Crimes cibernéticos : desafios da investigação

Aborda os crimes cibernéticos sob o ponto de vista da dificuldade de sua apuração.

Drying of fish--factors to consider

Although one of the best possibilities for raising the animal protein of the diets of Nigerian is to increase the consumption of fish; particularly through the use of several methods of long term preservation techniques, such as drying, no radical approach has yet emerged. Although, a great deal of the artisanal fish catch is dried for the huge consumer and distant markets, the traditional methods of fish preservation need improvements to cope with demand for increased quantity, shelf-stable, and improved quality of fish products. The paper discusses drying requirements, heat and mass transfer, consumer acceptance, fuel sources, storage and marketing of dried fish products; and suggest ways and means of structurally transforming the artisanal technology of fish drying

Estimation of the abundance of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, by age groups and regions within the Eastern Pacific Ocean

ENGLISH: Monthly estimates of the abundance of yellowfin tuna by age groups and regions within the eastern Pacific Ocean during 1970-1988 are made, using purse-seine catch rates, length-frequency samples, and results from cohort analysis. The numbers of individuals caught of each age group in each logged purse-seine set are estimated, using the tonnage from that set and length-frequency distribution from the "nearest" length-frequency sample(s). Nearest refers to the closest length frequency sample(s) to the purse-seine set in time, distance, and set type (dolphin associated, floating object associated, skipjack associated, none of these, and some combinations). Catch rates are initially calculated as the estimated number of individuals of the age group caught per hour of searching. Then, to remove the effects of set type and vessel speed, they are standardized, using separate weiznted generalized linear models for each age group. The standardized catch rates at the center of each 2.5 0 quadrangle-month are estimated, using locally-weighted least-squares regressions on latitude, longitude and date, and then combined into larger regions. Catch rates within these regions are converted to numbers of yellowfin, using the mean age composition from cohort analysis. The variances of the abundance estimates within regions are large for 0-, 1-, and 5-year-olds, but small for 1.5- to 4-year-olds, except during periods of low fishing activity. Mean annual catch rate estimates for the entire eastern Pacific Ocean are significantly positively correlated with mean abundance estimates from cohort analysis for age groups ranging from 1.5 to 4 years old. Catch-rate indices of abundance by age are expected to be useful in conjunction with data on reproductive biology to estimate total egg production within regions. The estimates may also be useful in understanding geographic and temporal variations in age-specific availability to purse seiners, as well as age-specific movements. SPANISH: Se calculan estimaciones mensuales de la abundancia del atún aleta amarilla por grupos de edad y regiones en el Océano Pacífico oriental durante 1970-1988, usando tasas de captura cerquera, muestras de frecuencia de talla, y los resultados del análisis de cohortes. Se estima el número de individuos capturados de cada grupo de edad en cada lance cerquero registrado, usando el tonelaje del lance en cuestión y la distribución de frecuencia de talla de la(s) muestra(s) de frecuencia de talla "más cercana/s)," "Más cercana" significa la(s) muestra(s) de frecuencia de talla más parecida(s) al lance cerquero en cuanto a fecha, distancia, y tipo de lance (asociado con delfines, con objeto flotante, con barrilete, con ninguno de éstos, y algunas combinaciones). Se calculan inicialmente las tasas de captura como el número estimado de individuos del grupo de edad capturado por hora de búsqueda. A continuación, para eliminar los efectos del tipo de lance y la velocidad del barco, se estandardizan dichas tasas, usando un modelo lineal generalizado ponderado, para cada grupo por separado. Se estima la tasa de captura estandardizada al centro de cada cuadrángulo de 2.5°-mes, usando regresiones de mínimos cuadrados ponderados localmente por latitud, longitud, y fecha, y entonces combinándolas en regiones mayores. Se convierten las tasas de captura dentro de estas regiones en números de aletas amarillas individuales, usando el número promedio por edad proveniente del análisis de cohortes. Las varianzas de las estimaciones de la abundancia dentro de las regiones son grandes para los peces de O, 1, Y5 años de edad, pero pequeñas para aquellos de entre 1.5 Y4 años de edad, excepto durante períodos de poca actividad pesquera. Las estimaciones de la tasa de captura media anual para todo el Océano Pacífico oriental están correlacionadas positivamente de forma significativa con las estimaciones de la abundancia media del análisis de las cohortes para los grupos de edad de entre 1.5 y 4 años. Se espera que los índices de abundancia por edad basados en las tasas de captura sean útiles, en conjunto con datos de la biología reproductiva, para estimar la producción total de huevos por regiones. Las estimaciones podrían asimismo ser útiles para la comprensión de las variaciones geográficas y temporales de la disponibilidad específica por edad a los barcos cerqueros, y también las migraciones específicas por edad. (PDF contains 35 pages.)

