997 resultados para Interação espacial
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Apresentamos a primeira experiência crucial de Ampère mostrando a interação entre dois fios metálicos conduzindo correntes elétricas. Discutimos sua importância na história da física. Descrevemos uma reprodução moderna dos procedimentos e observações de Ampère com materiais de baixo custo.
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This study s main goal is to analyze the way the limits between Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states, the so called Grossos matter, has been associated to the norte-rio-grandense spacial and identity formation during the first republic period. Thus, a consistet number of sources: RN and CE old newspapers, as well as a república from Natal and Fortaleza and o mossoroense ; historical drafts from the historical and geographical institute associated and historical, gographical and anthropological institute of Ceará; the Ação Cível Originária de nº 6 from the supreme federal tribunal and many other cartographies. The documents haven t been hierarchized, neither accepted as proof effects, but understood as the base matter for this text composition by the deconstruction of the analyzed discusses. In order to do that the ablação or bricolagem method, without quotations marks or long quotations themselves, has been used. Along the three analyzed charpters: the two phases the litigious was found, since its beginning yet in the XVIII century until 1888 and its return within the republic proclamation, in the 1920 resolution; the development of the documental, historical and identity dispute between IHGA-CE and IHG-RN; and, at last, the political game existing between the Albuquerque Maranhão oligarchy , Manuel Pereira Reis and Rui Barbosa, explaining the intentions, silent and miths built along the time by these intellectual participations
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Em meio às intervenções políticas, econômicas e administrativas realizadas no Brasil a partir de 1750, é possível observar como se deram as tentativas de organização da capitania de São José do Piauhy e até mesmo o seu reconhecimento como importante área pecuarista da colônia. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um recorte espacial priorizando a região em que a apropriação territorial teria se dado de forma mais diversa em tal capitania, pois além dos procedimentos de aquisição de sesmarias, existiram ainda os processos de herança e confisco. Sobre estes últimos, os mesmos incidiram sobre as fazendas que pertenceram ao sertanista baiano Domingos Afonso Mafrense, e que após serem deixadas de herança para os religiosos da Companhia de Jesus (1711), foram confiscadas pela Coroa Portuguesa (1759). Isso aconteceu em meio ao planejamento e execução de medidas governamentais que atingiram todos os domínios portugueses durante esse período, a chamada Política Pombalina. Tais intervenções administrativas, por sua vez, puderam ser analisadas tomando-se como referência a confecção da primeira representação cartográfica destinada a tal capitania, o Mappa Geográfico da Capitania do Piauhy, produzido pelo engenheiro italiano Henrique Antônio Galúcio. Deste modo, considerando-se as particularidades da política portuguesa destinada ao interior do Brasil, em meados do séc. XVIII, com destaque para as medidas incidentes sobre os modos de vida indígena e rural, observou-se a tentativa de implantar-se uma nova forma de organização espacial, a partir de modos e instalações urbanas. Neste contexto, São José do Piauhy passa a ser alvo de intensas investidas enquanto área oficialmente pertencente ao Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão
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Correntes teóricas presentes na literatura científica têm demonstrado a importância das relações interpessoais para o processo de construção do conhecimento. É no contexto da interação professor e aluno que se configura a relação entre as necessidades educacionais dos alunos e as respostas pedagógicas a elas disponibilizadas, o que envolve o domínio do conhecimento pelo professor, sua capacitação técnico-científica, a competência de ensinar pesquisando, as características sócio-culturais e o perfil psicológico dos atores sociais envolvidos- professor e aluno. Buscando melhor compreender este universo, elaborou-se este estudo que teve como objetivo descrever as interações ocorridas entre uma professora, e seus alunos, em classes em que se propunha adotar uma prática pedagógica inclusiva. Os dados foram coletados em 2 salas de aula, em escola estadual de Ensino Fundamental, no município de Bauru. O processo de coleta de dados se deu através do registro da realidade de sala de aula em vídeo tape. Optou-se por este método, por permitir a recuperação posterior dos dados. A coleta se deu no transcorrer do 1º semestre do ano letivo de 2001. A análise fundamentou-se em sistema prévio de categorias, e tratou os dados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os resultados demonstraram peculiaridades e diferenças nas interações da professora com os seus alunos, em função da presença ou ausência da deficiência. Indicaram, também, que a interação vem demonstrando avanços na prática educacional, no que diz respeito à atenção pedagógica, da professora, ao aluno com deficiência.
