Análisis de la cooperación internacional de Japón, UNICEF y UE dirigida a los infantes y adolescentes afectados por las minas antipersonal MAP/MUSE/AEI en el contexto del conflicto interno colombiano, en el período 2000 – 2009

La presente investigación pretende realizar un análisis de la Cooperación Internacional otorgada por Japón, la Unión Europea y UNICEF a las víctimas de MAP (Mina Antipersonal), MUSE (Munición Sin Explotar) y AEI (Artefacto Explosivo Improvisado) en Colombia durante el conflicto interno que libra nuestro país en el periodo 2000 – 2009, partiendo de una descripción de los diferentes programas y proyectos desarrollados en el marco de las líneas estratégicas de Acción Integral Contra Minas Antipersonal (AICMA).

Highfield Campus Winter Minecraft Map

Contains data (c) Defra (OGL) and Open Street Map (CC-BY-SA)

La atención a las víctimas de atentados por minas antipersonal (MAP) y municiones sin explorar (MUSE) en Colombia bajo el marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario

En las situaciones en que se presenta un conflicto armado, por lo general surge una violación de los Derechos Humanos y del Derecho Internacional Humanitario, lo que hace que los Estados en su afán por restablecer la paz en sus territorios, tengan como objeto principal la solución de los mismos, acudiendo a procesos de reconciliación, como lo son la negociación con los actores armados. En medio de los conflictos armados, la vida de las personas se ve afectada, ya que un conflicto armado produce víctimas de diversa índole, que tienen una característica especial, ya sea porque se encuentran en una situación de riesgo, pues son poblaciones que se encuentran en zonas donde se desarrolla la guerra o se encuentran cerca a objetivos militares y por tal motivo están en riesgo de convertirse en víctimas del conflicto, o porque son afectados directamente por el conflicto, es decir que ya son víctimas porque están heridos, enfermos, o se encuentran en manos del adversario y son considerados prisioneros de guerra. Es importante tener en cuenta que el sufrimiento de estas personas es muy grande y que en ocasiones puede llegar a prolongarse durante largo tiempo.

Trans-Ancestral Studies Fine Map the SLE-Susceptibility Locus TNFSF4

We previously established an 80 kb haplotype upstream of TNFSF4 as a susceptibility locus in the autoimmune disease SLE. SLE-associated alleles at this locus are associated with inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis and ischaemic stroke. In Europeans, the TNFSF4 causal variants have remained elusive due to strong linkage disequilibrium exhibited by alleles spanning the region. Using a trans-ancestral approach to fine-map the locus, utilising 17,900 SLE and control subjects including Amerindian/Hispanics (1348 cases, 717 controls), African-Americans (AA) (1529, 2048) and better powered cohorts of Europeans and East Asians, we find strong association of risk alleles in all ethnicities; the AA association replicates in African-American Gullah (152,122). The best evidence of association comes from two adjacent markers: rs2205960-T (P = 1.71×10-34, OR = 1.43[1.26-1.60]) and rs1234317-T (P = 1.16×10-28, OR = 1.38[1.24-1.54]). Inference of fine-scale recombination rates for all populations tested finds the 80 kb risk and non-risk haplotypes in all except African-Americans. In this population the decay of recombination equates to an 11 kb risk haplotype, anchored in the 5′ region proximal to TNFSF4 and tagged by rs2205960-T after 1000 Genomes phase 1 (v3) imputation. Conditional regression analyses delineate the 5′ risk signal to rs2205960-T and the independent non-risk signal to rs1234314-C. Our case-only and SLE-control cohorts demonstrate robust association of rs2205960-T with autoantibody production. The rs2205960-T is predicted to form part of a decameric motif which binds NF-κBp65 with increased affinity compared to rs2205960-G. ChIP-seq data also indicate NF-κB interaction with the DNA sequence at this position in LCL cells. Our research suggests association of rs2205960-T with SLE across multiple groups and an independent non-risk signal at rs1234314-C. rs2205960-T is associated with autoantibody production and lymphopenia. Our data confirm a global signal at TNFSF4 and a role for the expressed product at multiple stages of lymphocyte dysregulation during SLE pathogenesis. We confirm the validity of trans-ancestral mapping in a complex trait. © 2013 Manku et al.

Modelo GAP para instituciones financieras

Este trabajo de investigación pretende plantear a las instituciones financieras los puntos claves a tener en cuenta en la utilización de los resultados del modelo GAP.

An approximation to the informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012

This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia by using a non-parametric method proposed by Ñopo (2008a). Over a rich dataset at a household level during 2008-2012, it is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers. Despite of the formality definition - structuralist or institucionalist- adopted, it is clear that formal workers have more economic advantages than informal ones, but after controlling by demographic and labor variables an important fraction of the gap still remains unexplained.

Is there a motherhood penalty? decomposing the family wage gap in Colombia

The aim of this paper is to provide an estimation and decomposition of the motherhood wage penalty in Colombia. Our empirical strategy was based on the matching procedure designed by Ñopo (The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(2), 290–299, 2008a ) for the case of gender wage gaps. This is an alternative procedure to the well-known Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method. Using the cross-sectional data of the Colombian Living Standard Survey, the wage gap was decomposed into four components, according to the characteristics of mothers and non-mothers. Three of the components are explained by differences in observable characteristics of women, while the other is the unexplained part of the gap. We found that mothers earn, on average, 1.73 % less than their counterparts without children and that this gap slightly decreased when the group included older women. It is observed from the results that, once schooling was included as a matching variable, the unexplained part of the gap considerably decreased and became non-significant. Thus, we did not find evidence of wage discrimination against mothers in the Colombian labor market. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Barcelona : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Barcelona y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Seville and Andalusia : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Sevilla y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

London: pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Londres y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Madrid : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Madrid y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Determination of the direct band-gap energy of InAlAs matched to InP by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy

A series of InxAl1-xAs samples (0.51≪x≪0.55)coherently grown on InP was studied in order to measure the band-gap energy of the lattice matched composition. As the substrate is opaque to the relevant photon energies, a method is developed to calculate the optical absorption coefficient from the photoluminescence excitation spectra. The effect of strain on the band-gap energy has been taken into account. For x=0.532, at 14 K we have obtained Eg0=1549±6 meV

Comparison of speech processor MAP minimum (T) and maximum (C) levels with psychophysical thresholds and maximum acceptable loudness levels in users of the Nucleus 22 cochlear implant system

This paper discusses the Nucleus 22 cochlear implant.

Comparison of MAP kinases in the proliferation of chick utricular epithelial cells

Levels of activation of MAP kinase pathways and effects of inhibiting these pathways were examined in chick utricular epithelial cultures in order to determine the role of these pathways in proliferation.