducted with children with language difficulties suggest that they have a delay in false belief acquisition. On the other hand, numerous studies have established a relationship between the understanding of false belief and language skills. In particular, it has been suggested that training based in labelling objects with double perspective facilitates the understanding of false belief. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of the structuration level of labelling training in a group of children with difficulties in language development. A total of 14 children, aged between 58 and 107 months, were trained in 3 sessions, and a pre-test and a post-test were administered to evaluate the effects of the training. The results confirm a delay in false belief understanding in children with developmental language difficulties, and suggest that the structured labelling training is effective to improve this understanding

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In the past years a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the development of theory of mind (ToM) reporting that language and ToM performance are correlated. However it is less clear what aspect of language is related with ToM development. Some studies show a greater influence of semantics aspects, whereas others suggest that sentential complement sentences, a specific aspect of syntax, are crucial for false belief understanding (FB). Yet others argue that pragmatic abilities correlate with FB understanding. The aim of this study is investigate, on the one side, the development of ToM between the ages of 6 and 8 and on the other side, the relationship between some aspects of language and the ToM improvement. Several ToM tasks were administrated to evaluate children’s performance at two different ages (60 participants aged 6 and 8 years) and four tasks to assess language abilities. The results show a significant increase in the understanding of the mind between the ages of 6 and 8. Furthermore, results reveal a significant relationship between syntax and tasks that require FB understanding, while pragmatics is more strongly associated with tasks that involve more complex socio-cognitive understandings

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Peer-reviewed

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Catalan has drawn considerable attention given its impressive institutional support and increased usage since the restoration of the Generalitat of Catalonia. We report a study on 112 Catalan-speaking students who were administered the"subjective vitality questionnaire". Results show (and these are compared with reports 20 years ago) that it continues to gain momentum and status, even with the International stature of Spanish. The theoretical and pragmatic significance of these findings are discussed in terms of vitality"s role in shaping Language choices (Catalan vs. Castilian) in everyday communication as well as the societal level in forging Language policies for communicating in Catalan in business, political, educational, and media arenas

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La metodología ABP respeta la tendencia innata al crecimiento y la autorrealización defendida desde la psicología humanista, y permite crear el contexto de desarrollo idóneo para satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas básicas propuestas desde la teoría de la autodeterminación. Por su contribución al desarrollo de las competencias personales y sociales, está indicada tanto para universitarios como para alumnado de niveles preuniversitarios

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Reflective competence is considered one of the key competencies of students‟ education in all teaching levels and in the daily practice of professionals. A lack of conceptual clarity can lead to critical difficulties for teachers when designing activities that promote reflective skills and also to confusion on the part of the students who have to put them into practice. A short introduction to the scientific study of reflective activity which tries to set the stage of the investigation as well as an innovative experience within the framework of the first year of the Degree in Psychology Studies are presented here. This study presents the work on the reflective skills through a reflective portfolio. Five hierarchical levels of reflection are specified as a guide for the making of the portfolio for the students, and as a support for the mentoring and assessment tasks of teachers. As a conclusion, a three-step model for the training of „reflective beginners‟ is outlined

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Article 2 de la sèrie Tastets d'economia, adreçada al target: principiants, estudiants de batxillerat i de cicles formatius, de l'àrea de les ciències socials.

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Se presenta la versión revisada y actualizada por los autores del protocolo de intervención psicosocial de la Asociación de Expertos en Psicosociología Aplicada - AEPA, correspondiente al trabajo efectuado entre los años 2008 y 2009.