Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cadusafos and diazinon to three Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings

Fingerlings of three Indian major carps, viz. Catla catla (Hamilton-Buchanon), Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanon) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton-Buchanon), were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (lorsban 10 G), cadusafos (rugby 10 G) and diazinon (basudin 10 G) for a period of 96h with a view to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC sub50) values for each of chemicals. Of the tested concentrations, chlorpyrifos at a dose of 6.65 ppm, cadusafos at 2.0 ppm and diazinon at a dose of 8.40 ppm or above induced 100% mortalities within 96h of exposure. The 96h LC sub50 values of chlorpyrefos, cadusafos and diazinon were 1.66, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. catla, 2.35, 0.72 and 2.97 for L. rohita and 2.35, 0.72 and 2.10 ppm for C. mrigala, respectively. Pesticide induced behavioral abnormalities observed in the present study included erratic movements, rapid operculum activities, jumping of fish out of the test media, violent spasm and convulsion.

Preliminary observations on the effect of electrical seine on fish catch

Forty-six experiments were done with the electric seine in 24 tanks with a.c. and interrupted a.c. The source of electrical energy was a 3 Kw a.c. generator of water-cooled diesel engine. A control seining without applying electricity was conducted for every experiment with electric "seine" to have a comparison for the efficiency of electric "seine" over control ones. Electric seine was found to have an increased catch over control seining both in numbers and in weight. Electric seine with two electrodes was found to have better effect over three electrodes. Benthic fishes like Cirrhina mrigala, Notopterus notopterus, Cyprinus carpio, Glassogobius giuris, Ophicephalus sp. and Mystus sp. were found to be more sensitive in electric "seine". Increased catch of small fishes like C. mrigala, N, notopterus and Ophicephalus sp. has been observed in electrical "seine" in addition to larger ones.

食蟹猴和熊猴杂种F_1的细胞遗传学研究

本工作采用染色体显带、睾丸组织学切片以及低渗铺张──硝酸银染色等方法较为详细地研究了食蟹猴和（Ｍ．ｆａｓｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ）和熊猴（Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ）种间杂种Ｆ_１体细胞染色体的Ｇ带、Ｃ带，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ、精母细胞联会复合体的结构、形态和行为以及精子发生。结果表明：（１）杂种亲本的染色体组具有高度的同源性；（２）杂种的精子发生过程完全正常；（３）食蟹猴和熊猴的种间生殖屏障可能主要是生态隔离。此外，本文还对食蟹猴和熊猴分类地位以及杂种细胞中Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ的异态性等问题进行了分析和讨论。

无指盘臭蛙抑生肽、其基因和变异体及其在制药中的应用

本发明涉及无指盘臭蛙抑生肽、其基因和变异体及其在制药中的应用，属生物医学技术领域。无指盘臭蛙抑生肽是一种多肽，分子量2080.64道尔顿，等电点9.39，具有病原微生物抑制活性。无指盘臭蛙抑生肽全序列为：NH2-GIFGKILGVGKKVLCGLSGMC-COOH。编码的基因由304个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟部分的为第136-198位核苷酸。改变无指盘臭蛙抑生肽原始序列中一个或几个氨基酸所产生的变异体，人工合成的无指盘臭蛙抑生肽及其变异体具有强烈的病原微生物抑制活性，以及肿瘤抑制活性。而变异体在这些抑制作用中表现出经改良的特性。无指盘臭蛙抑生肽及其变异体作为制备治疗肿瘤和病原微生物感染疾病的治疗药物的应用。并且还具有序列简单、合成方便活性强等优点。

线粒体DNA 3243、3316 点突变与2 型糖尿病

　目的　研究2 型糖尿病患者中线粒体tRNAL eu (UUR) 基因3243AöG 突变和NADH 脱氢酶亚 单位1 基因( ND1 ) 基因3316GöA 突变的发生频率及其与2 型糖尿病的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反 应及限制性片段长度多态性技术检测225 例中国云南2 型糖尿病患者和195 名无糖尿病家族史的健康对 照者有无3243AöG 突变和3316GöA 突变, 并经DNA 直接测序确证。结果　2 型糖尿病患者中3316GöA 突变者5 例(2. 22% ) , 195 例对照者中突变者2 例(1. 03% ) , 突变发生率在两组间差异无统计学意义(P = 0. 4576) ; 两组中无线粒体3243AöG 突变。结论　线粒体tRNAL eu (UUR) 基因3243AöG 突变在中国云南2 型 糖尿病人群中发生频率低, 可能不是云南人群中2 型糖尿病的常见病因。线粒体ND1 基因3316GöA 突变 可能仅为人群中线粒体基因组的正常多态。其他的遗传、环境及子宫内因素需要进一步研究。

Influence of muscle fats on the quality of intermediate moisture fish

Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus with 12.95% fat having an iodine value of 74.8 and a saponification number of 198.48 and Citharinus citherus containing only 3.25% fat with iodine value of 67.8 and a saponification number of 145.86 were studied as examples of fatty and lean fishes respectively. The intermediate moisture (IM) products of both fish types compared with normal cooked samples, were evaluated as of acceptable colour, odour, texure and juiciness but of inferior taste due to the glycerol impact. However, during storage at 30°C the IM products became increasingly less acceptable with the deterioration being greater in the fatty fish than in the lean fish, although the fatty IM fish was superior to the IM lean fish with regard to water retention and juiciness. Overall quality differences were most apparent in colour and odour with the fatty IM fish being worse. The fatty fish had also greater evolution of TEA-reactive carbonyl breakdown products of lipid oxidation which were subsequently used up in non-enzymic browning producing the correspondingly darker fish colour and greater off odour.

