Caracterização ambiental de bancos areno-lamosos nos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry

Distribuição regional da ventilação pulmonar em indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca crônica após serem submetidos a um programa de treinamento da musculatura inspiratória e sua correlação com dados funcionais

Introduction: Chagas Disease is a serious public health problem, with 5 million infected individuals in Brazil. Of these, approximately 30% develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), where the main symptoms are fatigue and dyspnea. Objective: To correlate maximal exercise capacity with pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength and quality of life in patients with CCC. Methodology: Twelve individuals suffering from CCC were evaluated (7 men), with a mean age of 54.91± 8.60 years and the following inclusion criteria: functional class II and III according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA); left ventricle ejection fraction below 45%; clinical stability (> 3 months); symptom duration > 1 year, body mass index (BMI) < 35Kg/m2 and non-smokers or ex-smokers with a history of smoking <10 packs/day. All subjects were submitted to spirometry, manometer testing, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and a quality of life questionnaire (Minnesota). Results: A negative correlation was observed between VO2máx and MLHFQ scores (r=-0.626; p=0.03) and a positive association with MIP (r=0.713; p=0.009). Positive correlations were also recorded between MIP and spirometric variables [FEV1(r=0.825;p=0.001 ), FVC(r=0.66;p=0.01 and FEF25-75%(r=0.639;p=0.02)]. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that in patients with CCC: VO2MAX is directly related to inspiratory muscle strength and quality of life, while deteriorating lung function is directly associated with respiratory muscle weakness

Distribuição espacial de Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na cultura de citros

O estudo da distribuição espacial de pragas é fundamental para elaboração de planos de amostragem para o uso do manejo integrado de pragas. Para o afídeo Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), estudou-se a distribuição espacial em talhões de pomares de citros comerciais de laranja-doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] da variedade Pêra, com 5; 9 e 15 anos de idade, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a abril de 2005. Foram realizadas 14 amostragens de número de T. citricida em intervalos aproximados de 15 dias entre as mesmas, utilizando-se de armadilhas adesivas de cor amarela (0,11 x 0,11 m) fixadas à planta, a 1,5 m de altura aproximadamente. As armadilhas foram distribuídas na área, a cada cinco plantas na linha, em linhas alternadas, totalizando 137 armadilhas no talhão com 5 anos, 140 no talhão com 9 anos e 80 no talhão com 15 anos. Os índices de dispersão utilizados foram: razão variância média (I), índice de Morisita (Idelta), coeficiente de Green (Cx) e expoente k da distribuição Binomial Negativa. O índice que melhor representou a agregação do pulgão foi o expoente k da distribuição Binomial Negativa, e a distribuição binomial negativa foi o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados. Através destas análises, verificou-se que a maioria das amostragens apresentou uma distribuição agregada da população de T. citricida.

Ideais formativos de homem da emissora de Educação Rural de Caicó (Rio Grande do Norte, 1963-1978)

Under the aegis of the third diocese bishop of Caicó, Dom Manuel Tavares de Araújo, the Broadcasting Station of Rural Education of that city was founded, in May 1 s" 1963 with the ideal of being then an educational city, preferentially for youths and adults, rural meu and women of the arca of Seridó in Rio Grande do Norte state. In the year of its 40th birthday (2003), we began the investigation of that radio station choosing as study object its educational and formative programming, in the inc1usion of the first fifteen years of its existence (1963-1978), period that reaches the official inauguration of the Radio Station and the end of the bishopric of its fOllllder as Bishop of Caicó. Elucidating and showing Man's formative ideaIs longed by that Catholic educational broadcasting station, underlying to its radiophonic programming, such as the idealization for it reached, is the objective of this Doctorate work. It was considered pertinent to discover the guidelines that historically have permeated the Social Doçtrine of the Catholic Church addressing its aggiornamento, especially in what concerns to the employment of the modern ways of communication for the distance with the aim of evangelizing and educating. In arder to understand the ideaIs of the investigated educational Radio, we have delimited the research to the thematic Catholic Church, means of social communication and base education. In face of the study object and the aim to be reached it was appealed, methodologically, to the notion of cultural action present in Certeau (1995), and to the understanding of educational formation backgrounded fIam the modern thinkers that discuss it. Such frame references have allowed us to analyze in a wider spectrum tl)e programming broadcasted on the air by the sound wavys of that educ(itional Çatholic Radio, as well as, the very acts of cultural idealizations that has orientated it in its foundations. The thesis here defended is that. the Radio, at procJaiming itself as a broadcasting station of rural education directed preferably to the rural sertanejo countrymen, without neglecting its admitted ends, has surpassed them in its overall range. It was identified an articulate approach of its programmatic modules with the guid,elines emanateq from the Catholic Teaching about the use of the. means of social communication. At conceiving, establishin,g and executing an ec1ectic programmatic and div,ersified grating, the Rural Radio of Caicó has transcended to a strict human-Christian formation to request the development of the human, spiritual and cQrporaldimensions, jointly. With suchprogramming, it addressed to the seridoenses as real meu and women inserted in the "sertanej.o" environment with effective structural and existential problems of alI types, induding the hunger, the thirst, the syndical organization, the cQoperativism, the colIective modero work and the absence of universalizing school education. Its radiophonic transmissions, I}lled by the demands of an enlarged, open, dialogic and responsible communication, wheneIllbracing dedicated modules to religious and catechetical emissions, to the entertainment, to the radiojoumalism, to the country root culture, and to the school education of b se for the modality of the School and of the radiophonic classes, subsumed to ideaIs that longed for the formation of a multifaceted and pluridimensional sertanejo Man; of men and women that, without abjuring the Catholicism, were able to understand, to dialogued and to live together with the general demands of a society in progressive mutation, whose economical, social, cultural and educational demands it IDade themselves to be felt through the sertão potiguar of the Serido region, equal way of the intemationalized world

