De Kronecker à Gödel via Hilbert. Les fondements arithmétiques et une crise sans fondement

La crise des fondements n’a pas affecté les fondements arithmétiques du constructivisme de Kronecker, Bien plutôt, c’est le finitisme kroneckerien de la théorie de l’arithmétique générale ou polynomiale qui a permis à Hilbert de surmonter la crise des fondements ensemblistes et qui a poussé Gödel, inspiré par Hilbert, à proposer une extension du point de vue finitiste pour obtenir une preuve constructive de la consistance de l’arithmétique dans son interprétation fonctionnelle « Dialectica ».

Bayesian Inference in Exponential and Pareto populations in the presence of Outliers

This thesis Entitled Bayesian inference in Exponential and pareto populations in the presence of outliers. The main theme of the present thesis is focussed on various estimation problems using the Bayesian appraoch, falling under the general category of accommodation procedures for analysing Pareto data containing outlier. In Chapter II. the problem of estimation of parameters in the classical Pareto distribution specified by the density function. In Chapter IV. we discuss the estimation of (1.19) when the sample contain a known number of outliers under three different data generating mechanisms, viz. the exchangeable model. Chapter V the prediction of a future observation based on a random sample that contains one contaminant. Chapter VI is devoted to the study of estimation problems concerning the exponential parameters under a k-outlier model.

Enlarging a training set for genomic selction by imputation of un-genotyped animals in populations of varying genetic architecture

Background: The most common application of imputation is to infer genotypes of a high-density panel of markers on animals that are genotyped for a low-density panel. However, the increase in accuracy of genomic predictions resulting from an increase in the number of markers tends to reach a plateau beyond a certain density. Another application of imputation is to increase the size of the training set with un-genotyped animals. This strategy can be particularly successful when a set of closely related individuals are genotyped. ----- Methods: Imputation on completely un-genotyped dams was performed using known genotypes from the sire of each dam, one offspring and the offspring’s sire. Two methods were applied based on either allele or haplotype frequencies to infer genotypes at ambiguous loci. Results of these methods and of two available software packages were compared. Quality of imputation under different population structures was assessed. The impact of using imputed dams to enlarge training sets on the accuracy of genomic predictions was evaluated for different populations, heritabilities and sizes of training sets. ----- Results: Imputation accuracy ranged from 0.52 to 0.93 depending on the population structure and the method used. The method that used allele frequencies performed better than the method based on haplotype frequencies. Accuracy of imputation was higher for populations with higher levels of linkage disequilibrium and with larger proportions of markers with more extreme allele frequencies. Inclusion of imputed dams in the training set increased the accuracy of genomic predictions. Gains in accuracy ranged from close to zero to 37.14%, depending on the simulated scenario. Generally, the larger the accuracy already obtained with the genotyped training set, the lower the increase in accuracy achieved by adding imputed dams. ----- Conclusions: Whenever a reference population resembling the family configuration considered here is available, imputation can be used to achieve an extra increase in accuracy of genomic predictions by enlarging the training set with completely un-genotyped dams. This strategy was shown to be particularly useful for populations with lower levels of linkage disequilibrium, for genomic selection on traits with low heritability, and for species or breeds for which the size of the reference population is limited.

Heat stress response for physiological traits in dairy and dual purpose cattle populations on phenotypic and genetic scales

The main objective of this thesis was to determine the potential impact of heat stress (HS) on physiological traits of lactating cows and semen quality of bulls kept in a temperate climate. The thesis is comprised of three studies. An innovative statistical modeling aspect common to all three studies was the application of random regression methodology (RRM) to study the phenotypic and genetic trajectory of traits in dependency of a continuous temperature humidity index (THI). In the first study, semen quality and quantity traits of 562 Holstein sires kept on an AI station in northwestern Germany were analyzed in the course of THI calculated from data obtained from the nearest weather station. Heat stress was identified based on a decline in semen quality and quantity parameters. The identified general HS threshold (THI = 60) and the thermoneutal zone (THI in the range from 50 to 60) for semen production were lower than detected in studies conducted in tropical and subtropical climates. Even though adult bulls were characterized by higher semen productivity compared to younger bulls, they responded with a stronger semen production loss during harsh environments. Heritabilities (low to moderate range) and additive genetic variances of semen characteristics varied with different levels of THI. Also, based on genetic correlations genotype, by environment interactions were detected. Taken together, these findings suggest the application of specific selection strategies for specific climate conditions. In the second study, the effect of the continuous environmental descriptor THI as measured inside the barns on rectal temperatures (RT), skin temperatures (ST), vaginal temperatures (VT), respiration rates (RR), and pulse rate (PR) of lactating Holstein Friesian (HF) and dual-purpose German black pied cattle (DSN) was analyzed. Increasing HS from THI 65 (threshold) to THI 86 (maximal THI) resulted in an increase of RT by 0.6 °C (DSN) and 1 °C (HF), ST by 3.5 °C (HF) and 8 °C (DSN), VT by 0.3 °C (DSN), and RR by 47 breaths / minute (DSN), and decreased PR by 7 beats / minute (DSN). The undesired effects of rising THI on physiological traits were most pronounced for cows with high levels of milk yield and milk constituents, cows in early days in milk and later parities, and during summer seasons in the year 2014. In the third study of this dissertation, the genetic components of the cow’s physiological responses to HS were investigated. Heat stress was deduced from indoor THI measurements, and physiological traits were recorded on native DSN cows and their genetically upgraded crosses with Holstein Friesian sires in two experimental herds from pasture-based production systems reflecting a harsh environment of the northern part of Germany. Although heritabilities were in a low range (from 0.018 to 0.072), alterations of heritabilities, repeatabilities, and genetic components in the course of THI justify the implementation of genetic evaluations including heat stress components. However, low repeatabilities indicate the necessity of using repeated records for measuring physiological traits in German cattle. Moderate EBV correlations between different trait combinations indicate the potential of selection for one trait to simultaneously improve the other physiological attributes. In conclusion, bulls of AI centers and lactating cows suffer from HS during more extreme weather conditions also in the temperate climate of Northern Germany. Monitoring physiological traits during warm and humid conditions could provide precious information for detection of appropriate times for implementation of cooling systems and changes in feeding and management strategies. Subsequently, the inclusion of these physiological traits with THI specific breeding values into overall breeding goals could contribute to improving cattle adaptability by selecting the optimal animal for extreme hot and humid conditions. Furthermore, the recording of meteorological data in close distance to the cow and visualizing the surface body temperature by infrared thermography techniques might be helpful for recognizing heat tolerance and adaptability in cattle.