Effects of different types of fertilizers on plankton productivity in earthen ponds

Three fertilizer types (NPK, Super-phosphate and cow dung) were applied at two levels (Low, 0.3 kg/25m super(2)/2weeks and High, 0.7kg/25 m super(2)/2weeks) to 12 ponds with two ponds serving as control. Each pond had an area of 25 m super(2). Application of fertilizers and monitoring of plankton productivity and water quality parameters continued fortnightly for 52 days. Results obtained were subjected to Statistical Variance Analysis. The abundance of phytoplankton was in the order: Chlorophyceae > Bacillariophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Desmideaceae. While that of zooplankton followed the order: Crustacean > Rotifer > Protozoan. Primary productivity showed a variation between treatments with lowest value of 5592 mg/O sub(2)/m super(3)/day obtained in the control and cow dung low application rates (1.5 kg/25 m super(2)/2weeks). The highest value for primary productivity was obtained at M sub(2) (0.7 kg/25 m super(2)/2weeks, N.P.K) with primary productivity value of 7200 mg/O sub(2)/m super(3)/day, closely followed by M sub(4) (0.7 kg/25 m super(2)/2weeks, super phosphate) with 6792 mg/O sub(2)/m super(3)/day.

A Dynamic Model For Ice-Induced Vibration Of Structures

A dynamic model for the ice-induced vibration (IIV) of structures is developed in the present study. Ice properties have been taken into account, such as the discrete failure, the dependence of the crushing strength on the ice velocity, and the randomness of ice failure. The most important prediction of the model is to capture the resonant frequency lock-in, which is analog to that in the vortex-induced vibration. Based on the model, the mechanism of resonant IIV is discussed. It is found that the dependence of the ice crushing strength on the ice velocity plays an important role in the resonant frequency lock-in of IIV. In addition, an intermittent stochastic resonant vibration is simulated from the model. These predictions are supported by the laboratory and field observations reported. The present model is more productive than the previous models of IIV.

The use and economic benefits of fibres from sisal hemp (Agave sisalana) leaves as supporting ropes for fishing gear

Sisal hemp (Agave sisalana) leaves were harvested and processed using the beating and decomposition methods. The fibres obtained were washed, dried and finally spurned in to cordage of about 4mm diameter 39 pieces of ropes, each measuring 2 meters were altogether spurned. 30 pieces of these ropes were immersed in water for a period of 24 weeks, 6 were placed in a shaded and airily place and 3 were used for the head and footling of gillnet, sinker line of cast net and the main line of long line. Every other week, the ropes in water and air were tested for its breaking strength using an improved 50kg spring balance. At the end of the experiment, it was found the immersed ropes maintained a tensile strength of over 50kg/F for the first 18 weeks, thereafter; there was a gradual weekly reduction in the strength until the 23rd week when the tensile strength was less than 1kg/F. The cost benefit analysis showed that about 5,3146 tons processed fibers could be obtained fro 1ha. capable of being spenced in to 528300m of 4mm diameter cordage. This paper finally recommended the growth of sisal hemp plants by fisher folks so that there will be constant stock for intermittent harvesting for rope spurning

Mulier virilis. la masculinización del modelo femenino en el cristianismo primitivo: de Tecla a Melania Junior

131 p. - E-mail del autor: ikmagro88@gmail.com

Protocolo de prevención de partidos de riesgo: una experiencia aplicada para la prevención de la violencia en el fútbol base

[EN] This study presents an applied experience which takes part of a program on prevention of the violence in soccer in school age. The aim was the acquisition of the commitment of the trainers involved in matches considered as non sportive, in the fulfillment of sportive behavior guidelines. To achieve this aim, a meeting was carried out by the trainers of the equipments that led violent incidents in the first round of the league, with the presidents of these equipments, with representatives of the local football Federation and with representatives of the Committee of referees. From this meeting it was intended: 1) to reduce the probability of aggressive and violent incidents; 2) to promote a relation of cooperation between the entities of the teams that led non sportive incidents, and the referee group; and 3) Make the sports context be a protector to prevent non sportive behaviors. The results of this study reflect that the participation had a positive effect in the improvement of the sportsmanship in the return football matches of the league.