A luta do Bispo Dom José de Medeiros Delgado por educação escolar para todos (Caicó-RN, 1941-1951)

The socioeducational program of actions developed by Dom José de Medeiros Delgado, first Bishop of Diocese of Caicó city in Rio Grande do Norte, from 1941 to 1951, is analyzed by the present work in a historical perspective, based upon the school culture refecence.Through this reference point, the general and peculiar school culture proper of catholic schools founded by Dom Delgado was learned.The schools are: the Ginásio Diocesano Seridoense (1942), the Escola Doméstica Popular Darci Vargas (1943, the Prevocacional School of Caicó (1944) and the Santo Cura d ars Seminar (1946). The socioeducational actions of Dom Delgado Bishop affected seven other towns surrounding Caicó. Places where catholic schools were founded and named after Escola do Pobre . In fight for schools for all social segments of city and rural natures, Dom Delgado founded four rural schools in the surroundings of Serra Negra, São João do Sabugi, Jardim do Seridó e Lagoa Nova. It is also part of his beneficial work the creation of rural cooperatives for the parents of the students from such schools

Desenvolvimento de mudas de Tabeluia chrysotricha em função de substratos e de soluções de fertirrigação

The work aimed to study the development of Tabebuia chrysotricha Standl. seedlings injunction of different substrate and different fertilization solutions. To compose the substrate it was used fibrous and granulated coconut fiber obtaining the following treatments: S1- 100% fibrous, S2- 60% fibrous and 40% granulated, S3- 40% fibrous and 60% granulated and S4- 100% granulated. The basis fertilization was the same for all treatments and the solutions of fertilization varied in order to obtain solutions with the following electric conductivities: EC1- 1.06 dS m(-1), EC2- 2.12 dS m(-1), EC3- 3.2 dS m(-1) and EC4- 4.25 dS m(-1). The propagative material was sowed directly in plastic containers (120mL) with the respective substrates. The fertilization was received through sub irrigation once a week, until the seedlings reached 20cm of height approximately. The chemical analyses of the substrate (EC and pH), through aqueous extraction method 1:1.5 (1 substrate: 1.5 deionized water), the analyses of aerial part height, stein diameter and pairs true leaves number, as well as the weight of total dry, matter, were accomplished each 15 days. In almost every analysis, the substrate with granulated coconut fiber, as well as the smallest EC (1.06 e 2.12 dS m(-1)) of fertilization solutions,formed seedlings with higher averages, indicating faster growth. In the conditions of this experiment, the production of T. chrysotricha seedlings was better in granulated coconut fiber substrate and fertilizer solutions with EC of 1.06 dS m(-1), appreciating the estimated characteristics.