Polymerase chain reaction based C4AQ0 and C4BQ0 genotyping: association with systemic lupus erythematosus in southwest Han Chinese

Objective: To investigate the association of complement C4 null genes (C4QO, including C4AQO and C4BQO) and C2 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in southwest Han Chinese; 136 patients with SLE and 174 matched controls were genotyped. Methods: C4 null genes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The 2 bp insertion in exon 29, which was previously identified in non-Chinese populations and caused defective C4A genes, was directly typed by sequencing the whole exon 29 using exon specific primers. The exon 6 of complement C2 was also sequenced in both the patients and controls. Results: The frequency of homozygous C4AQO allele was 12.5% (17/136) in patients with SLE compared with 1.1% (2/174) in controls (p<0.001, odds ratio (OR)=12.286, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.786 to 54.170). There was no significant difference for homozygous C4BQO allele between patients with SLE and controls (p=0.699). Patients with the C4AQO gene had an increased risk of acquiring renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared with those without C4AQO (for renal disorder, p=0.018, OR=8.951, 95% Cl 1.132 to 70.804; for serositis, p=0.011, OR 4.891, 95% CI 1.574 to 15.198; for anti-dsDNA, p=0.004, OR 7.630, 95%Cl 1.636 to 35.584). None of the patients or controls had the 2 bp insertion in exon 29 of the C4 gene. The type I C2 deficiency was not detected in the 3 10 samples. Conclusion: It is suggested that deficiency of C4A (not due to a 2 bp insertion in exon 29), but not C4B or C2, may be a risk factor for acquiring SLE in south west Han Chinese; this results in increased risk of renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with SLE. Racial differences seem to be relevant in susceptibility to SLE.

Morphometric measurements as an index for estimating yield of meat of shell fishes, 1. Crab (Scylla serrata) Forskal

Sixty one observations on length-breadth and whole weight-meat weight relations of India crab (Scylla serrata) were made. From the length of crab (cm) the whole weight (gm) can be computed by the equation: log W=-0.1708+2.3341 log L. Similarly for any given length (cm) the meat weight (gm) can be found by the relation, log w=-1.5745+3.0148 log L.

一种改进的动物线粒体DNA提取方法

线粒体 DNA (mtDNA)已被广泛用于动物群体遗传学和进化生物学的研究, 并取得了许多有意义的结果. 有效的 mtDNA 提取方法无疑是开展这方面研究的前提. 关于动物 mtDNA 的提取方法, 国内外已有不少报导. 概括起来, 可分为: 1)氯化铯超速离心法, 2)柱层析法, 3)DNase法, 4)碱变性法. 该文报道了一种改进的碱变性提取法, 与其它方法相比, 具有应用范围广、简便、经济等优点。

The Anti-HIV Actions of 7-and 10-Substituted Camptothecins

Camptothecin (CPT), a traditional anti-tumor drug, has been shown to possess anti-HIV-1 activity. To increase the antiviral potency, the anti-HIV activities of two CPT derivatives, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT, were evaluated in vitro. The therapy index (TI) of CPT, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT against HIV-1(IIIB) in C8166 were 24.2, 4.2 and 198.1, and against clinical isolated strain HIV-1(KM018) in PBMC were 10.3, 3.5 and 66.0, respectively. While the TI of CPT, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT against HIV-2(CBL-20) were 34.5, 10.7 and 317.0, respectively, and the TI of the three compounds against HIV-2(ROD) showed the similar values. However, when the antiviral mechanisms were considered, we found there was no inhibition of 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT on viral cell-to-cell transmission, and was no inhibition on reverse transcriptase, protease or integrase in cell-free systems. 7-Hydroxymethyl-CPT showed no selective killing of chronically infected cells after 3 days of incubation. In conclusion, 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT showed more potent anti-HIV activity, while 10-hydroxy-CPT had less efficient activity, compared with the parent CPT. Though the antiviral mechanisms remain to be further elucidated; the modification of -OH residues at C-7 of CPT could enhance the antiviral activity, while of -OH residues at C-10 of CPT had decreased the antiviral activity, which provides the preliminary modification strategy for anti-viral activities enhancement of this compound.

广西云南鳅属鱼类一新种——靖西云南鳅

2008年5月,在广西壮族自治区靖两县禄洞村珠江水系采集到一批条鳅标本.经鉴定,为云南鳅属(Yunnanilus)-新种.新种靖西云南鳅(Yunnanilus jinxiensis)属于侧纹云南鳅种组(Yunnanilus pleurotaenis group).但新种全身除胸腹部外被有鳞片;侧线较长,具有15-20个侧线管孔;背鳍分枝鳍条8;胸鳍分枝鳍条13-14;鳔两室,后室发达;尾鳍凹形;体长为体高的3.9-_4.6倍,为头长的4.1-4.4倍,为尾柄高的7.5-9.0倍;头长为眼径的5.5-6.7倍,为眼间距的2.2-2.4倍等特征,可将新种与该种组内的其他种类相区分.

一篇探索真核细胞核起源的力作——读李靖炎先生的长篇近作“The primitive nucleus model and the origin of the cell nucleus”

《胞内共生与细胞研究》( 《Endocytobiosis and Cell Research》)是由国际胞内共生学会(International Society of Endocytobiology, ISE)主办的期刊, 它主要发表有关内共生物(endosy mbioses)和真核细胞的起源、发展、分化、进化和系统发育的研究论文. 在胞内共生和真核细胞的起源进化研究领域享有声誉. 去年该杂志发表了我国学者李靖炎先生的长篇论著“The primitive nucleus model and the origin of the cell nucleus(原始细胞核的模型与细胞核的起源)”(见1999, 13(1-3):1-86). 国外一家 SCI 收录的专业性刊物为中国学者发表一篇长达86页的 Review, 实不多见, 是我国学者在此领域的殊荣。