Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS/Usa Balbina Mestrinho, Manaus/Am.

Duany Miranda, Carlos Rafael. Melhoria da atenção à saúde da pessoa com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou diabetes mellitus na USA Balbina Mestrinho, Manaus/AM. 2015. 94 folhas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o Diabetes Mellitus são doenças crônicas frequentes na atualidade. São responsáveis pela primeira causa de mortalidade e de hospitalizações no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e representam, ainda, mais da metade do diagnóstico primário em pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica submetida à diálise. As complicações agudas e crônicas do diabetes causam alta morbimortalidade e altos custos para os sistemas de saúde. Essa multiplicidade de consequências as colocam na origem de muitas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e, portanto, caracterizam-se como causas de maior redução da expectativa e da qualidade de vida. Diante desse cenário uma intervenção pela equipe de saúde da Unidade de Saúde Ambulatorial Balbina Mestrinho no Bairro Cidade Nova, Manaus Amazonas, com o objetivo de melhorar a atenção à pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus com 20 anos ou mais nessa unidade, melhorar a qualidade da atenção e o registro de informações, melhorar a adesão, manter ficha de acompanhamento de 100% dos hipertensos e diabéticos cadastrados, mapear hipertensos e diabéticos de risco para doença cardiovascular e promover ações de educação em saúde para eles. Foi desenvolvida no período de março a junho de 2015 (16 semanas). As ações desenvolvidas durante a intervenção foram descritas conforme cada um dos eixos programáticos do curso (qualificação da prática clínica, engajamento público, monitoramento e avaliação e organização e gestão do serviço). Conseguiu-se cadastrar e acompanhar 267 hipertensos e 189 diabéticos. Embora a cobertura não tenha sido alta 6,9% e 17%, respectivamente para hipertensão e diabetes demostrou-se que este tipo de programa pode ser desenvolvido no modelo de unidade de saúde como o nosso e que com reorganização das estratégias pode-se atingir uma cobertura melhor. Para abordagem dos usuários foi feito o cadastramento e a estratificação de risco cardiovascular, seguida de abordagem direcionada, com agendamento de consultas conforme prioridade. Foram implementadas varias ações para aumentar a cobertura do programa e manter as metas de qualidade; foram desenvolvidas atividades voltadas para educação em saúde de forma permanente. Com a intervenção melhoramos de forma significativa as condições de saúde e de vida da população da área de abrangência, foi possível reorganizar as atribuições da equipe na atenção aos usuários hipertensos e diabéticos assim como melhorar a qualidade dos registros e o agendamento deles. A realização da intervenção e a reflexão nos permitiram melhorar o trabalho em equipe e alcançar maior união entre todos.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica E/Ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS Marlete Nobrega da Luz, Parelhas/Rn.

