Genome-wide analysis of restriction-modification system in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of gram-negative bacteria with strong genome size variation ranging from 1.6 to 9.1 Mb. Here, we first retrieved all the putative restriction-modification (RM) genes in the draft genome of Spirulina and then performed a range of comparative and bioinformatic analyses on RM genes from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacterial genomes. We have identified 6 gene clusters containing putative Type I RMs and 11 putative Type II RMs or the solitary methyltransferases (MTases). RT-PCR analysis reveals that 6 of 18 MTases are not expressed in Spirulina, whereas one hsdM gene, with a mutated cognate hsdS, was detected to be expressed. Our results indicate that the number of RM genes in filamentous cyanobacteria is significantly higher than in unicellular species, and this expansion of RM systems in filamentous cyanobacteria may be related to their wide range of ecological tolerance. Furthermore, a coevolutionary pattern is found between hsdM and hsdR, with a large number of site pairs positively or negatively correlated, indicating the functional importance of these pairing interactions between their tertiary structures. No evidence for positive selection is found for the majority of RMs, e. g., hsdM, hsdS, hsdR, and Type II restriction endonuclease gene families, while a group of MTases exhibit a remarkable signature of adaptive evolution. Sites and genes identified here to have been under positive selection would provide targets for further research on their structural and functional evaluations.

Genome-wide analysis of restriction-modification system in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of gram-negative bacteria with strong genome size variation ranging from 1.6 to 9.1 Mb. Here, we first retrieved all the putative restriction-modification (RM) genes in the draft genome of Spirulina and then performed a range of comparative and bioinformatic analyses on RM genes from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacterial genomes. We have identified 6 gene clusters containing putative Type I RMs and 11 putative Type II RMs or the solitary methyltransferases (MTases). RT-PCR analysis reveals that 6 of 18 MTases are not expressed in Spirulina, whereas one hsdM gene, with a mutated cognate hsdS, was detected to be expressed. Our results indicate that the number of RM genes in filamentous cyanobacteria is significantly higher than in unicellular species, and this expansion of RM systems in filamentous cyanobacteria may be related to their wide range of ecological tolerance. Furthermore, a coevolutionary pattern is found between hsdM and hsdR, with a large number of site pairs positively or negatively correlated, indicating the functional importance of these pairing interactions between their tertiary structures. No evidence for positive selection is found for the majority of RMs, e. g., hsdM, hsdS, hsdR, and Type II restriction endonuclease gene families, while a group of MTases exhibit a remarkable signature of adaptive evolution. Sites and genes identified here to have been under positive selection would provide targets for further research on their structural and functional evaluations.

A new rearranged chamigrane sesquiterpene from Laurencia okamurai

A new rearranged chamigrane sesquiterpene, named laurenokamurin, was isolated from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. (C) 2008 Bin Gui Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic studies on two strains of Antarctic ice algae based on morphological and molecular characteristics

The taxonomic characterization of two strains of Antarctic ice algae, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L and Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-W, were analyzed on the basis of morphological and molecular traits. The results indicate that they are the same species and belong to Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta). According to I SS rDNA and ITS-I sequences they are very close relatives of Chlamydomonas sp. Antarctic 2E9, if not identified as such. They belong to the 'monadina clade', Cd. monadina and Cm. subdivisa as the sister group, on the basis of 18S rDNA sequence. They occur in 'Chlamydomonas clade' according to rbcL sequencing and are close relatives of Cd. kuwadae. The ITS sequences of ICE-L and ICE-W are 1302 base pairs and 1300 base pairs in length, the longest Volvocales ITS sequences ever reported.