Lupus nephritis in colombians: Contrasts and comparisons with other populations

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) since it is the major predictor of poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and immunological characteristics associated with LN development during the course of SLE in Colombians. Therefore, patients with SLE followed at five different referral centers in Medellin, Bogota, and Cali were included in this cross-sectional and multicenter study. Factors influencing LN were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting by gender, age at onset, duration of disease, and city of origin. The entire sample population included 467 patients, of whom 51% presented with LN. The presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–3.65), pleuritis (AOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.38–10.54), and hypertension (AOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.23–5.62) were positively associated with LN, whereas the presence of anti-La antibodies was a protective factor against LN development (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.19–0.85). A review of literature on LN in different populations is made. The identified clinical- and laboratory-associated factors would assist earlier diagnosis and guide decisions on therapeutic interventions on this critical and frequent complication of SLE.

Prevalencia de enfermedad celiaca en Latinoamérica: revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis

Introducción: La enfermedad celiaca (EC) es una enfermedad autoinmune (EA) intestinal desencadenada por la ingesta de gluten. Por la falta de información de la presencia de EC en Latinoamérica (LA), nosotros investigamos la prevalencia de la enfermedad en esta región utilizando una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un meta-análisis. Métodos y resultados: Este trabajo fue realizado en dos fases: La primera, fue un estudio de corte transversal de 300 individuos Colombianos. La segunda, fue una revisión sistemática y una meta-regresión siguiendo las guías PRSIMA. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto una falta de anti-transglutaminasa tisular (tTG) e IgA anti-endomisio (EMA) en la población Colombiana. En la revisión sistemática, 72 artículos cumplían con los criterios de selección, la prevalencia estimada de EC en LA fue de 0,46% a 0,64%, mientras que la prevalencia en familiares de primer grado fue de 5,5 a 5,6%, y en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 fue de 4,6% a 8,7% Conclusión: Nuestro estudio muestra que la prevalencia de EC en pacientes sanos de LA es similar a la notificada en la población europea.

Exploitation de la bande dessinée La Guerre de la Glace à la Framboise (Bande Dessinée sur une Europe pacifique sans frontières destinée aux jeunes), dans la classe de Français Langue Etrangère : unité didactique. 'Uso del cómic La Guerra del Helado de Frambuesa (Cómic por una Europa pacífica sin fronteras para jóvenes), en la clase de Lengua Francesa : unidad didáctica'.

Se describe una experiencia de uso del cómic La Guerra del Helado de Frambuesa publicado por la Oficina de Publicaciones Oficiales de la Comunidad Europea, en las clases de Francés de segundo ciclo de la ESO. Se diseña una unidad didáctica con los siguientes objetivos: conocer el funcionamiento de la Comunidad Europea, producir textos escritos a partir del contenido del cómic, formar una opinión positiva acerca de la ciudadanía europea y descubrir a los personajes que la han hecho posible. Se describen los contenidos, los ejercicios y los criterios de evaluación propuestos.

Entrevista a: Rafel Àngel Bosch i Sans (Conseller d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats)

Entrevista a: Rafael Ángel Bosch Sans (Conseller d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats del Govern de les Illes Balears).

