Descentralisation, integration and polycentrism in Barcelona

In this study the employment subcentres of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona are identified using different criteria. Once catalogued according to their nature,i.e. subcentres arising from integration and decentralisation, they are analysed to see whether their impact on population density depends on their origin. The results obtained confirm a greater impact of integrated subcentres in comparison with decentralised ones, amplified in turn by the fact that the former are further from the CBD and present a greater degree of self-containment in the labor market.

The spatial effect of intra-metropolitan agglomeration economies

This study deals with the role of spatial accessibility to agglomeration economies in the change in spatial structure of industrial employment for the case of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (BMR). Using the growth in gross density of municipal employment between 1986 and 1996 for seven manufacturing industries as an indicator of changes in the spatial structure of employment, an exploration is made of the spatial impact of agglomeration economies operating on a local scale the municipality and three areas 5, 8 and 12 kilometres away surrounding the municipality itself - , agglomeration economies emerging from CBD and the main specialised subcentres in the region, and the network economies associated with the total jobs in the region, access to which depends on the distance from the main transport infrastructures

Technological trampolines for new venture creation in Catalonia: the case of the University of Girona

Recent trends in technology transfer show an intensification of spin-off creation as a modality of university research commercialisation, complementary to the conventional ones, contract research and licensing. In this paper we analyse the evolution, objectives, resources and activities of a specialised unit –Technological Trampoline (TT) - in charge of new venture creation at the University of Girona (Catalonia-Spain). Based on two theoretical frameworks, Resource-based-view and Institutional Theory, we adopt a multi-dimensional approach to study the strategy of spinning-off new ventures at the University of Girona in terms of resources and activities, how this process is organised and if the outputs fit with this UdG’s objectives and the local environment. Our main contribution is an in-depth analysis of the spin-off creation unit with special emphasis on its variety of resources and activities. The results have a series of implications and recommendations at both university and TT level.

Testing of stair climbing point-of-choice prompts in Barcelona at an outdoor set of stairs and scalators on the Montjuïc site

Regular stair climbing has well-documented health dividends, such as increased fitness and strength, weight loss and reduced body fat, improved lipid profiles and reduced risk of osteoporosis. The general absence of barriers to participation makes stair climbing an ideal physical activity (PA) for health promotion. Studies in the US and the UK have consistently shown that interventions to increase the accumulation of lifestyle PA by climbing stairs rather than using the escalators are effective. However, there are no previous in Catalonia. This project tested one message for their ability to prompt travelers on the Montjuïc site to choose the stairs rather than the escalator when climbing up the Monjuïc hill. One standard message, " Take the stairs! 7 minutes of stair climbing a day protects your heart" provided a comparison with previous research done in the UK. Translated into Catalan and Spanish, it was presented on a poster positioned at the point of choice between the stairs and the escalator. The study used a quasi-experimental, interrupted time series design. Travelers, during several and specific hours on two days of the week, were coded for stair or escalator use, gender, age, ethnic status, presence of accompanying children or bags by one observer. Overall, the intervention resulted in a 81% increase in stair climbing. In the follow-up period without messages, stair climbing dropped out to baseline levels. This preliminary study showed a significant effect on stair use. However, caution is needed since results are based on a small sample and, only a low percentage of the sample took the stairs at baseline or the intervention phase . Future research on stair use in Catalonia should focus on using bigger samples, different sites (metro stations, airports, shopping centers, etc) , different messages and techniques to promote stair climbing.

The EU as a security provider in its neighbourhood: the case of non-proliferation of WMD in the Mediterranean area

As a consequence of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the US-led war against Iraq, WMD and their proliferation have become a central element of the EU security agenda. In December 2003, the European Council adopted even a EU Strategy against Proliferation of WMD. The approach adopted in this Strategy can be largely described as a ‘cooperative security provider’ approach and is based on effective multilateralism, the promotion of a stable international and regional environment and the cooperation with key partners. The principal objective of this paper is to examine in how far the EU has actually implemented the ‘cooperative security provider’ approach in the area which the Non-proliferation Strategy identifies as one of its priorities – the Mediterranean. Focusing on the concept of security interdependence, the paper analyses first the various WMD dangers with which the EU is confronted in the Mediterranean area. Afterwards, it examines how the EU has responded to these hazards in the framework of the Barcelona process and, in particular, the new European Neighbourhood Policy. It is argued that despite its relatively powerful rhetoric, the EU has largely failed, for a wide range of reasons, to apply effectively its non-proliferation approach in the Mediterranean area and, thus, to become a successful security provider.