Cultivation of the brown alga Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura: controlled fertilization and early development of seedlings in raceway tanks in ambient light and temperature

Commercial cultivation of the dioecious brown macroalga Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura in East Asia depends on the supply of young seedlings from regenerated holdfasts or from wild population. Recent development of synchronized release of male and female gametes in tumble culture provides a possibility of mass production of young seedlings via sexual reproduction. In this paper, we demonstrate that controlled fertilization can be efficiently realized in ambient light and temperature in a specially designed raceway tank in which the sperm-containing water has been recirculated. The effective fertilization time of eggs by sperm was found to be within six hours. Fast growth and development of the young seedlings relied on the presence of water currents. Velocity tests demonstrated that young seedlings of 2-3 mm in length could withstand a water current of 190 cm s(-1) stop without detachment. Culture experiments at 24 h postfertilization showed that elongation of both the seedlings and their rhizoids were not hampered by high irradiance up to 600 mu mol photons m(-2) stop s(-1) stop. However, growth was slightly retarded if cultured at a temperature of 16 degrees C compared to other culture temperatures of 22, 25 and 29 degrees C. No seedling detachment was observed after transfer of the young seedlings to raft cultivation in the sea after one and 1.5 months post-fertilization, indicating the feasibility of obtaining large quantity of seedlings in such a system.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the mantid shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Stomatopoda): Novel non-coding regions features and phylogenetic implications of the Stomatopoda

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Stomatopoda) was determined; a circular molecule of 15,783 bp in length. The gene content and arrangement are consistent with the pancrustacean ground pattern. The mt control region of O. oratoria is characterized by no GA-block near the 3' end and different position of [TA(A)]n-blocks compared with other reported Stomatopoda species. The sequence of the second hairpin structure is relative conserved which suggests this region may be a synapomorphic character for the Stomatopoda. In addition, a relative large intergenic spacer (101 bp) with higher A + T content than that in control region was identified between the tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Phe) genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the current dataset of complete mt genomes strongly support the Stomatopoda is closely related to Euphausiacea. They in turn cluster with Penaeoidea and Caridea clades while other decapods form a separate group, which rejects the monophyly of Decapoda. This challenges the suitability of Stomatopoda as an outgroup of Decapoda in phylogenetic analyses. The basal position of Stomatopoda within Eumalacostraca according to the morphological characters is also questioned. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sedimentation rates and provenance analysis in the Southwestern Okinawa Trough since the mid-Holocene

As a high-sedimentation rate depocenter along the path of the Kuroshio Current, the southwesternmost part of the Okinawa Trough is a key area to understand the Kuroshio history and sediments transportation. A 34.17-m-long sediment core was obtained by the advanced piston corer of Marco Polo/IMAGES XII MARION DUFRESNE during the May 2005 from the Southern Okinawa Trough at site MD05-2908. The recovered sediments were analyzed by AMS C-14 dating, coarse size fraction (> 63 mu m) extraction and moisture content determination in order to study its sedimentation flux and provenance. The depth-age relationship of core MD05-2908 was well constrained by 17 C-14 dating points. The sediments span across the mid-Holocene (6.8 ka B.P.) and have remarkablely high sedimentation rates between 1.8 and 21-2 m/ka, which is well consistent with the modern observations from sediment traps. We identified five 70-200 a periods of abnormally rapid sedimentation events at 6790-6600 a B.P., 5690-5600 a B.P., 4820-4720 a B.P., 1090-880 a B.P., and 260-190 a B.P., during which the highest sedimentation rate is up to 21-2 m/ka. In general, the lithology of the sediments were dominated by silt and clay, associated with less than 5% coarse size fraction (a parts per thousand << 63 mu m). As the most significant sediment source, the Lanyang River in northeastern Taiwan annually deliver about 10Mt materials to the coastal and offshore region of northeast Taiwan, a portion of which could be carried northward by currents toward the study area. Therefore, we concluded that the 5 abnormally rapid sedimentation events may be related to intensified rainfall in Taiwan and thus increased materials to our study area at that time. However, a few extreme-rapid sedimentation events cannot be explained by normal river runoff alone. The large earthquakes or typhoons induced hyperpycnal discharge of fluvial sediment to the ocean may also act as a potential source supply to the Okinawa Trough.

