Determinantes envolvidos na resposta imune celular humana à infecção por Leishmania infantum chagasi

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania donovani complex, whose infection has clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to active disease characterized by fever, cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly, and immunosuppression. The healing or protective immunity require an antigen-specific type 1. The Montenegro skin test (DTH) has been interpreted as a marker of protective immunity. However, there is no known correlation between the DTH response to type 1 and DTH and immunity of type 1 are maintained in the long term. Thus, a longitudinal study of 8 years, nested in a cohort family held in Brazil, documented the status of DTH and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to antigen-specific stimulation. This study was the interdisciplinary approach of physicians, biochemists, nutritionists, veterinary medicine, biology and statistics. The results show that 46.2% of subjects were analyzed DTH positive at baseline. The prevalence of positive and DTH induration size increased with age (p = 0.0021). 15.7% of individuals positive DTH "retro-converted" the negative and 50.4% (64) of individuals negative DTH became positive. The size of DTH induration was correlated significantly with the antigen-induced production of IFN-γ (r = 0.6186, p = 0.0001). IL-6 was secreted at higher levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals who "retro-converted" DTH positive to negative than individuals who remained stable DTH status (p = 0.005). Thus, IFN-γ produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, may be a surrogate marker for protective immunity instead of the DTH response. In addition, differences in innate immune response may determine whether individuals maintain or eliminate the infection by Leishmania infantum chagasi in asymptomatic patients

Efeitos de um extrato aquoso de porangaba (Cordia salicifolia) na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos com tecnécio-99m e na morfologia de hemácias

Effects of a Cordia salicifolia (porangaba) extract on the labeling of blood cells (BCs) with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and on the morphology of red BCs were evaluated. Labeling of cellular and molecular structures with (99m)Tc depends on a reducing agent. Some physical characteristics, as visible absorbance spectrum, electric conductivity, and refractive index of this porangaba extract, were also determined. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with porangaba extract or with 0.9% NaCl (control). Labeling of blood constituents with (99m)Tc was performed. Plasma (P) and BCs, both soluble (SF-P and SF-BC) and insoluble (IF-P and IF-BC) fractions, were separated. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted, and the percentage of radioactivity incorporated (%ATI) was calculated. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, and stained, and the morphology of the red BCs was evaluated. Data showed an absorbance peak at 480 nm and electric conductibility and refractive index concentration-dependent. Porangaba extract decreased significantly (P < .05) the BC, IF-P, and IF-BC %ATI, and no modifications were verified on the shape of red BCs. Analysis of the results reveals that some physical parameters could be useful to aid in characterizing the extract studied. Moreover, it is possible that chemical compounds of this extract could have chelating/redox actions or be capable of binding to plasma and/or cellular proteins

Um modelo analítico da qualidade da dieta de adolescentes estudantes da rede publica de ensino de Natal, Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

IL-10 na patogênese da infecção por Leishmania infantum

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Análise in vitro da atividade antifúngica e de toxicidade da anfotericina B pré-aquecida

The aim of this work was to evaluate how an aqueous micellar system containing Amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) can be rebuilt after heating treatment. Also a review of the literature about the new physicochemical and biological properties of this new system was carried out. Afterwards, heated (AmB-DOC-H) and unheated (AmB-DOC) micelles were subsequently diluted at four different concentrations (50mg.L-1, 5mg.L-1, 0.5mg.L-1 and 0.05mg.L-1) to perform the physicochemical study and, then, the pharmacotoxicity assay, in which two cell models were used for the in vitro experiments, Red Blood Cells (RBC) from human donors and Candida parapisilosis (Cp). While potassium (K+) and hemoglobin leakage from RBC were the used parameters to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity, respectively, the efficacy of AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H were assessed by K+ leakage and cell survival rate from Cp. The spectral study revealed a slight change on the aggregate peak from 327nm to 323nm for AmB-DOC-H compared to AmB-DOC. Concerning the toxicity, although AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H presented different behavior for hemoglobin leakage, AmB-DOC produced higher leakage than AmB-DOC-H at high concentrations (from 5mg.L-1) with values tending to zero. However, concerning K+ leakage, both AmB-DOC and AmB-DOC-H, showed similar profile for both cell models, RBC and Cp (p<0,05). AmB-DOC-H and AmB-DOC also revealed similar profile of activity against Cp with equivalent survival rate. In short, the AmB-DOC-H showed much less toxicity than AmB-DOC, but remained as active as the late one against fungal cell. Therefore, the results highlight the importance of this new procedure as a simple, inexpensive and safe alternative to produce a new kind of micelle system for treatment of systemic fungal infections