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Present day weather forecast models usually cannot provide realistic descriptions of local and particulary extreme weather conditions. However, for lead times of about a small number of days, they provide reliable forecast of the atmospheric circulation that encompasses the subscale processes leading to extremes. Hence, forecasts of extreme events can only be achieved through a combination of dynamical and statistical analysis methods, where a stable and significant statistical model based on prior physical reasoning establishes posterior statistical-dynamical model between the local extremes and the large scale circulation. Here we present the development and application of such a statistical model calibration on the besis of extreme value theory, in order to derive probabilistic forecast for extreme local temperature. The dowscaling applies to NCEP/NCAR re-analysis, in order to derive estimates of daily temperature at Brazilian northeastern region weather stations
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The processing of spatial and episodic information during memory tasks depends on hippocampal theta oscillations. In the present study, I investigated the relationship between theta power and choice selection during spatial decision-making. I recorded local field potentials from the CA1 region of rats retrieving reward locations in a 4-arm maze. In trained but not in naïve animals, I observed a significant increase in theta power during decision-making, which could not be explained by changes in locomotion speed. Furthermore, a Bayesian decoder based on theta power predicted choice outcomes in speed-matched trials. The decoding time course revealed that performance increased above chance before the decision moment exclusively for theta power, remaining flat for other frequency bands. These results occurred for trained animals, but no significant prediction could be made for naïve animals. Altogether, the data support a mnemonic function of theta rhythm during spatial decision-making, indicating that these oscillations correlate with the retrieval of memories required for successful decisions
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Timeplace learning is the capacity of organisms to associate both space and time with a biological relevant stimulus such as food. Experiments are usually done with food restricted animals due to the belief that food system activation is necessary for timeplace learning. Another line of thought suggest that, in addition to food system activation, response cost should be increased to effectively allow timeplace discrimination. The purpose of this experiment was to test whether a complex environment, which presumably implied in a heightened response cost, would facilitate timeplace association in satiated rats using a highly palatable food as reward. Nine rats were trained in a timeplace task for 30 nonconsecutive days. A large experimental box (1x1m) divided in four compartments was used. To access each compartment the animal had to overcome a series of obstacles such as ramps, staircases and mazes. Two feeders localized in opposite compartments were rewarded with sunflower seeds in two daily sessions. One feeder offered the reward during the morning sessions while the second feeder in afternoon sessions. After the 15th day of training, the animals began to show a preference for the correct feeder during the correct time of day expressed by increased frequency of visits as well as lower latency to access the feeders. These results suggest that satiated animals are also capable of learning a timespace task as far as the experimental context is complex enough to result in a higher response cost
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Estudos têm mostrado a importância das interações sociais desencadeadas em sala de aula como fundamentais para a aprendizagem dos alunos. Contudo, o professor deve ser capaz de motivar os estudantes para se envolverem mais ativamente com as atividades de ensino propostas. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre as interações sociais desenvolvidas no contexto de uma sala de aula do Ensino Médio, que explicou os princípios da conservação da energia mecânica com uma aula experimental de demonstração. O principal objetivo era entender como o discurso do professor pode contribuir para o bom nível de motivação do aluno durante uma aula. As entrevistas com professor e alunos e todo o processo de interação durante as atividades foram gravados, transcritos e analisados . Os resultados ressaltam a importância da abordagem discursiva dos professores para manter o processo de motivação entre os alunos.
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The ability to predict future rewards or threats is crucial for survival. Recent studies have addressed future event prediction by the hippocampus. Hippocampal neurons exhibit robust selectivity for spatial location. Thus, the activity of hippocampal neurons represents a cognitive map of space during navigation as well as during planning and recall. Spatial selectivity allows the hippocampus to be involved in the formation of spatial and episodic memories, including the sequential ordering of events. On the other hand, the discovery of reverberatory activity in multiple forebrain areas during slow wave and REM sleep underscored the role of sleep on the consolidation of recently acquired memory traces. To this date, there are no studies addressing whether neuronal activity in the hippocampus during sleep can predict regular environmental shifts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of neuronal populations in the hippocampus during sleep sessions intercalated by spatial exploration periods, in which the location of reward changed in a predictable way. To this end, we performed the chronic implantation of 32-channel multielectrode arrays in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus in three male rats of the Wistar strain. In order to activate different neuronal subgroups at each cycle of the task, we exposed the animals to four spatial exploration sessions in a 4-arm elevated maze in which reward was delivered in a single arm per session. Reward location changed regularly at every session in a clockwise manner, traversing all the arms at the end of the daily recordings. Animals were recorded from 2-12 consecutive days. During spatial exploration of the 4-arm