热带西太平洋边缘晚第四纪以来的古环境研究

利用取自热带太平洋边缘的5个柱状岩芯Ph05-5、WP3、MD2908、Z14-6和WP7，通过对其微体古生物和生物地球化学成分的分析，结合浮游有孔虫氧、碳同位素数据、AMS14C测年结果和已有的研究资料，分别研究了热带西太平洋边缘晚第四纪以来的钙质超微化石群落特征、碳酸盐旋回、超微化石氧碳同位素特征、古生产力和上层海水结构演化以及高分辨率东亚夏季风指标，并探讨了碳酸盐旋回、古生产力和上层海水结构演化、全新世东亚夏季风强弱变化的控制机制，以及钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda的相对百分含量变化在热带太平洋边缘的古环境指示意义及不同环境条件下的控制机制。 西菲律宾海Ph05-5岩芯和台湾东南部WP3岩芯中CaCO3和钙质超微化石碳酸盐溶解指数、初级生产力指标的变化显示约190 kyr BP以来CaCO3含量整体上都表现为冰期高、间冰期低的“太平洋型”旋回特征，但菲律宾以东海区在末次冰期（MIS 4~2期）内部又显示出间冰段含量高、冰段含量低的“大西洋型”旋回特征。碳酸盐旋回的主要控制因素在菲律宾以东海区是碳酸盐溶解作用，而台湾东南海区则是初级生产力变化引起的钙质生物输入量的波动。 西菲律宾海Ph05-5岩芯中190 kyr BP以来的钙质超微化石δ18O值在末次间冰期（MIS 5e）和全新世明显低于末次冰期（MIS 5d~2）和倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）。超微化石δ18O值与浮游和底栖有孔虫δ18O值都呈明显的正相关关系，但是超微化石的δ18O平均值重于表层浮游有孔虫Globigeriniodes rubber，轻于中层Neogloboquadrina dutertrei。超微化石δ13C值变化与其绝对丰度变化表明西菲律宾海区大约在MIS 6和MIS 5e期，表层海水初级生产力相当稳定且显著低于其它各时期；约从MIS 5d期开始表层初级生产力显著上升，并一直持续到末次冰期；在MIS1、2期，表层初级生产力有所下降，但仍高于MIS 6和MIS 5e期。 Ph05-5岩芯中钙质超微化石下透光带属种F. profunda相对百分含量和浮游有孔虫转换函数的温跃层深度变化表明西太平洋暖池北缘约190 kyr BP 以来，营养跃层和温跃层冰期（MIS 6期和5d~2期）浅，间冰期（MIS5e）和全新世深，MIS5e期是最近两个冰期旋回中营养跃层和温跃层深度最深的时期。F. profunda百分含量初级生产力转换方程计算结果和与钙质超微化石绝对丰度的变化显示冰期初级生产力高，间冰期和全新世初级生产力低， MIS5e期初级生产力最低。此外，Δδ13C C. wullerstorf-coccolith和Δδ13C C. wullerstorf-N. dutertrei差值的变化也说明190 kyr BP以来冰期表层输出生产力高于间冰期，其中最为突出的特征也是MIS5e期为生产力输出的最低值期。上层海水结构和生产力的上述变化特征与现代La Niňa事件爆发时的海洋环境相当类似，该海区MIS5e期可能是La Niňa事件频繁爆发的一段时期，可以与现代La Niňa现象类比。同时，根据Wyrtki提出的信风张弛理论推测MIS5e期，由于La Niňa事件的频繁爆发黑潮主流应该是增强的。 热带西太平洋暖池核心区WP7岩芯中250 kyr BP以来的初级生产力在间冰期明显低于冰期，间冰期生产力相对稳定，冰期(MIS6，4和2)生产力升降幅度较大；冰期向间冰期过渡的冰消期内生产力的降低是相对缓慢的，而间冰期向冰期过渡时生产力的增加是迅速的。初级生产力指标的交叉频谱分析显示出偏心率、斜率、岁差（半岁差）、30kyr和50kyr周期。说明暖池区晚第四纪以来古生产力变动除了受全球冰量变动控制以外，低纬区的岁差驱动也是主要控制因子。约250 kyr BP以来古生产力的变化与Vostok冰心的CO2记录在30kyr周期上高度相关，低CO2值与高生产力相对应，印证了大洋初级生产力在全球碳循环中扮演了重要的“吸收者”的角色，30kyr周期是赤道太平洋地区生物生产力ENSO式变化特征的体现，这也证明了低纬地区生物泵在控制大气CO2浓度方面的重要作用。另外，在岁差周期段，底栖有孔虫U+B含量和N. dutertrei δ13C代表的生产力变动领先于有孔虫δ18O代表的冰体积变化约2.6~7kyr（0.5kyr,2.6 kyr,4.2 kyr, 7kyr），表明在千年时间尺度上日射是该区生产力变化的直接驱动力，两极冰体积变化（δ18O）没有明显的影响低纬气候波动。 对热带西太平洋边缘海区WP7、Ph05-5、WP3和Z14-6四个岩芯中晚第四纪以来超微化石下透光带属种F. profunda相对百分含量变化进行横向对比研究表明，F. profunda百分含量分布并非简单受水深控制，而是由海水上层复杂的生态因素所决定；F. profunda相对百分含量变化曲线与浮游有孔虫N. dutertrei氧同位素曲线呈不同程度的相关性，N. dutertrei 氧同位素越轻，对应的F. profunda相对百分含量越高；冲绳海槽中部的Z14-6岩芯中F. profunda相对含量变化的主控因子是黑潮流的强弱变化；WP7和Ph05-5两个岩芯中F. profunda相对含量变化与低纬地区暖池变化特征密切相关。 6800 yr BP以来台湾东北部MD2908岩芯中F. profunda相对百分含量变化与太阳黑子数量呈明显的反相关关系，而且3700 yrBP以来更为明显。由于F. profunda相对百分含量变化与该地区东亚夏季风引起的降雨量密切相关，所以推测6800 yr BP以来东亚夏季风受太阳活动影响，其中的纽带是IZCT的纬向位置变动。

菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）对胶州湾生态环境影响的现场研究

本文对我国胶州湾养殖的主要滤食性贝类菲律宾蛤仔的生理生态学进行了系统研究，通过资料收集、现场调查、定点连续观测、现场模拟实验等综合性方法探讨了菲律宾蛤仔养殖对胶州湾生态环境的影响。主要系统调查了不同季节胶州湾自然沉积物中C、N和P的变化；研究了菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积作用的周年变化；同时还研究了不同月份菲律宾蛤仔的耗氧率，排泄率的变化。结果如下: 1、综述了滤食性贝类通过滤食、生物沉积和呼吸排泄等作用对海区环境的影响,系统评述了埋栖性贝类生物沉积的测定方法及其生态效应。国际上已有不少研究专门报道了贝类在海区现场的生物沉积作用，而在我国，关于埋栖性贝类生物沉积特征的研究较少。 2、在胶州湾红岛附近养殖海区，从2003年10月到2004年7月以及2005年8月到2005年12月对菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积进行了现场测定。大、中和小规格菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率范围分别为121.6～1527.4mg/ind·d，49.5～902.1mg/ind·d，14.2～653.9mg/ind·d。海底自然沉积物OM分别为3.1％和5.7±1.1％。而大、中和小规格菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积物的OM分别为6.2±1.2％、5.9±1.3％和6.1±1.4％。大、中和小菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积物TP含量分别为399±26ppm，372±16ppm，345±15ppm。大、中和小规格蛤子生物沉积物中的OP分别为80±17ppm，92±12ppm和102±10ppm，明显高于对照沉积物的OP。生物沉积物中的OP/TP要明显高于对照沉积物，前者为23～25％，而后者仅为20％。菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率呈明显季节性变化，其与软体干重呈异速方程关系，a值的变化范围为0.85～4.50（平均为2.32）。菲律宾蛤仔贝肉的OC和ON含量分别为40.80±7.59％和的10.26±2.19％。贝壳的OM、TP、OP、OC和ON含量分别为3.28±0.47%、109.2±16.6ppm、64±22.9ppm、12.21±0.30％和0.19±0.05％。 3、不同规格菲律宾蛤仔的代谢率呈明显季节变化。7月份，单位个体菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率最高为1.72 g/ind•h；8月份，排氨率和排磷率达到最高，分别为2.44μmol/ind•h、0.58μmol/ind•h。菲律宾蛤仔的O:N在10.7~31.9范围内，O:N和N:P具有明显的季节变化，8月份最大。 4、研究了本湾底质环境特征，测定了自然沉积物的OM、OC、ON、TP和OP的含量。胶州湾站位沉积物的有机质和C、N、P含量季节变化不大，有机质含量大约为3.5％，OC和ON含量大约为0.7％和0.06％。TP含量为285ppm左右，OP含量大约为50ppm。养殖海区沉积物有机质和C、N、P的含量明显高于非养殖海区沉积物含量，其C/N、C/OP和OP/TP一般也比非养殖海区站位高。 夏季，胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖区（平均密度按600ind/m2计算）单位面积（m2）的生物沉积速率平均为176g/m2•d，对于整个海湾，将有1.2万吨的悬浮颗粒物通过贝类排粪作用沉积到海底。通过菲律宾蛤仔的呼吸作用，单位面积（m2）的耗氧量为6.67gO2/m2•d；同时从海底向水体释放大约为16.7μmolN /m2•d和3.3μmolP/m2•d的溶解态N和P；对于整个海湾，菲律宾蛤仔将耗掉水体中的467T/d氧气，同时向水体中释放16.4T/d氨氮和7.2T/d无机磷。对于半封闭的胶州湾，大规模菲律宾蛤仔的滩涂养殖其产生的生物沉积物聚集于海底可能会对海区底部的物理化学和生物环境产生很大影响；而氧的消耗、氨和无机磷的排泄，会对水层中的物理化学环境和营养盐循环产生很大影响。从而由此推测，菲律宾蛤仔高密度大规模的养殖，在整个胶州湾水层－底栖系统耦合作用中可能起着很重要的作用。

冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中的放射虫及其古海洋学意义

放射虫是海洋微体古生物的一个重要类群，其生态分布与水体的物理化学性质和迁移有密切关系。沉积物中的化石放射虫蕴含着大量的古海洋环境和古气候信息，能为全球环境变化和气候过程研究提供有价值的资料，在古海洋学的研究中起着重要作用。本文对冲绳海槽北部80个表层沉积样品中的放射虫进行了系统鉴定和定量统计，研究了放射虫的种类组成与类群特征以及其丰度和分异度的分布；分析了海水温度、盐度、营养盐以及沉积物类型、成分等环境因素对放射虫分布的影响；采用Q-型因子分析，求得放射虫的属种和组合分布特征，探讨了放射虫组合与不同水团、海洋水文结构之间的关系；并对Pisias（1997）建立的估计表层海水年平均温度和其变化范围的放射虫转换函数在研究区的适用性做了检验。结果表明：（1）初步鉴定190个种，其中泡沫虫目Spumellaria在种和个体数量上占绝对优势，与有关资料对照表明，冲绳海槽北部的放射虫组合属热带大洋暖水动物群。放射虫的丰度和分异度在研究区的西北部和东南部有较大的差别，其分布呈现从西北向东南剧增的趋势，可划分为3个区。（2）放射虫的分布与现代表层海水温度、盐度有着很好的相关性，清楚地显示了对马暖流锋和黑潮锋的位置，但与表层水体的营养盐和初级生产力为负相关关系。沉积物类型特别是其粒度和陆源物质的含量极大地影响着放射虫的分布，放射虫的丰度和分异度明显地随沉积物粒度的增大和陆源物质含量的增加而减小；同时，放射虫的分布也显示了与沉积物中火山玻璃含量的密切相关性。（3）Q-型因子分析得到3个主因子，累积方差贡献为90.2%；其分布分别与对马暖流水、黑潮水和陆架混合水对应，显示了放射虫与水团、海流和海洋水文结构的密切关系。（4）利用57个样品的统计数据，对估计表层海水年平均温度和其变化范围的放射虫转换函数（Pisias，1997）的检验结果表明，其估计误差为6℃，实际值与估计值的相关性差，可靠性低，不适合于本区使用。