Interpretation, emotional reactions and daily life implications of hallucination-like experiences in clinical and nonclinical populations

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Some biological data on cetaceans populations present in the western coasts of Ireland

Ireland’s waters constitute one of the richest habitats for cetaceans in Europe. Marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, are known to be definitive hosts of digestive parasites from the Fm.Anisakidae. The main aim of this study is to collect and compile all the information available out there regarding parasites of the Fm. Anisakidae and their definitive hosts. Secondary objectives are to relate the presence of cetacean species with the presence of parasites of the Fm. Anisakidae and to determine whether this greater number of cetaceans relates to a greater level of parasitism. Prevalence and burdens of anisakids in definitive hosts vary widely with host species, geographic location, and season. Results from several post-mortem exams are given. However, they cannot be compared due to differences in collecting techniques. Anisakis simplex is the most commonly and widespread parasite found in the majority of the samples and in a major number of hosts, which include harbour porpoise, short-beaked common dolphin and bottlenose dolphin. Studies on harbour porpoise obtained prevalences of Anisakis spp. of 46% (n=26) and of 100% (n= 12). Another study in common dolphin reported a prevalence of 68% (n=25). Several reasons could influence the variations in the presence of Anisakis. Studies on commercially exploited fish have reported prevalences of Anisakis simplex ranging from 65-100% in wild Atlantic salmon and from 42-53.4% in Atlantic cod

Problématique du xiie atelier international, lisbonne - setubal 2007

Le thème proposé “ Musées et Société “ n’est pas nouveau. Il a déjà été traité ad noseam en d’innombrables circonstances, sauf, peut-être, sous l’angle explicite de l’engagement :Quelles actions ? L’ambition de “ saisir la mudance “ répond à une nécessité de tous les moments dans un monde où tout et rien évoluent à un rythme diabolique. Comment donc, dans ces circonstances, ajuster l’action du musée, une institution culturelle relativement lourde, si on la compare aux autres medias de communication, très attachée encore à ses traditions séculaires dont elle s’enorgueillit, soumise, par ailleurs aux changements qui bouleversent tous les aspects de son fonctionnement , voire de sa mission, fortement attirée qu’elle est par la société du spectacle, tentée, par ailleurs, d’y réagir en se rapprochant de la vie quotidienne des populations par l’action communautaire fondue dans le travail muséologique ? Le MINOM, dont la vocation est de questionner tout en agissant, est à la recherché du point de vue à partir duquel il peut interroger et agir. Quel est exactement son champ d’action, le dénominateur commun qui rassemble, mobilise, attire ses adhérents, issus de cultures, d’origines et d’idéologies diverses ? On a souvent campé l’organisation dans les alternatives, soit dans des positions qui puissant faire contrepoids aux systèmes dominants, étouffant la créativité, la maîtrise d’oeuvre individuelle: La liberté d’être et d’exprimer par soi-même. Serait-ce donc que, globalement, le MINOM aurait rejoint, sans tout à fait s’en rendre compte, la plateforme altermondiste, dans tout ce qu’elle représente d’expérimentations sociaux et d’utopies, d’ un nouvel humanisme fondé sur le partage, le dialogue ? Le XIIe Atelier devrait nous amener à préciser, par l´échange et la prospectrice (ambition partagée par le dernier Atelier ) , là où nous nous situons, comme groupe ( noyau central et périphérique ) à l’intérieur de la mouvance, à l’échelle locale et mondiale. Les actions les plus appropriées pour traduire, dans le cadre de l’action muséologique nos représentations de l’être humain se débattant à ‘intérieur de la biosphère, seront nécessairement, il faut l’espérer, à l’ordre du jour de nos résolutions. Le MUSÉE – FORUM –SOCIAL ns serait-il pas, en fin de compte, le modèle à partager, dans les prochaines années, par l’ensemble de la communauté Minomienne? Lieu d’appropriation continue de la mouvance, il est, croyons-nous, le laboratoire de l’expérimentation citoyenne, un lieu de représentations interdisciplinaires résultant de la convivialité et des interactions globales des inter-changes sociétaires.

Projet de construction de musees communautaires au Burkina Faso : le Musée de Léo

La muséographie occidentale classique est remise en cause parce qu’elle n’est pas adaptée aux réalités africaines. Les musées africains se trouvent en déphasage avec leur public parce qu’ils sont trop accrochés à un passé sans rapport avec les réalités et les problèmes quotidiens comme la famine, la sécheresse, la pauvreté, l’éducation, la santé, etc.. Aussi les populations habituées à vivre et à ressentir leur culture ne fréquentent pas les musées en Afrique parce qu’elles pensent que ceux-ci ont "sclérosé" leur culture, "chloroformé" certaines de leurs valeurs patrimoniales. Face aux problèmes rencontrés par les musées en Afrique, nous assistons à l’émergence de nouveaux types de musées. C’est dans ce cadre que s’inscrit notre projet de construction de musées communautaires au Burkina Faso.

The comparison of vestibular functions in hearing and hearing impaired populations

This study investigates possible vestibular dysfunctions in the deaf using a typical clinical assessment battery and discerns whether there is a trend between these disorders in meningitic children as compared to children with unknown origins of deafness.

The relationship between popular culture awareness and socialization in the deaf/hard of hearing and hearing populations

A sample of deaf/hard of hearing students and hearing students ages 11-14 were surveyed to examine social perceptions about intellect and popularity related to popular culture knowledge. Participants also provided descriptive responses to their popular culture favorites.