Estudo genético-clínico de mucopolissariodoses no estado do Ceará

As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) são doenças genéticas raras decorrente da deficiência de enzimas lisossomais envolvidas no catabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos, resultando em um amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas, progressivas e multissistêmicas, exigindo tratamento por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Embora o Nordeste brasileiro seja uma região com grande taxa de consangüinidade e um efeito fundador envolvendo MPS, não há estudos caracterizando os pacientes dessa região. Nosso objetivo foi determinar o perfil epidemiológico, clínico e genético de casos não publicados com MPS provenientes do Ceará, identificando as diferenças entre outros estudos com MPS e possíveis problemas a serem enfrentados para a realização do diagnóstico precoce. O estudo foi seccional, descritivo, com amostra de pacientes com MPS em acompanhamento no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin e Hospital Geral Cesar Cals no período de 2006-2013. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da avaliação clínica, revisão de prontuários médicos e entrevista com os pacientes e/ou familiares realizadas pelo investigador principal. Cinquenta e três pacientes foram incluídos no estudo (36 do sexo masculino), sendo 6 MPS I, 17 MPS II, 7 MPS III (3 MPSIII-A, 3 MPS III-B, 1 MPS III-C), 7 MPS IV-A, 16 de MPS VI. O óbito ocorreu em 16 casos (3 MPS I, MPS II 6, 1 MPS IIIA , IIIB 1MPS , 1 MPS IV , 4 MPS VI). A amostra foi composta principalmente por crianças. Houve elevada taxa de consangüinidade e recorrência familiar. Os tipos mais comuns foram MPS II e MPS VI. Exceto para macrossomia em MPS II, os dados de nascimento indicam que não houve risco para desenvolvimento de viii complicações perinatais. Os sintomas iniciaram em crianças com menos de 2 anos. As manifestações clínicas foram heterogêneas exceto para atraso no desenvolvimento neurológico em MPS III e manifestações esqueléticas em MPS IV. As principais características clínicas foram macrocefalia, baixa estatura, alterações odontológicas, respiratórias, cardíacas, hepatoesplenomegalia, hérnia umbilical, rigidez articular e anormalidades esqueléticas. A terapia de reposição enzimática foi instituída em 26 casos (4 MPS I, 10 MPS II, 12 MPS VI). Os problemas sócio-econômicos das famílias, o amplo espectro de sintomas e a gravidade da doença foram causas das dificuldades em realizar a avaliação periódica pela equipe multidisciplinar, além de exames complementares de maior custo para determinar as complicações da doença. Este foi o maior estudo transversal sobre MPS no Nordeste do Brasil. Em contraste com a maior incidência de MPS I na maioria das populações ocidentais, houve maior incidência de MPS II e VI. As alterações respiratórias foram um dos principais contribuintes para a mortalidade precoce, exceto nos casos de MPS I, em que a cardiomiopatia foi prevalente. A menor expectativa de vida ocorreu em MPS I. O envolvimento cognitivo foi comum em casos graves e o maior número de órgãos envolvidos representou maior risco de morrer. Para o diagnóstico precoce, deve-se buscar indivíduos afetados em famílias em que há parentes com MPS, além do maior reconhecimento de sinais e sintomas de MPS por profissionais de saúde

Desenvolvimento de microemulsões contendo fotoprotetores inorgânicos nanoparticulador

The inorganic actives, represented mainly by microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, have shown great potential to protect against large UV spectrum. The aim of this study is the development, characterization and analysis of stability in the short term of microemulsions containing inorganic fotoprotection agents. The microemulsions identified by the phases diagram containing the metallic oxides were produced by two different methods and subjected to the centrifugation test and thermal stress cycles, and subsequently characterized by macroscopic evaluation, test dilution, electrical conductivity, pH, particle size, and zeta potential. This study highlights the influence of the metal oxides addition in the structure and distribution of micelles in the microemulsions

Germination and mycelial growth of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho as influenced by herbicides and surfactants

Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho é um forte candidato para o controle de Euphorbia heterophylla L. (amendoim bravo). Este fungo pode ser aplicado em combinação com herbicidas para controlar um maior espectro de espécies daninhas. Para tanto, experimentos laboratoriais foram realizados para verificar a possibilidade da utilização de mistura de tanque de esporos de B. euphorbiae e herbicidas ou surfatantes recomendados para a cultura da soja. Crescimento micelial e germinação de conídios foram avaliados em meio BDA acrescido dos herbicidas, nas concentrações recomendadas dos produtos comerciais, oxasulfuron (80 g/ha), glifosato (4 L/ha), bentazon (1.5 L/ha), fomesafen (1 L/ha), chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g/ha), lactofen (1 L/ha) e imazetaphyr (1 L/ha) e dos surfatantes Energic (2 ml/L), Aterbane (2,5 ml/L), Silwet L-77Ag (1 ml/L), Herbitensil (2 ml/L) e Natur L'óleo (10 ml/L). Diluições dos herbicidas de 50% e 25% foram avaliadas com um consumo de calda equivalente a 300 L/ha. Os surfatantes foram somente utilizados nas concentrações recomendadas. O crescimento micelial não foi afetado por bentazon e fomesafen e apenas levemente por oxasulfuron. Porém, glifosato, chlorimuron-ethyl, lactofen, Energic, Herbitensil, Silwet, e Aterbane o reduziram drasticamente. A redução observada com imazetaphyr foi intermediária e Natur L' óleo promoveu o crescimento micelial. Na presença dos surfatantes, observou-se que todos permitiram uma porcentagem de germinação equivalente àquela alcançada na presença de água. Energic e Herbitensil causaram um retardamento expressivo. Com Herbitensil, o processo germinativo iniciou somente aos 120 minutos. Com herbicidas, foi observado que somente na presença de glifosato e imazetaphyr a germinação dos conídios não seguiu a tendência observada com água, como ocorreu com os outros produtos testados.

Alianças eleitorais em Natal (2008): O PT e seus aliados

Este estudo faz uma abordagem sobre as alianças eleitorais, destacando duas vertentes importantes nos processos de suas formações nas arenas políticas. Na primeira parte do trabalho é feita uma análise mais geral a respeito da problemática em questão. Onde dois ciclos políticos são analisados, apresentando o comportamento político-partidário dos partidos no Brasil. No primeiro ciclo, uma breve compreensão da política café-com-leite na República Velha, na qual, PRP e PRM dominam politicamente a arena nacional. O segundo ciclo, compreendido de 1945 a 1964, foram analisados os processos eleitorais estaduais e nacionais. Nestes, os resultados analíticos mostram o que refletem no comportamento político-partidário dos partidos do passado e do presente no país. Outro aspecto importante também abordado na primeira parte foi a verticalização das alianças eleitorais, a qual teve como objetivo impor harmonia partidária entre os partidos nas formações das alianças eleitorais. Revendo esse processo político, vimos que, a imposição da verticalização não resolveu o problema da inexistência harmônica dos partidos no ato da formação das alianças eleitorais tocante ao espectro ideológico. A segunda parte da pesquisa está dividida em duas partes. A primeira faz uma análise sobre a trajetória política do PT e suas políticas de alianças, que se inicia no V Encontro Nacional do Partido em 1987. Como consequência da expansão partidária, outras políticas de alianças são aprovadas pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores. Na segunda parte, é trabalhada as eleições municipais de 2008 em Natal, que observa analiticamente a campanha do PT e as alianças eleitorais realizadas pelo Partido para participar do pleito. Os velhos adversários políticos e oligárquicos formaram alianças com PT. Partido que nasceu combatendo as velhas práticas da política conservadora no nosso país, nos estados e nos municípios brasileiros

O amor em tempos de internet: as expectativas amorosas na rede social Badoo

This research aims to examine the phenomenon of sexual relations by observing the Social Network Badoo. As a means to achieve this objective, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted online. The main question is to understand how the amorous expectations in the liquid modernity are configured. Added to that, there is as analysis categories the insight about relationships and the love experiences provided by the use of the Social Network Badoo. There are three initial hypotheses: 1) a time of transition is experienced, in which the liquid love in the proposed terms by Bauman (2004) was gaining ground and, as consequence, the relationships would be presenting themselves shorter, more open and with another interactive proposals for the relations. 2) The consuming practices of the liquid modernity can interpellate the relational practices molding them according to your logic. 3) It is assumed that the reasoning, inherent to the market, of the use followed by the disposal settles itself in the social behavior and this practice is accentuated by technology, through the use of the internet for the establishment of romantic relationships.the empirical analysis shows that both the vision on relationships as the amorous expectations in liquid modernity have as references the model of solid loving relationship, inherent to the traditional modernity. However it also demonstrates that the romantic experiences and practices refer to the liquid relationship model. Therefore, from these statements it is argued that there is in liquid modernity the cohabitation of the liquid and solid models of romantic relationships. In summary, this research aims to understand the contemporary love relationships across the spectrum of relationships that develop on the Internet Social Network: Badoo