A hipertensão arterial (HAS) e o diabetes mellitus (DM) são duas doenças crônicas que podem ocasionar a invalidez temporal ou permanente assim como desencadear complicações e até mesmo a morte. A HAS é uma doença altamente prevalente, sendo responsável pelo menos 40 % das mortes por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e por 25% das mortes por doenças arterial coronária, em combinação com a diabetes representa 62% do diagnostico primário de usuários submetidos à dialise, além de ser fatores de riscos das doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares, que se encontram dentro das 10 primeiras causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. No Brasil constituem 32,2 % das mortes por infarto do miocárdio e derrame cerebral. A intervenção que realizamos teve como objetivo melhorar a Atenção à saúde da pessoa com hipertensão e/ou diabetes na Unidade Básica de Saúde Marlete Nobrega da Luz, Parelhas/RN. O projeto foi desenvolvido no período de três meses (12 semanas), na área da UBS Marlete Nobrega da Luz. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foi desenvolvido um cronograma, com metas e ações, como cadastro dos hipertensos e/o diabéticos que foi atualizado na planilha de coleta de dados no momento da consulta. Para registro das atividades foram utilizados o prontuário clínico individual e a ficha espelho. Na área adstrita à UBS há 4.104 usuários cadastrados, a intervenção teve como foco as pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes que contabilizam 624 e 154 respectivamente A intervenção exigiu capacitação da equipe no cadastramento, diagnóstico, tratamento e monitoramento da hipertensão e diabetes. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível atingir quase todas as metas propostas, na cobertura tivemos dificuldades no cadastramento dos diabéticos, na realização dos exames complementares assim como na aquisição de medicamentos na farmácia popular, não sendo possível atingir a totalidade dos hipertensos e diabéticos acompanhados na unidade. Esta atividade envolveu o trabalho de toda a equipe, cada um com sua atribuição, agregando conhecimentos nas práticas com os usuários. Durante a intervenção foram acompanhados 407 (65,2%) hipertensos residentes na área de abrangência, e 91 (59,1 %) diabéticos, a intervenção proporcionou maior adesão dos usuários ao programa, o preenchimento dos dados foi realizado na planilha de coleta de dados e na ficha espelho disponibilizados pelo curso. A intervenção propiciou o melhor controle de todas as atividades realizadas e o planejamento de ações que permitiram ter uma melhor disponibilidade dos recursos médicos e humanos na unidade, com melhoria da organização e possibilidade de avaliar os resultados alcançados, além disso, ajudou a ter uma melhor inter-relação com a comunidade, incorporando muitas ações de prevenção e promoção de saúde, para alcançar mudanças no estilo de vida, melhorar a qualidade de vida e evitar as complicações tão frequentes nestes grupos de hipertensos e diabéticos.

Melhoria da Atenção aos Usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na ESF Bom Fim, São Gabriel/RS

Resumo DAUDICOURT, Geonel Puentes. Melhoria da atenção aos usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes na ESF Bom Fim, São Gabriel/RS. 2015. Trabalho de conclusão do curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família – Departamento de Medicina social, Faculdade de Medicina social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015). A Hipertensão Arterial e a Diabetes Melitus estão entre os fatores do risco Modificáveis para as doenças cardiovasculares, sendo assim mudado o estilo de vida podem ser estimulados no âmbito na atenção básica contribuindo assim para a diminuição da morbimortalidade por essa causa, são responsáveis pela primeira causa de mortalidade e de hospitalizações no sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e representam ainda mais da metade no diagnóstico primário em pessoas com insuficiências renais crônicas submetidas a diálises. A Equipe de Saúde da Família Bom Fim, São Gabriel /RS no período de 12 semanas compreendidas nos meses de Junho/2015 e Agosto /2015 desenvolveu um projeto de intervenção com o objetivo geral da Melhoria da atenção aos hipertensos e diabéticos da área de abrangência. A intervenção teve ações contempladas em quatro eixos pedagógicos: organização e gestão dos serviços, qualificação da prática clínica, engajamento público e monitoramento e avaliação. Os dados para monitoramento e avaliação foram coletados com ajuda da Planilha de Coleta de Dados e Ficha Espelho elaborados pela UFPEL. Como não tínhamos dados para o preenchimento do CAP tivemos dificuldade para a análise situacional frente a esta ação programática e adotamos para avaliação dos indicadores de cobertura as estimativas da PCD que eram de 608 hipertensos e 150 diabéticos. Ainda assim adotamos como meta de cobertura cadastrar 60% dos hipertensos e 60% dos diabéticos da área de abrangência no Programa de Atenção a Hipertensão Arterial e a Diabetes Mellitus da unidade de saúde. Durante o período da Intervenção cadastramos e acompanhamos-nos 344 (56,6%) usuários hipertensos e 124 (82,7%) dos diabéticos da área, passando nestes últimos à cobertura esperada. Os hipertensos e diabéticos cadastrados estão com exame clínico em dia de acordo com o protocolo. Para todos os hipertensos e diabéticos cadastrados alcançamos as metas dos indicadores de qualidade. Mediante esta intervenção a comunidade ganhou um atendimento organizado e sistematizado de acordo com o protocolo adotado. Nas ações de promoção à saúde não nos descuidamos das orientações e atividades de educação em saúde para a comunidade. A equipe consegui um maior vínculo com a comunidade e estas ações e metas priorizadas durante a intervenção estão no cotidiano de trabalho da equipe. Palavras chaves: atenção primária à saúde; saúde da família; hipertensão arterial; diabetes Melitus, doença crônica.

