999 resultados para Figado - Doenças
Resumo:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de intervenção voltada para a educação em saúde sobre a potabilidade da água e transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica na população e nos profissionais de saúde de ESF da zona rural do município de Três Pontas-MG. Mediante os dados levantados durante a realização do diagnóstico situacional da aréa e o levantamento dos nós críticos, principalmente em relação ao alto índice de famílias que utilizam água da fonte e sem tratamento e com desprezo do esgoto em fossas ou diretamente aos mananciais, sem o devido tratamento do mesmo, percebeu-se a necessidade de desenvolver um plano de ação voltado para a educação em saúde sobre a potabilidade da água e transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica nesta população e em profissionais de saúde que nestes serviços. Com isso, foram elaboradas algumas intervenções a serem realizadas com a população alvo deste projeto, destacando, principalmente, a realização de educação continuada e capacitação dos servidores (profissionais de saúde) oferecidos pelo Enfermeiro sobre a transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica e potabilidade da água, nos Pontos de apoio (unidades) da ESF Zona Rural de Três Pontas-MG, e posteriormente a educação em saúde da população desta área. Mediante a realização deste projeto de intervenção, espera-se que a população possa refletir sobre o ato mais singelo do cotidiano, assim como desenvolver um pensamento que propicie a colaboração para saúde da água da comunidade, evitando a contaminação desta água, e consequentemente a transmissão de doenças, proporcionando a esta população uma vida com mais qualidade
Resumo:
A Saúde do Trabalhador constitui uma área da Saúde Pública que tem como objeto de estudo e intervenção as relações entre o trabalho e a saúde. Possui como prioridade a promoção e a proteção do trabalhador, traduzida nas ações de vigilância dos riscos presentes nos ambientes e condições de trabalho, bem como a vigilância dos agravos (acidentes e doenças) decorrentes. Na atualidade, cresce em importância a valorização dos aspectos positivos e promotores de saúde, também presentes no trabalho, que devem estar contemplados nas práticas de saúde para que haja menor adoecimento dos trabalhadores. Sendo assim, esse projeto de intervenção objetivou promover melhorias na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores adscritos a ESF Evandro dos Reis Lima, no município de Lagoa Formosa a fim de que essa população se torne mais orientada sobre a legislação trabalhista e doenças que podem ser ocasionadas por práticas trabalhistas inadequadas. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que a modificação dos hábitos de vida por parte dos trabalhadores pode auxiliar na diminuição das doenças ocupacionais. Nesse sentido, a UBS tem a função de promover programas de saúde, tais como o estímulo a atividades físicas, recreativas e de lazer; o aumento do nível de informação da população sobre doenças ocupacionais; melhoria na estrutura do serviço para o atendimento da saúde do trabalhador e possíveis comorbidades existentes além da implantação de linha de cuidado da saúde do trabalhador
Resumo:
As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade no Brasil e a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica está entre seus principais fatores de risco. A baixa adesão ao tratamento dessa doença é um dos mais importantes problemas enfrentados pelos profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária, gera custos substanciais pelas baixas taxas de controle alcançadas, que acabam aumentando a morbimortalidade consequente a essa síndrome. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um projeto de intervenção visando à melhoria da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial, no ESF Renascença do município de Bueno Brandão (MG). Para construção da proposta de intervenção realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema e um diagnóstico situacional da instituição, objetivando conhecer os fatores que dificultam a adesão ao tratamento da doença. Com base nas informações adquiridas foi elaborado o projeto de intervenção. A proposta realizada poderá diminuir a evasão ao tratamento dos hipertensos do ESF Renascença, minimizando o impacto nas doenças cardiovasculares.
Resumo:
O principal objetivo deste estudo busca verificar a cobertura do Sistema de Saúde da Família e do Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Pacientes Hipertensos e Diabéticos em Minas Gerais. As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade no mundo contemporâneo. A revisão de literatura traz os temas políticas de saúde, modelos de atenção à saúde, sistemas de informação em saúde e os agravos selecionados quais sejam, diabetes e hipertensão. O cenário do estudo compreende a unidade básica do Município de Itajubá e tratando-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de caráter quanti-qualitativa, cuja coleta dos dados foi realizada através de fontes secundárias. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva propor melhorar do cadastramento e acompanhamento dos hipertensos e diabéticos na Unidade de Saúde da cidade de Itajubá-MG. Busca-se assim garantir maior eficiência na adesão eacompanhamento dos usuários, através da busca ativa e efetiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde, do controle da pressão arterial e glicêmica, aumentando a efetividade do Programa Hiperdia.