全球及北太平洋环流诊断模式研究

本文在基于GFDL的MOM模式基础上，分别建立了一个全球和一个北太平洋大洋环流的诊断模式（Robust diagnostic model），并分别进行了月平均的（全球模式还进行了年平均）模拟。积分的时间长度全球模式为11年，北太平洋模式为8年。水平空间分辨率，全球模式为1°* 1°，北太平洋模式为1／3°* 1／3°，垂向都分为21层。所用的温度、盐度数据基本是Levitus的资料进行了插值所得，表面风应力为Hellerman and Rosenstein的全球风场数据插值而来。从模拟的结果来看，全球大洋中的主要环流均得到体现，如：湾流，南北赤道流，北赤道逆流，南极绕极流，黑潮等等。与Fujio，Bryan等人的结果相吻合。基于模拟的结果，本文还分析了一些断面上的体积运输和热盐输运以及主要海区的热平衡。结果显示：南极绕极流从西向东，从印度洋南部（SSI）流往太平洋南部（SSP）的流量为170－190 Sv，而从SSP表面上流向大西洋南部（SSA）以及从SSA流向SSI的流量都大约为150－170 Sv。从SSP到南太平洋的流量为17－26 Sv，从太平洋通过印度尼西亚海流向印度洋的流量为15－29 Sv。从南印度洋到SSI的流量为17－26 Sv。各大洋中通过赤道的流量均很小。对于中国近海，由太平洋通过吕宋海峡进入南海的流量为0.6－2.1Sv，台湾海峡中的北向流量和台湾岛东部黑潮入侵东海的流量分别为0.1－1.9Sv和14－23Sv。琉球群岛北部和对马海峡中的流量分别为13－22Sv、1.6－2.1Sv。从日本海通过津轻和宗谷海峡流向太平洋的流量则分别为0.9v以及0.5－1.0Sv。一些断面上的热、盐通量也进行了分析。

Genetic mapping of size-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) using AFLP and microsatellite markers

We constructed genetic linkage maps for the bay scallop Argopecten irradians using AFLP and microsatellite markers and conducted composite interval mapping (CIM) of body-size-related traits. Three hundred seventeen AFLP and 10 microsatellite markers were used for map construction. The female parent map contained 120 markers in 15 linkage groups, spanning 479.6 cM with an average interval of 7.0 cM. The male parent map had 190 markers in 17 linkage groups, covering 883.8 cM at 7.2 cM per marker. The observed coverage was 70.4% for the female and 81.1% for the male map. Markers that were distorted toward the same direction were closely linked to each other on the genetic maps, suggesting the presence of genes important for survival. Six size-related traits, shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight, soft tissue weight, and shell weight, were measured for QTL mapping. The size data were significantly correlated with each other. We subjected the data, log transformed firstly, to a principle component analysis and use the first principle component for QTL mapping. CIM analysis revealed one significant QTL (LOD=2.69, 1000 permutation, P<0.05) in linkage group 3 on the female parent map. The mapping of size-related QTL in this study raises the possibility of improving the growth of bay scallops through marker-assisted selection. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

The chemical constituents from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv.

Eight compounds were isolated from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv. In normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and recrystallization. Based on MS and 1D NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were determined as: stigmast-4-en-3-one (I), cholest-4-en-3-one (II), cholesterol (III), uracil (IV), uridine (V), adenosine (VI), succinic acid (VII), and 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-on (VIII). All of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was screened using standard MTT method, but all the compounds were inactive (IC50 > 10 mu g/ml).

碱性蛋白酶降解骨胶原制备食品明胶工艺

[目的]研究碱性蛋白酶降解骨胶原的工艺条件,探索其应用于骨料制备明胶的可行性.[方法]采用碱性蛋白酶降解骨胶原制备食品明胶,通过正交试验L_9（3~4）得出酶解制备食品明胶的最佳工艺参数.[结果]结果表明：最佳工艺参数为20万U/g碱性蛋白酶用量为干骨质量的0.005%,酶解温度60℃,酶解pH值为8,酶解时问5 h,升温灭酶,提胶一次2 h;获得食品明胶指标值分别为：得胶率20.0%,黏度3.1 mPa•s,冻力193 Bloomg.[结论]该研究为获得品质和产量俱佳的食品明胶提供了试验依据.