Ansiedade generalizada e transtorno de pânico (com ou sem agorafobia) em adultos: manejo nos níveis primário e secundário de atenção

Guia de referência que traz informações de diagnostico e cuidados de pacientes com transtorno de pânico e a ansiedade. Este é um guia de referência rápida que resume as recomendações da Superintendência de Atenção Primária (S/SUBPAV/SAP), construído a partir do conteúdo disponibilizado pelo NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, NHS – Reino Unido) e adaptado para a realidade brasileira e carioca por profissionais que trabalham diretamente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS).

Hemorrhagic Shock Secondary To Button Battery Ingestion.

Button battery ingestion is a frequent pediatric complaint. The serious complications resulting from accidental ingestion have increased significantly over the last two decades due to easy access to gadgets and electronic toys. Over recent years, the increasing use of lithium batteries of diameter 20 mm has brought new challenges, because these are more detrimental to the mucosa, compared with other types, with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical complaints, which are often nonspecific, may lead to delayed diagnosis, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications. A five-year-old boy who had been complaining of abdominal pain for ten days, was brought to the emergency service with a clinical condition of hematemesis that started two hours earlier. On admission, he presented pallor, tachycardia and hypotension. A plain abdominal x-ray produced an image suggestive of a button battery. Digestive endoscopy showed a deep ulcerated lesion in the esophagus without active bleeding. After this procedure, the patient presented profuse hematemesis and severe hypotension, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, which was reversed. He then underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and presented a new episode of cardiorespiratory arrest, which he did not survive. The battery was removed through rectal exploration. This case describes a fatal evolution of button battery ingestion with late diagnosis and severe associated injury of the digestive mucosa. A high level of clinical suspicion is essential for preventing this evolution. Preventive strategies are required, as well as health education, with warnings to parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals.

The Clinical Impact Of Cerebellar Grey Matter Pathology In Multiple Sclerosis.

The cerebellum is an important site for cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis, but the functional significance of this finding is not fully understood. To evaluate the clinical and cognitive impact of cerebellar grey-matter pathology in multiple sclerosis patients. Forty-two relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 30 controls underwent clinical assessment including the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and cerebellar functional system (FS) score, and cognitive evaluation, including the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 3T scanner and variables of interest were: brain white-matter and cortical lesion load, cerebellar intracortical and leukocortical lesion volumes, and brain cortical and cerebellar white-matter and grey-matter volumes. After multivariate analysis high burden of cerebellar intracortical lesions was the only predictor for the EDSS (p<0.001), cerebellar FS (p = 0.002), arm function (p = 0.049), and for leg function (p<0.001). Patients with high burden of cerebellar leukocortical lesions had lower PASAT scores (p = 0.013), while patients with greater volumes of cerebellar intracortical lesions had worse SDMT scores (p = 0.015). Cerebellar grey-matter pathology is widely present and contributes to clinical dysfunction in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, independently of brain grey-matter damage.

Obesity And Inflammation And The Effect On The Hematopoietic System.

Bone marrow is organized in specialized microenvironments known as 'marrow niches'. These are important for the maintenance of stem cells and their hematopoietic progenitors whose homeostasis also depends on other cell types present in the tissue. Extrinsic factors, such as infection and inflammatory states, may affect this system by causing cytokine dysregulation (imbalance in cytokine production) and changes in cell proliferation and self-renewal rates, and may also induce changes in the metabolism and cell cycle. Known to relate to chronic inflammation, obesity is responsible for systemic changes that are best studied in the cardiovascular system. Little is known regarding the changes in the hematopoietic system induced by the inflammatory state carried by obesity or the cell and molecular mechanisms involved. The understanding of the biological behavior of hematopoietic stem cells under obesity-induced chronic inflammation could help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in other inflammatory processes, such as neoplastic diseases and bone marrow failure syndromes.

Changes In The Bacterial Community Of Soil From A Neutral Mine Drainage Channel.