Resumo:
A síndrome diarreica aguda é uma das doenças mais observadas no dia a dia em consultas na atenção básica. Além disso, é a principal causa de morte por conta das suas complicações (a exemplo, a desidratação), pois se não tratada de forma oportuna, com rapidez e eficácia poderá levar a óbito. No trabalho desenvolvido pela equipe de saúde da família numa área rural onde existe um alto índice de analfabetismo, más condições higiênicas e sanitárias, sem acesso a água e alimentação de qualidade a estratégia de informação, educação e comunicação tem sido um instrumento largamente utilizado para aproximação e adesão dos usuários à promoção da saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um plano de ação para melhorar a assistência e controle das diarreias na área de abrangência da equipe de saúde da família III, no município de Jacaré dos Homens. A elaboração do plano baseou-se no método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional em saúde. Para identificar os problemas realizou-se o diagnóstico situacional com o método da estimativa rápida sendo consultadas e coletadas informações das fontes de dados existentes na Unidade, entrevistas com informantes chaves e observação ativa da área. Identificou-se como problema prioritário para promoção da saúde, a alta incidência de diarreia por verminose em crianças menores de cinco anos. No percurso metodológico contou-se com o envolvimento de atores sociais da área de saúde e usuários. Utilizou-se metodologicamente de estratégias das Rodas de Conversas e identificação dos nós críticos que culminaram na elaboração de três projetos: Mais Saúde, Saber mais e Cuida Melhor para intervir sobre os nós críticos do problema priorizado: hábitos e estilo de vida inadequados, baixo nível de informação sobre a doença, estrutura dos serviços de saúde deficiente. Busca-se melhorar a qualidade de vida da população da área adscrita diminuindo a morbimortalidade por diarreia, minimizando o desconhecimento sobre a doença e suas complicações. São fundamentais para o êxito do presente plano a identificação dos recursos e a articulação política e para viabilizá-los. E assim, conseguir espaços nas escolas e meios de divulgação, alinhamento com Secretarias de Saúde e Educação, aquisição de recursos para estruturação do serviço e organização de cronograma de atividades visando o êxito das atividades planejadas
Resumo:
Minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover are frequent causes of voice abnormalities. They may be difficult to diagnose, and are expressed in different manners. Cases of intracordal cysts, sulcus vocalis, mucosal bridge, and laryngeal micro-diaphragm form the group of minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover investigated in the present study. The etiopathogenesis and epidemiology of these alterations are poorly known. To evaluate the existence and anatomical characterization of minor structural alterations in the vocal folds of newborns. 56 larynxes excised from neonates of both genders were studied. They were examined fresh, or defrosted after conservation via freezing, under a microscope at magnifications of 25× and 40×. The vocal folds were inspected and palpated by two examiners, with the aim of finding minor structural alterations similar to those described classically, and other undetermined minor structural alterations. Larynges presenting abnormalities were submitted to histological examination. Six cases of abnormalities were found in different larynges: one (1.79%) compatible with a sulcus vocalis and five (8.93%) compatible with a laryngeal micro-diaphragm. No cases of cysts or mucosal bridges were found. The observed abnormalities had characteristics similar to those described in other age groups. Abnormalities similar to sulcus vocalis or micro-diaphragm may be present at birth.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.