Max Stirner, o único e o que lhe é próprio: uma interpretação e(m) algun(s) ensaio(s)

This work has a study object the main thinking work of Johan Kaspar Schmidt well known as Max Stirner (1806-1856) - originally titled (in German), Der Einzige und sein Eigentun, and translated into Portuguese by the Portuguese publisher Antígona in 2004, under the title The Unique and its Ownership. This book was known in 1844 although its publication dated 1845 seen that the censor of that time rejected the publication request in that year - saying that ( ) in concrete passages of that work, not only God, Christ, the church and the religion are usually object of proposal blasphemy, but also because all social order, the state and the government are defined as something that should not exist simultaneously as one justifies the lie, perjury, the murder and suicide and denies the ownership right. After this first attack and rejection by its bearing the unique come to be others target, due practically to all the philosophical political thinkers its time including thinkers like Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in spite of, on the other hand, having inspired formulations and reformulations of many of those thinkers that were against then in their times, as well as those thinkers that came after then such as Nietzsche himself. Even though this work was be victim of powerful attempts of erasing it of history, it has shown a great repercussion power and that is the main reason that led us to ask the following questions what is its big originality? , how could his author arrive at a so impactant perspective? What is its most legitimate political place? We endeavored in elaborate answers to those questions trough the exegesis of its text, taking in account both the scholarship environment where the author produced his intellectual life set - and the detailed reading of texts linked to discussion in focus, where this reading is always based upon the meaning and senses traced by the texts and its contexts as a precaution against the limits and the traps of the readings which shed light markedly on strict letter of the phrases constructs. Ours conclusions point at to the idea that a work like this , that subverts the characteristic ways of thought of the modernity, completely, continues being a utter odds, without rank in the history of thought and the moderns political practices, finding parallel possibility only, in a very special way, with a certain autharchic perspective of Ancient Greece

O direito à informação jornalística: garantias constitucionais ao direito de ser informado no sistema brasileiro.

The freedom of social communication referred to those freedoms exercised under of the media. The journalism is professional activity responsible for factual information, real, pluralistic and of the public interest, directed diffusely to social orientation. The right of the information, characterized as diffuse right or of fruition by uncertain and numerous holders, is subdivided in the right of the inform, inform yourself and right to be informed. The journalists, as occupants of a enlarged spectrum concerning of right of the inform, have responsibility for the information they disseminate, devoir that puts on the basis of the constitutional right to be informed. This duty is divided with journalistic companies, when them realized. In the research, examined the existence of constitutional guarantees the right to be informed. To answer the question, realized research to support bibliographical and documentary. The guaranty is a empirical preoccupation coated with legality, since lends itself effect concretize a right. Traced so a panel of guarantees of institutional imprint, substantive and procedural. Treating of the institutional guarantees the right to information, it would refer to true institutions (as the free press) and may begin subjective rights. In the case of substantial guarantees, we would have access to information, the confidentiality of the fonts and the incensurable feature of journalistic information. A guarantee peculiar would be constitution of bodies responsible for monitoring the quality of the vehicles of communication. Trace it also a panel strict of procedural safeguards, such as public civil action, the security s warrant, and the rights of petition and answer.

Ideais formativos de homem da emissora de Educação Rural de Caicó (Rio Grande do Norte, 1963-1978)

