Patterns of hematopoietic chimerism following bone marrow transplantation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia from volunteer unrelated donors

Hematopoietic chimerism was analyzed in serial bone marrow samples taken from 28 children following T-cell depleted unrelated donor bone marrow transplants (UD BMT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chimeric status was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of simple tandem repeat (STR) sequences (maximal sensitivity, 0.1%). At least two serial samples were examined in 23 patients. Of these, two had evidence of complete donor engraftment at all times and eight showed stable low level mixed chimerism (MC) (<1% recipient hematopoiesis). All 10 of these patients remain in remission with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. By contrast, 13 patients demonstrated a progressive return of recipient hematopoiesis. Five of these relapsed (4 to 9 months post BMT), one died of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and seven remain in remission with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Five children were excluded from serial analysis as two serial samples were not collected before either relapse (3) or graft rejection (2). We conclude that as with sibling transplants, ex vivo T depleted UD BMT in children with ALL is associated with a high incidence of MC. Stable donor engraftment and low level MC always correlated with continued remission. However, detection of a progressive return of recipient cells did not universally correlate with relapse, but highlighted those patients at greatest risk. Serial chimerism analysis by PCR of STRs provides a rapid and simple screening technique for the detection of relapse and the identification of patients with progressive MC who might benefit from detailed molecular analysis for minimal residual disease following matched volunteer UD BMT for childhood ALL.

Introducing the CTA concept

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Processos e modelos de raciocínio na tomada de decisão: contributos conceptuais e interrogações

Processos e Modelos de Raciocínio na Tomada de Decisão: contributos concetuais e interrogações Dulce Magalhães - Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade de Évora Manuel Lopes - Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade de Évora Ana Fonseca - Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade de Évora Os enfermeiros que integram as equipas de unidades de cuidados hospitalares têm que prevenir, minimizar e corrigir situações clínicas instáveis. Em consequência disso defrontam-se diária e sistematicamente com a obrigatoriedade de tomar decisões no contexto da ação (Thompson & Dowding, 2005) e agir em conformidade. Eles têm que tomar decisões num espaço que não é reservado e que está confinado a uma teia de relações que acontecem entre o doente, a família e os restantes membros da equipa de saúde (Benner et al, 2011; Tanner, 2006, Lopes, 2006). Um espaço onde acontecem múltiplas interrupções que provêm de procedimentos de trabalho e exigências constantes de atenção a cada doente (Hedberg & Larsson, 2004; Potter et al, 2005; Wolf et al, 2006). São decisões processuais e multidimensionais que têm que considerar em simultâneo, o que deve ser feito, como deve ser feito e quando deve ser feito, no respeito da singularidade do doente e do seu contexto circundante (Gillespie, 2009). Esta dinâmica também está interligada com os dados clínicos que recorrentemente emergem, bem como à acessibilidade, multiplicidade e ambiguidade dos dados clínicos (Junnola et al, 2002; Carnevali &Thomas, 1993 Simmons, 2010), ao tempo de decisão e às decisões conflituosas (Thompson, 2004). São ambientes clínicos onde acontecem contingências, algumas delas aleatórias, que exigem que os enfermeiros independentemente dos níveis de proficiência sejam obrigados a tomar decisões complexas de forma rápida e precisa, para optimizar os resultados esperados (Curry & Botti, 2006). O conhecimento e o raciocínio que os enfermeiros usam na tomada de decisão são elementos, entre outros, que definem muito da prática profissional (Cody, 2006). Por isso, conscientes da realidade enunciada através da investigação que tem vindo a ser desenvolvida, foi nossa intenção analisar criticamente os modelos de decisão que têm expressão na literatura de enfermagem e que têm sido desenvolvidos em diferentes áreas do conhecimento (Concoran-Perry et al, 1999), no sentido de reconhecer o seu poder explicativo para a tomada de decisão dos enfermeiros. Alguns deles são apresentados numa estrutura normativa, outros numa descritiva e em função disso, podem dividir-se em duas categorias teóricas, sistemático-positivista e intuitivo-humanista (Thompson, 1999; Aitken, Marshall, Elliott & McKinley, 2007). As abordagens sistemático-positivistas sugerem que a tomada de decisão acontece num processo sequencial previamente definido e explicitado. Assentam no pressuposto que existe alguma atividade de análise ou de resolução de problemas em curso, para o enfermeiro tomar uma decisão. Nas abordagens intuitivo-humanistas a decisão é entendida no seio de um processo como um todo e no contexto de uma abordagem naturalista (Benner, 1984; Thompson, 1999). Elas podem ser diferenciadas, desde logo, a partir dos seus centros de interesse. Enquanto a primeira se interessa pelo número de dados e pelos processos de análise cognitiva para uma melhor decisão. A segunda dá primazia aos contextos relacionais e de comunicação com os doentes e serve-se da performance clínica para eleger as melhores ações.

Conversations with remarkable teachers an exploration of teaching as healing

Through analysis and interpretation of transcribed taped conversations with two remarkable University teachers, Joel Shack and Harry Whittier, an articulation of perception and metaphor that exists in effective teaching, emerges as life giving or transformational. Creative insight and interpretation connect teaching to life. This work demonstrates how insightful conversations about teaching relate to poetic essence (Joel), energy (Harry), and healing (Ray), all aspects of a similar perceptual, creative and transformative process. Teachers shape education and excellent teaching inspires insofar as it is inspirited. Effective teaching is highly conscious and intentional. So much depends on how aware the teacher is, how the teacher sees what s/he is doing and how this doing/teaching is received. The effective teacher, attentive to how this energy works, can provoke positive change in consciousness both in the student, in education and in society. My study draws attention to the healing power of the teacher as he/she teaches and to the process of dialogue as teachers talk about what they do and don't do. For inherent in conversation and dialogue is the desire to affirm whole perceptions of existence. Dialogue and conversation is necessary to creating the kind of consciousness that will aid the reflective and conscientious teacher. The effective teacher attempts to effect change, to make things better. I call this transforming process, healing. And what creates this healing is the life, the attitude and approach of the teacher. The teacher's energy and consciousness, the teacher's perception of meaning, is the active but implicit ingredient in this transformative and healing process. These conversations are creative, theoretical, illuminating and even practical. It is my hope that the contents of these conversations will inspire potential teachers who can consider the vocation of teaching as a healing process that promises to generate positive growth in mind, body and spirit.

The Impacts of Variety on the Costs and Profits of a Hotel Chain’s Properties

In the hotel industry, undistributed operating expenses represent a significant portion of the operating costs for a hotel. Exactly how most of these expenses arise is not well understood. Using data from more than 40 hotels operated by a major chain, the authors examine the links between the variety of a hotel’s products and customers and its undistributed operating expenses and revenues. Their findings show that undistributed operating expenses are related to the extent of the property’s business and product-services mix. The results suggest that although increasing a property's product-service mix results in higher undistributed operating expenses, the incremental costs are compensated for by higher revenues. However, increasing business mix while increasing undistributed operating expenses does not result in higher revenues.

Serving More Segments and Offering More Products: What Are the Costs and Where Are the Profits?

Making more money involves more than targeting new customer segments and offering new services.

TAG & RELEASE Volume 19, No. 1 March 2014

Tag & Release is the newsletter for the South Carolina Governor's Cup Billfishing Series, an official program of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism and the Harry R.E. Hampton Memorial Wildlife Fund.