Resumo:
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and Machado-Joseph disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3) are three distinctive forms of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) caused by expansions of an unstable CAG repeat localized in the coding region of the causative genes. Another related disease, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is also caused by an unstable triplet repeat and can present as SCA in late onset patients. We investigated the frequency of the SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 and DRPLA mutations in 328 Brazilian patients with SCA, belonging to 90 unrelated families with various patterns of inheritance and originating in different geographic regions of Brazil. We found mutations in 35 families (39%), 32 of them with a clear autosomal dominant inheritance. The frequency of the SCA1 mutation was 3% of all patients; and 6 % in the dominantly inherited SCAs. We identified the SCA2 mutation in 6% of all families and in 9% of the families with autosomal dominant inheritance. The MJD/SCA3 mutation was detected in 30 % of all patients; and in the 44% of the dominantly inherited cases. We found no DRPLA mutation. In addition, we observed variability in the frequency of the different mutations according to geographic origin of the patients, which is probably related to the distinct colonization of different parts of Brazil. These results suggest that SCA may be occasionally caused by the SCA1 and SCA2 mutations in the Brazilian population, and that the MJD/SCA3 mutation is the most common cause of dominantly inherited SCA in Brazil.
Resumo:
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by choreiform movements and cognitive impairment. Onset of symptoms is around 40 years of age and progression to death occurs in approximately 10 to 15 years from the time of disease onset. HD is associated with an unstable CAG repeat expansion at the 5' and of the IT15 gene. We have genotyped the CAG repeat in the IT15 gene in 44 Brazilian individuals (42 patients and 2 unaffected family members) belonging to 34 unrelated families thought to segregate HD. We found one expanded CAG allele in 32 individuals (76%) belonging to 25 unrelated families. In these HD patients, expanded alleles varied from 43 to 73 CAG units and normal alleles varied from 18 to 26 CAGs. A significant negative correlation between age at onset of symptoms and size of the expanded CAG allele was found (r=0.6; p=0.0001); however, the size of the expanded CAG repeat could explain only about 40% of the variability in age at onset (r2=0.4). In addition, we genotyped 25 unrelated control individuals (total of 50 alleles) and found normal CAG repeats varying from 16 to 33 units. The percentage of heterozigocity of the normal allele in the control population was 88%. In conclusion, our results showed that not all patients with the HD phenotype carried the expansion at the IT15 gene. Furthermore, molecular diagnosis was possible in all individuals, since no alleles of intermediate size were found. Therefore, molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis in HD should be sought in all suspected patients, making it possible for adequate genetic counseling.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet´s disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.
Resumo:
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is the most common autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia and presents great phenotypic variability. MJD presenting with spastic paraparesis was recently described in Japanese patients. We report the case of 41-year-old woman with the phenotype of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Her father died at the age of 56 years due to an undiagnosed progressive neurological disease that presented parkinsonism. She had an expanded allele with 66 CAG repeats and a normal allele with 22 repeats in the gene of MJD. MJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of autosomal dominant complicated HSP. A patient with the phenotype of complicated HSP and relatives with other clinical features of a neurodegenerative disease should raise the suspicion of MJD.
Resumo:
We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.
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The objectives were to identify factors associated with decreased life satisfaction in community-dwelling elderly and describe such factors according to gender and age bracket. The study interviewed 2,472 elderly individuals 65 years or older without cognitive deficits suggestive of dementia, in probabilistic samples from seven Brazilian cities. All measures were self-reported except for functional performance, indicated by handgrip and gait speed. Women had more chronic diseases, worse functional performance, and greater social involvement when compared to men. The oldest participants showed worse functional performance and less social involvement when compared to the youngest. Low satisfaction was associated with three or more diseases, memory problems, low social involvement, low handgrip strength, and urinary incontinence. The authors conclude that health, functional performance, and social involvement interact with well-being, so interventions targeting these areas can favor quality of life for the elderly.
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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.
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Disorders of sex development (DSD) involve several conditions that result from abnormalities during gonadal determination and differentiation. Some of these disorders may manifest at birth by ambiguous genitalia; others are diagnosed only at puberty, by the delayed onset of secondary sexual characteristics. Sex determination and differentiation in humans are processes that involve the interaction of several genes such as WT1, NR5A1, NR0B1, SOX9, among others, in the testicular pathway, and WNT4, DAX1, FOXL2 and RSPO1, in the ovarian pathway. One of the major proteins in mammalian gonadal differentiation is the steroidogenic nuclear receptor factor 1 (SF1). This review will cover some of the most recent data on SF1 functional roles and findings related to mutations in its coding gene, NR5A1.