Extração automatica de feições rodoviáris em imagens digitais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modos de aplicação de calcário e de micronutrientes em pomar de laranjeira 'Natal' e análise comparativa de custos

De acordo com o Agrianual (2005), a produção citrícola brasileira é de 17,7 milhões de toneladas ano-1,ocupando aproximadamente 1 milhão de hectares no território brasileiro e, deste total, 810 mil hectares localizam-se no Estado de São Paulo. A maioria dos solos brasileiros, inclusive aqueles onde foram instalados os pomares cítricos, apresenta reação ácida. Esta é, sem dúvida, a principal condição desfavorável dos solos e um dos fatores limitantes da produção em solos tropicais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de diferentes modos de aplicação de calcário e de micronutrientes e analisar, de forma comparativa, os custos destes tratamentos em um pomar de laranjeira. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Morumbi, município de Estrela D'Oeste-SP, num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. A variedade de laranjeira utilizada foi a 'Natal', enxertada em limão Cravo, com 6 anos de idade e espaçamento 5 x 8 m. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com 3 repetições, com 5 tratamentos principais (sem calcário; a necessidade total de calcário (NC) incorporado; NC sem incorporação; ¹/2 NC no primeiro ano + ¹/2 NC no segundo ano e ¹/3 NC no primeiro ano, + ¹/3 NC no segundo ano, + ¹/3 NC no terceiro ano) e dois tratamentos secundários [micronutrientes via solo (FTE-BR 12: 11,5 % de ZnO e B2O3; 1% CuO; 5,4% de Fe2O3; 5,5% de MnO2; 0,2% de MoO3) e micronutrientes via foliar (sulfato de zinco a 0,5% e ácido bórico a 0,08%)], distribuídos em blocos casualizados. Não houve efeito significativo dos modos de aplicação da calagem e de micronutrientes sobre as variáveis avaliadas (produção, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável). Para massa média do fruto, o efeito significativo aconteceu apenas no primeiro ano, com a calagem em dose única e sem incorporação, e micronutrientes via solo. Concluiu-se que não houve efeito significativo dos modos de aplicação do calcário e dos micronutrientes para produção e massa média dos frutos da laranjeira 'Natal', e a receita líquida foi positiva em todos os tratamentos, sendo que o tratamento 5 [¹/3 da necessidade total de calcário (NC) no 1º ano + ¹/3 da NC no 2º ano, + ¹/3 da NC no 3º ano] apresentou o melhor valor acumulado (U$ 3.721,85 ha-1).

Prevalência de incontinência urinária e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a geriatric syndrome that is especially prevalent in institutionalized individuals, and that causes economic and social impacts derived from treatment costs and overload of caregiver. UI also entails physical consequences to the health of the elderly, such as urinary tract infections or pressure ulcers, among other health problems. However, the existing national research on this condition is still scarce and comprises serious methodological biases. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated factors in institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study is presented herein, conducted between October and December, 2013 and carried out in 10 nursing homes in the city of Natal (Northeast Brazil). UI was verified through the program Minimum Data Set version 3.0, which was also used to assess fecal incontinence, urinary devices and UI control programs. Data collection included sociodemographic information, UI characterization, as well as variables related to the institution itself and to health conditions (comorbidities, medication, pelvic floor surgery, Barthel Index for functional capacity and Pfeiffer test for cognitive status). Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square Test (or Fisher‟s Exact Test) and the Linear Chi-Square Test, calculating the prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval. Variables with p value under 0.20 were included in the multivariate analysis, which was performed using the Stepwise Forward logistic regression. The inclusion of variables in the final model depended on the likelihood ratio test, absence of multicollinearity and on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Six (1.8%) hospitalized elderly, one individual in palliative care (0.3%) and one (0.3%) individual under the age of 60 were excluded from the study. The final sample consisted of 321 elderly, mostly females, with a mean age of 81.5 years. The prevalence of UI was 59.43% and the final model revealed statistically a significant association between UI and white race, physical inactivity, stroke, mobility constraints and cognitive decline. The most frequent UI type was functional UI due to physical or cognitive disability, and incontinence control measures were applied only to a minority of residents (approximately 8%). It is concluded that UI is a health issue that affects more than half of the institutionalized elderly, and is associated with white race, physical inactivity, stroke and other geriatric syndromes such as immobility and cognitive disability. Most of these associated factors are modifiable and therefore the findings of this study highlight the importance of UI prevention and treatment in nursing homes, which include general measures, such as physical and psychosocial activities, and specific measures, such as prompted voiding

Efeito da recuperação na máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo

The objective of this study was to compare the power corresponding to maximal lactate steady state determined through continuous (MLSSC) and intermittent protocol with active recovery (MLSSI). Ten trained male cyclists (25 +/- 4 yr., 72.5 +/- 10.6 kg, 178.5 +/- 4.0 cm), performed the following tests on a cycle ergometer: (1) incremental test until voluntary exhaustion to determine the maximal power (Pmax); (2) two to five constant workload tests to determine MLSSC, and; 3) two to three constant workload tests to determine MLSSI, consisting on eight repetitions of four minutes interspersed by two minutes of recovery at 50% Pmax. The MLSSC (273.2 +/- 21.4 W) was significantly lower than MLSSI (300.5 +/- 23.9 W). With base on these data, it can be verified that the intermittent exercise mode utilized in this study, allows an increase of 10% approximately, in the exercise intensity corresponding to MLSS.