Under the aegis of the third diocese bishop of Caicó, Dom Manuel Tavares de Araújo, the Broadcasting Station of Rural Education of that city was founded, in May 1 s" 1963 with the ideal of being then an educational city, preferentially for youths and adults, rural meu and women of the arca of Seridó in Rio Grande do Norte state. In the year of its 40th birthday (2003), we began the investigation of that radio station choosing as study object its educational and formative programming, in the inc1usion of the first fifteen years of its existence (1963-1978), period that reaches the official inauguration of the Radio Station and the end of the bishopric of its fOllllder as Bishop of Caicó. Elucidating and showing Man's formative ideaIs longed by that Catholic educational broadcasting station, underlying to its radiophonic programming, such as the idealization for it reached, is the objective of this Doctorate work. It was considered pertinent to discover the guidelines that historically have permeated the Social Doçtrine of the Catholic Church addressing its aggiornamento, especially in what concerns to the employment of the modern ways of communication for the distance with the aim of evangelizing and educating. In arder to understand the ideaIs of the investigated educational Radio, we have delimited the research to the thematic Catholic Church, means of social communication and base education. In face of the study object and the aim to be reached it was appealed, methodologically, to the notion of cultural action present in Certeau (1995), and to the understanding of educational formation backgrounded fIam the modern thinkers that discuss it. Such frame references have allowed us to analyze in a wider spectrum tl)e programming broadcasted on the air by the sound wavys of that educ(itional Çatholic Radio, as well as, the very acts of cultural idealizations that has orientated it in its foundations. The thesis here defended is that. the Radio, at procJaiming itself as a broadcasting station of rural education directed preferably to the rural sertanejo countrymen, without neglecting its admitted ends, has surpassed them in its overall range. It was identified an articulate approach of its programmatic modules with the guid,elines emanateq from the Catholic Teaching about the use of the. means of social communication. At conceiving, establishin,g and executing an ec1ectic programmatic and div,ersified grating, the Rural Radio of Caicó has transcended to a strict human-Christian formation to request the development of the human, spiritual and cQrporaldimensions, jointly. With suchprogramming, it addressed to the seridoenses as real meu and women inserted in the "sertanej.o" environment with effective structural and existential problems of alI types, induding the hunger, the thirst, the syndical organization, the cQoperativism, the colIective modero work and the absence of universalizing school education. Its radiophonic transmissions, I}lled by the demands of an enlarged, open, dialogic and responsible communication, wheneIllbracing dedicated modules to religious and catechetical emissions, to the entertainment, to the radiojoumalism, to the country root culture, and to the school education of b se for the modality of the School and of the radiophonic classes, subsumed to ideaIs that longed for the formation of a multifaceted and pluridimensional sertanejo Man; of men and women that, without abjuring the Catholicism, were able to understand, to dialogued and to live together with the general demands of a society in progressive mutation, whose economical, social, cultural and educational demands it IDade themselves to be felt through the sertão potiguar of the Serido region, equal way of the intemationalized world

Distribuição volumétrica e diâmetro de gotas de pontas de pulverização de energia hidráulica para controle de corda-de-viola

As pontas de pulverização são responsáveis pela formação das gotas, e cada ponta apresenta características próprias relacionadas ao espectro de gotas e perfil de deposição, específicas para determinados alvos. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar o diâmetro e a uniformidade das gotas e o perfil de distribuição volumétrica das pontas de pulverização AI 110015 e TTI 110015, bem como seu efeito sobre a mortalidade de corda-de-viola, com herbicida pré-emergente, associado ou não a adjuvantes. Avaliou-se o número de plantas emergidas e os pesos secos da parte aérea e radicular das plantas. Os perfis de distribuição volumétrica para a altura de 40 cm foram avaliados em mesa de deposição. A partir dos perfis de distribuição, simulou-se o padrão de deposição ao longo da barra de pulverização. O espectro do diâmetro de gotas foi determinado em analisador de tamanho de partículas por difração de luz laser . O herbicida diuron + hexazinona foi eficiente no controle em préemergência de corda-de-viola, podendo ser utilizado polimetil siloxano organomodificado ou óleo mineral como adjuvantes, associados às pontas de pulverização AI 110015 ou TTI 110015. O uso de adjuvantes proporcionou aumento no diâmetro mediano volumétrico e redução na porcentagem de gotas com diâmetro inferior a 100 µm. O espaçamento sugerido entre os bicos na barra de pulverização foi de 70 cm para o modelo AI 110015 e 80 cm para o modelo TTI 110015.

Detecção de Heterodera glycines em plantio de soja mediante espectrorradiometria no visível e infravermelho próximo

O ataque do nematóide de cisto da soja, Heterodera glycines, limita o potencial de expansão e maior produtividade de áreas plantadas com soja (Glycine Max). O conhecimento da distribuição espacial desse patógeno na lavoura é fundamental, para elaboração de estratégias de manejo. A área em estudo estava localizada em lavoura de soja, variedade BRS133, localizada no Município de Florínea, SP, com solos naturalmente infestados por H. glycines. Foram obtidas medidas de espectrorradiometria de campo, 112 dias após o plantio, nas regiões do visível e do infravermelho próximo do espectro eletromagnético, a fim de se conhecer o padrão da resposta espectral de plantas atacadas pelo fitonematóide. Paralelamente, foram retiradas amostras de solo e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Nematologia, Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Jaboticabal, onde foram processadas para determinação da densidade populacional do nematóide. As medidas do espectrorradiômetro foram transformadas em índice vegetativo, com diferença normalizada (NDVI), que foi relacionado com a densidade populacional do nematóide, peso da matéria fresca e número de vagens por planta. Observou-se que diferentes densidades de população estão diretamente relacionados com a resposta espectral das plantas expressa, através dos valores do NDVI.