elevated maze, 67,5% of the recorded neurons showed firing rate differences across the maze arms. Furthermore, an average of 42% of the neurons showed increased correlation (R>0.3) between neuronal pairs in each arm. This allowed us to sort representative neuronal subgroups for each maze arm, and to analyze the activity of these subgroups across sleep sessions. We found that neuronal subgroups sorted by firing rate differences during spatial exploration sustained these differences across sleep sessions. This was not the case with neuronal subgroups sorted according to synchrony (correlation). In addition, the correlation levels between sleep sessions and waking patterns sampled in each arm were larger for the entire population of neurons than for the rate or synchrony subgroups. Neuronal activity during sleep of the entire neuronal population or subgroups did not show different correlations among the four arm mazes. On the other hand, we verified that neuronal activity during pre-exploration sleep sessions was significantly more similar to the activity patterns of the target arm than neuronal activity during pre-exploration sleep sessions. In other words, neuronal activity during sleep that precedes the task reflects more strongly the location of reward than neuronal activity during sleep that follows the task. Our results suggest that neuronal activity during sleep can predict regular environmental changes
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The focus of this dissertation is the study of work activities developed in the context of professional occupations characterized by varied previous schooling levels amongst those that work in them, and, at the same time, a high degree of complexity related to the typical tasks performed in the context of such professional practices. This dissertation intends to investigate the cook s professional activity, based on data from a determined specific professional genre in Natal (RN), in order to establish aspects related not only to the activity performed (activity which manifests itself empirically in registered behaviors), but also related to the real aspects of the work activity, that also compromises the non-realized options of the guiding of professional activity, be it by a matter of choice, be it due to the activity s own impediment. In this context, we tried to evaluate how much the professional activity observed keeps in relation to the reference practices of the professional genre, be it in terms of conformity, be it in terms of innovation (stylization) in relation to this genre. In addition, we tried to verify the contribution of the school and extra-school knowledge to the professional activity observed. Such work plan took on a preliminary step of the description of the socialprofessional profile of a cook in the city of Natal (RN), followed by a step of clinical labor approach, specifically utilizing as a methodological tool the simple and crossed self-confrontation procedure guided by the francophone theoretical referential of the Activity Clinic. The preliminary step in the description of profile of cooks from Natal (RN), of which 138 cooks took part in, evidenced three professional groupings, all predominantly masculine in their composition and fundamentally differentiated amongst each other by the time of professional activity, schooling type and time, work place and salary. The clinical approach step, composed by a pair of cooks, allowed us to verify elements of the cooks subordination to the professional genre, but also evidences of individual innovation (stylization) by these cooks, as well as the predominance of usage of extra-school knowledge when compared to school knowledge. We tried, in this step, to demonstrate how much the inclusion and submission to the genre dynamic, coordinated with the stylization initiatives, was able to contribute to the maintenance and amplification of the cook s power of acting in his professional practice.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Os atributos físicos do solo têm se mostrado de grade interesse para a agricultura contemporânea, uma vez que refletem decisivamente sobre a produtividade vegetal. em 2006, no campus da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Unesp, analisouse a produtividade do feijoeiro (PG) no sistema plantio direto irrigado, a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RP), a densidade do solo (DS) e as umidades gravimétrica (UG) e volumétrica (UV) em profundidade, num LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico. O objetivo foi determinar as correlações lineares e espaciais, entre os atributos estudados, visando selecionar um indicador da qualidade física do solo de boa representatividade para a PG. Foi instalada a malha, para a coleta de dados contendo 135 pontos amostrais, numa área de 7.500 m². A correlação linear entre a produtividade de grãos com os atributos do solo foi baixa. As de melhor correlação com a PG foram a DS1 e RP1. Contudo, do ponto de vista espacial, houve significativa correlação inversa entre a PG e DS1. Portanto, no presente trabalho, dentre os atributos estudados, a DS, avaliada na camada de 0-0,10 m, apresentou-se como o melhor indicador da qualidade física de um Latossolo de Selvíria, quando destinado à produtividade de grãos de feijão.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O uso e manejo do solo e da cultura são importantes condicionadores da variabilidade de atributos do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Selvíria (MS), com o objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade espacial do pH, potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e saturação por bases (V) em Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes usos e manejos. Os solos foram amostrados em malha, com intervalos regulares de 2 m, perfazendo o total de 64 pontos, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m, nas seguintes áreas: vegetação natural (Cerrado), plantio direto, plantio convencional e pastagem. As maiores variabilidades, medidas por meio do coeficiente de variação, foram observadas para K, Mg e Ca; o pH apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação nos diferentes usos e manejo do solo, e o atributo V, coeficiente de variação médio. Os sistemas preparo convencional e pastagem apresentaram os menores alcances quando comparado aos sistemas Cerrado e plantio direto.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)