Antileishmanial activity of ruthenium(II)tetraammine nitrosyl complexes

The complexes trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)L](X)(3) (X = BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-) or Cl(-) and L = N-heterocyclic ligands, P (OEt)(3), SO(3)(-2)), and [Ru(NO)Hedta)] were shown to exhibit IC(50pro) in the range of 36 (L = imN) to 5000 mu M (L = imC). The inhibitory effects of trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)imN](BF(4))(3) and of the Angeli`s salt on the growth of the intramacrophage amastigote form studied were found to be similar while the trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)imN(H(2)O)](2+) complex was found not to exhibit any substantial antiamastigote effect. The trans-[Ru(NO)(NH(3))(4)imN](BF(4))(3) compound, administered (500 nmol kg(-1) day(-1)) in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major, was found to exhibit a 98% inhibition on the parasite growth. Furthermore, this complex proved to be at least 66 times more efficient than glucantime in in vivo experiments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Tongue strength of healthy young adults

P>The measurement of tongue strength contributes to the study of oro-facial physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of gender on tongue strength in young adults and to determine the differences in this strength between tongue regions. This study was conducted on 50 healthy volunteers (17 men and 33 women) with a mean age of 23 years, with no oro-facial myofunctional alterations. The strength of the anterior portion and of the dorsum of the tongue was analysed with a calibrated electronic dynamometer. The subjects were asked to apply maximum force. Men showed higher tongue strength values than women both in the anterior portion and in the dorsum of the tongue (P < 0 center dot 05), and the strength of the anterior portion of the tongue was lower than that of the dorsum in both genders (P < 0 center dot 05). We conclude that gender and region influenced tongue strength.

Otologic symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and effect of orofacial myofunctional therapy

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of otologic symptoms and their relationship to orofacial signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and the effect of orofacial myofunctional therapy. The study was conducted on eight asymptomatic subjects (Group C) and 20 subjects with articular TMD, randomly distributed over two groups: one treated using orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT Group) and a control group with TMD (Group CTMD). Patient selection was based upon the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). All subjects submitted to a clinical examination with self-reporting of symptom severity, and to orofacial myofunctional and electromyographic evaluation at diagnosis and again, at the end of the study. Correlations were calculated using the Pearson test and inter- and intragroup comparisons were made (p<0.05). In the diagnosis phase, subjects with TMD reported earache (65%), tinnitus (60%), ear fullness (90%), and 25% of the asymptomatic subjects reported tinnitus. The otologic symptoms were correlated with tenderness to palpation of the temporomandibular muscles and joints and with orofacial symptoms. Only the OMT group showed a reduction of otologic and orofacial symptoms, of tenderness to palpation and of the asymmetric index between muscles. OMT may help with muscle coordination and a remission of TMD symptoms.