Floral biology and late-acting self-incompatibility in Jacaranda racemosa (Bignoniaceae)

Breeding-system studies have been conducted with 38 of the approximately 800 species of Bignoniaceae, and self-incompatibility was found in 31 of these. In species for which the site of self-incompatibility barrier was studied, self-pollinated flowers consistently failed to develop into fruits, even though pollen tubes grew down to the ovary and penetrated most of the ovules. In this study, we have investigated the. oral biology and the breeding system in Jacaranda racemosa Chamisso, with hand-pollination experiments and the histology of post-pollination events. Flower anthesis lasted 1-3 days, and although the frequency of flower visitation was extremely low, natural pollination seemed to be effected mainly by medium-sized bees. Because the conspicuous staminodium favours eventual pollination by small bees, a possible role of the staminodium in the increase of potential pollinators is suggested. Hand-pollinations indicated that J. racemosa is a self-sterile species. Histological analysis of post-pollination events indicated the occurrence of a kind of late-acting self-incompatibility in which the processes of ovule penetration, fertilisation and endosperm initiation were slower in selfed than in crossed pistils. Until the time of self-pollinated pistil abscission, no signs of endosperm malfunction or proembryo development were observed in selfed pistils. Therefore, inbreeding depression is an unlikely explanation for self-sterility in J. racemosa.

Características biométricas de mudas de Tabebula chrysotricha(standl.) formadas em diferentes substratos e soluções de fertirrigação, quando plantadas em campo

Este trabalho objetivou estudar as características biométricas de plantas de ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia chrysotricha Standl.) formadas, na fase de viveiro, em função de quatro substratos, variando as soluções de fertirrigação. Para compor os substratos, foram utilizadas fibras de coco fibrosa e granulada, formando os tratamentos 100% fibrosa, 60% fibrosa e 40% granulada, 40% fibrosa e 60% granulada e 100% granulada. A adubação de base foi igual em todos os tratamentos, e as soluções de adubação variaram, a fim de se obterem soluções completas com condutividades elétricas de 1,06 dS m-1; 2,12 dS m-1; 3,2 dS m-1; e 4,24 dS m¹. As sementes foram colocadas diretamente nos tubetes (120 mL) contendo os respectivos substratos e receberam as fertirrigações por subsuperfície uma vez por semana, respeitando-se os tratamentos de adubação. Quando as mudas atingiram aproximadamente 20 cm de altura, elas foram realocadas sob tela de 9% de sombreamento, onde permaneceram até o plantio, em Taubaté, SP. Mudas produzidas em fibra de coco 100% granulada alcançaram, em campo, maiores alturas, diâmetros de coleto e número de folhas. Apesar das diferentes soluções de fertirrigação aplicadas, as alturas de parte aérea se igualaram a partir dos 167 dias após o plantio em campo. Recomendase a produção de mudas de ipê-amarelo (T. chrysotricha) em substratos contendo fibra de coco granulada e soluções de fertirrigação com condutividade elétrica de 1,06 dS m-1.

Designing a modified Hopfield network to solve an Economic Dispatch problem with nonlinear cost function

Economic Dispatch (ED) problems have recently been solved by artificial neural networks approaches. In most of these dispatch models, the cost function must be linear or quadratic. Therefore, functions that have several minimum points represent a problem to the simulation since these approaches have not accepted nonlinear cost function. Another drawback pointed out in the literature is that some of these neural approaches fail to converge efficiently towards feasible equilibrium points. This paper discusses the application of a modified Hopfield architecture for solving ED problems defined by nonlinear cost function. The internal parameters of the neural network adopted here are computed using the valid-subspace technique, which guarantees convergence to equilibrium points that represent a solution for the ED problem. Simulation results and a comparative analysis involving a 3-bus test system are presented to illustrate efficiency of the proposed approach.