Mine drainage is an important environmental disturbance that affects the chemical and biological components in natural resources. However, little is known about the effects of neutral mine drainage on the soil bacteria community. Here, a high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing approach was used to evaluate differences in composition, structure, and diversity of bacteria communities in samples from a neutral drainage channel, and soil next to the channel, at the Sossego copper mine in Brazil. Advanced statistical analyses were used to explore the relationships between the biological and chemical data. The results showed that the neutral mine drainage caused changes in the composition and structure of the microbial community, but not in its diversity. The Deinococcus/Thermus phylum, especially the Meiothermus genus, was in large part responsible for the differences between the communities, and was positively associated with the presence of copper and other heavy metals in the environmental samples. Other important parameters that influenced the bacterial diversity and composition were the elements potassium, sodium, nickel, and zinc, as well as pH. The findings contribute to the understanding of bacterial diversity in soils impacted by neutral mine drainage, and demonstrate that heavy metals play an important role in shaping the microbial population in mine environments.

Malignant Transformation Of An Odontogenic Cyst In A Period Of 10 Years.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws (PIOSCC) might arise from odontogenic epithelium, more commonly from a previous odontogenic cyst. The aim of this case is to illustrate that the clinician should consider that an apparent benign dentigerous cyst can suffer malignant transformation and that all material removed from a patient must be evaluated histologically. A 44-year-old man presented in a routine periapical X-ray an impacted lower left third molar with radiolucency over its crown. Ten years later, the patient complained of pain in the same region and the tooth was extracted. After one month, the patient still complained of pain and suffered a fracture of the mandible. A biopsy was performed and carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient was treated surgically with adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy and after 8 years, he is well without signs of recurrences. This report describes a central mandibular carcinoma probably developed from a previous dentigerous cyst.

An Isoflavone From Dipteryx Alata Vogel Is Active Against The In Vitro Neuromuscular Paralysis Of Bothrops Jararacussu Snake Venom And Bothropstoxin I, And Prevents Venom-induced Myonecrosis.

Snakebite is a neglected disease and serious health problem in Brazil, with most bites being caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Although serum therapy is the primary treatment for systemic envenomation, it is generally ineffective in neutralizing the local effects of these venoms. In this work, we examined the ability of 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (TM), an isoflavone from Dipteryx alata, to neutralize the neurotoxicity (in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations) and myotoxicity (assessed by light microscopy) of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro. The toxicity of TM was assessed using the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test). Incubation with TM alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the muscle twitch tension whereas incubation with venom (40 μg/mL) caused irreversible paralysis. Preincubation of TM (200 μg/mL) with venom attenuated the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade by 84% ± 5% (mean ± SEM; n = 4). The neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major myotoxic PLA2 of this venom, was also attenuated by TM. Histological analysis of diaphragm muscle incubated with TM showed that most fibers were preserved (only 9.2% ± 1.7% were damaged; n = 4) compared to venom alone (50.3% ± 5.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3), and preincubation of TM with venom significantly attenuated the venom-induced damage (only 17% ± 3.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3; p < 0.05 compared to venom alone). TM showed no mutagenicity in the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA97a with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. These findings indicate that TM is a potentially useful compound for antagonizing the neuromuscular effects (neurotoxicity and myotoxicity) of B. jararacussu venom.

An Asp49 Phospholipase A2 From Snake Venom Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression And Prostaglandin E2 Production Via Activation Of Nf-κb, P38mapk, And Pkc In Macrophages.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are key enzymes for production of lipid mediators. We previously demonstrated that a snake venom sPLA2 named MT-III leads to prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in macrophages by inducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Herein, we explored the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to these MT-III-induced effects. Results demonstrated that MT-III induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in isolated macrophages. By using NF-κB selective inhibitors, the involvement of this factor in MT-III-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production was demonstrated. Moreover, MT-III-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release were attenuated by pretreatment of macrophages with SB202190, and Ly294002, and H-7-dihydro compounds, indicating the involvement of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, MT-III triggered early phosphorylation of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Furthermore, SB202190, H-7-dihydro, but not Ly294002 treatment, abrogated activation of NF-κB induced by MT-III. Altogether, these results show for the first time that the induction of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release, which occur via NF-κB activation induced by the sPLA2-MT-III in macrophages, are modulated by p38MAPK and PKC, but not by PI3K signaling proteins.