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy of single R6G molecules

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on colloidal silver clusters has been studied. Based on the great enhancement of the Raman signal and the quench of the fluorescence, the SERRS spectra of R6G were recorded for the samples of dye colloidal solution with different concentrations. Spectral inhomogeneity behaviours from single molecules in the dried sample films were observed with complementary evidences, such as spectral polarization, spectral diffusion, intensity fluctuation of vibrational lines and even "breathing" of the molecules. Sequential spectra observed from a liquid sample with an average of 0.3 dye molecules in the probed volume exhibited the expected Poisson distribution for actually measuring 0, 1 or 2 molecules. Difference between the SERRS spectra of R6G excited by linearly and circularly polarized light were experimentally measured.

Mechanisms of femtosecond laser-induced damage in magnesium fluoride

We studied the single-shot damage in magnesium fluoride irradiated by 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser. The dependence of damage thresholds on the laser pulse durations from 60 to 750 fs was measured. The pump-probe measurements were carried out to investigate the time-resolved electronic excitation processes. A coupled dynamic model was applied to study the microprocesses in the interaction between fs laser and magnesium fluoride. The results indicate that both multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization play important roles in the femtosecond laser-induced damage in MgF2. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Utilização de indicadores de resultados para a avaliação da qualidade em hospitais de Agudos : mortalidade hospitalar após cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio em hospitais brasileiros

Não tem sido frequentes no Brasil estudos de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Tem sido adotado entendimento de qualidade como o grau em que processo de assistência aumenta a probabilidade de resultados favoráveis e diminui a probabilidade de resultados desfavoráveis, dado o estado do conhecimento médico. Indicadores de resultados de efeitos adversos do processo de assistência costumam ser empregados e, entre eles, para aquelas condições e procedimentos onde óbitos ocorrem com frequência, estão as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar. Entre esses procedimentos inclui-se a cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. Apesar de frequentes na literatura, particularmente norte-americana, não há estudos de escala realizados no Brasil. Para estudos deste tipo bases de dados administrativas tem sido empregadas. No Brasil recentemente tem sido exploradas as potencialidades dos bancos de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (SIH-SUS) em diversos estudos. Como há registro de óbitos hospitalares no sistema é possível utilizá-lo para a obtenção de dados sobre mortalidade hospitalar. Os bancos de dados do SIH-SUS de 1996 a 1998 foram integrados e as variáveis disponíveis no banco obtido examinadas quanto a possibilidade de inclusão do estudo descritivo de características da cirurgia coronária no país. Foram identificadas aquelas variáveis que poderiam ser utilizadas para proceder algum grau de ajuste de risco para os casos atendidos pelos diferentes hospitais. Para que se obtivesse uma comparação do comportamento do ajuste obtido com essas variáveis com modelos mais completos que incorporassern mais variáveis, inclusive variáveis clínicas, foram estudadas para o mesmo período, as internações realizadas no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando dados de banco específico do Serviço de Cirurgia Cardíaca. Além do estudo descritivo foram desenvolvidos para os casos deste hospital modelos de regressão logística incorporando variáveis pré-operatórias e com as variáveis disponíveis no SIH-SUS para avaliar as diferentes capacidades de ajuste de risco. Após a escolha de um modelo de risco com maior capacidade de ajuste, foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar e obtidos os valores de taxas esperadas após o ajuste de risco. Os hospitais forma ordenados de acordo com as razões entre as taxas observadas e esperadas e identificados aqueles hospitais que apresentavam razões estatisticamente significativas superiores e inferiores a média nacional. Estudou-se também o efeito do volume de casos sobre a mortalidade hospitalar. Foram obtidas informações de 41.989 cirurgias codificadas como cirurgia coronária com circulação extracorpórea realizadas em 131 hospitais brasileiros, em 22 unidades da federaçâo. A taxa anual por 100000 habitantes foi de 8,7 para o Brasil, com São Paulo apresentando taxa de 16,6. Para efeitos de comparação a taxa em anos em torno de 1997 foi de 144,5 nos EUA, 54,4 no Canadá, 90,0 na Austrália e 31,5 em Portugal. A taxa de mortalidade no período foi de 7,2 % (EUA, 2,8%; Canadá, 2,5%: França, 3,2%). A maioria de pacientes operados foi do sexo masculino (67,5%) e a idade média foi de 59,9 anos.