Prognostic Value Of Dna And Mrna E6/e7 Of Human Papillomavirus In The Evolution Of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2.

This study aimed at evaluating whether human papillomavirus (HPV) groups and E6/E7 mRNA of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 are prognostic of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 outcome in women with a cervical smear showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). This cohort study included women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 who were followed up for 12 months, with cervical smear and colposcopy performed every three months. Women with a negative or low-risk HPV status showed 100% CIN 2 regression. The CIN 2 regression rates at the 12-month follow-up were 69.4% for women with alpha-9 HPV versus 91.7% for other HPV species or HPV-negative status (P < 0.05). For women with HPV 16, the CIN 2 regression rate at the 12-month follow-up was 61.4% versus 89.5% for other HPV types or HPV-negative status (P < 0.05). The CIN 2 regression rate was 68.3% for women who tested positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA versus 82.0% for the negative results, but this difference was not statistically significant. The expectant management for women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 and previous cytological tests showing LSIL exhibited a very high rate of spontaneous regression. HPV 16 is associated with a higher CIN 2 progression rate than other HPV infections. HPV E6/E7 mRNA is not a prognostic marker of the CIN 2 clinical outcome, although this analysis cannot be considered conclusive. Given the small sample size, this study could be considered a pilot for future larger studies on the role of predictive markers of CIN 2 evolution.

Beam-energy Dependence Of The Directed Flow Of Protons, Antiprotons, And Pions In Au+au Collisions.

Rapidity-odd directed flow (v1) measurements for charged pions, protons, and antiprotons near midrapidity (y=0) are reported in sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At intermediate impact parameters, the proton and net-proton slope parameter dv1/dy|y=0 shows a minimum between 11.5 and 19.6 GeV. In addition, the net-proton dv1/dy|y=0 changes sign twice between 7.7 and 39 GeV. The proton and net-proton results qualitatively resemble predictions of a hydrodynamic model with a first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined matter, and differ from hadronic transport calculations.

[theoretical Construction In The Sociology Of Health: A Reflection On Its Trajectory].

The scope of this paper is to reflect on the theoretical construction in the constitution of the sociology of health, still called medical sociology in some countries. Two main ideas constitute the basis for this: interdisciplinarity and the degree of articulation in the fields of medicine and sociology. We sought to establish a dialogue with some dimensions - macro/micro, structure/action - that constitute the basis for understanding medicine/health in relation to the social/sociological dimension. The main aspects of these dimensions are initially presented. Straus' two medical sociologies and the theory/application impasses are then addressed, as well as the dilemmas of the sociology of medicine in the 1960s and 1970s. From these analyses the theoretical production before 1970 is placed as a counterpoint. Lastly, the sociology of health is seen in the general context of sociology, which underwent a fragmentation process from 1970 with effects in all subfields of the social sciences. This process involves a rethinking of the theoretical issues in a broadened spectrum of possibilities. The 1980s are highlighted when theoretical issues in the sociology of health are reinvigorated and the issue of interdisciplinarity is once again addressed.

[the Sociology Of Health In Brazil - The Creation Of An Identity].

This article analyzes the historical, social and cognitive dimensions of the sociology of medicine in the construction of its identity, from Wolf Lepenies' perspective. It is understood that the construction of an identity does not end with the first historical manifestations, but is consolidated when it is institutionalized and structured as a field of knowledge by creating its own forms of cognitive expression. The text is divided into three parts: in the first the precursors are presented, highlighting the role played by some travelers, naturalists and folklore scholars, followed by social physicians-scientists and the first social scientists (1940-1969). In the second part, aspects of the consolidation of the social sciences in health are presented at two significant moments, namely the 1970s and 1980s. In the third part, the issues raised by the field are addressed in general terms. It is considered that once the main structural stages are in place there is still a need for the formation of new generations of social scientists in health. It is also essential to disseminate scientific production and to ensure that the relations are studied in depth and institutionalized with the sociological matrices on the one hand and with the field of health on the other.