Les Repercussions urbaní­stiques dels Jocs Olí­mpics de Barcelona

Classe impartida pel director de l'Institut d'Estudis Metropolitans en el curs universitari sobre Olimpisme organitzat pel CEO-UAB al febrer de 1992 sobre els impactes urbanístics dels Jocs Olímpics de Barcelona'92.

The Total fiscal cost of indirect taxation: an approximation using Catalonia's recent input-output table

In this note we quantify to what extent indirect taxation influences and distorts prices. To do so we use the networked accounting structure of the most recent input-output table of Catalonia, an autonomous region of Spain, to model price formation. The role of indirect taxation is considered both from a classical value perspective and a more neoclassical flavoured one. We show that they would yield equivalent results under some basic premises. The neoclassical perspective, however, offers a bit more flexibility to distinguish among different tax figures and hence provide a clearer disaggregate picture of how an indirect tax ends up affecting, and by how much, the cost structure.

Barcelona'92: los Juegos de la comunicación

Este artículo es una síntesis de algunas partes del libro del autor de &i&Juegos Olímpicos y Comunicación&/i&, publicado por FUNDESCO. La investigación correspondiente se pudo realizar en el Centre d'Estudis Olímpics de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona con el apoyo de la C.I.C.Y.T. (Centro de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica), en el Plan Nacional de Investigación (Área del Deporte). Esta versión fue preparada para la revista &i&Telos&/i& de Fundesco, en enero de 1992.

Treballadores, conflictivitat laboral i moviment obrer durant el franquisme a l'àrea de Barcelona

Dins del desenvolupament de la tesi “Treballadores, conflictivitat laboral i moviment obrer durant el franquisme a l’àrea de Barcelona”, aquesta recerca ha tractat d'omplir un buit a les investigacions sobre l'actuació de les dones contra el franquisme, interrelacionant la seva participació en protestes laborals i al moviment obrer, especialment a Comissions Obreres (CCOO). Per portar a terme la investigació, s'ha consultat documentació procedent de les organitzacions antifranquistes, de la policia i del Sindicat Vertical franquista, a part d'entrevistes a dones que van participar a la conflictivitat laboral i al moviment obrer durant el franquisme. S'ha iniciat la redacció de la tesi doctoral, que es presentarà el 2008. A partir de les fonts estudiades s'ha pogut constatar la importància de la participació de les dones a les protestes laborals entre 1946 i 1956, amb un escàs paper de les organitzacions antifranquistes. Posteriorment, la presència de dones a les protestes laborals va disminuir. A més, inicialment van estar poc presents a les CCOO. A partir de 1969 el nombre de dones militants a CCOO va augmentar, al igual que la proporció de dones implicades a la conflictivitat laboral. No obstant això, van ser escasses les dones a les estructures organitzatives de CCOO i les reivindicacions pròpies de les treballadores rarament van estar presents a les plataformes reivindicatives durant el franquisme.

Why Catalonia will see its energy metabolism increase in the near future: an application of MuSIASEM

This paper applies the so-called Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) to the economy of the Spanish region of Catalonia. By applying Georgescu-Roegen's fund-flow model, it arrives at the conclusion that within a context of the end of cheap oil, the current development model based on the growth of low productivity sectors such as services and construction must change. The change is needed not only because of the increasing scarcity of affordable energy carriers, or because of the increasing environmental impact that the present development represents, but also because of an ageing population that demands labour productivity gains. This will imply industry requiring more energy consumption per worker in order to increase its productivity, and therefore its competitiveness. Thus, we conclude that energy intensity, and exosomatic energy metabolism of Catalonia will increase dramatically in the near future unless major conservation efforts are implemented in both the household and transport sectors.

Combining classification techniques to define topo-climatic landscapes

Landscape classification tackles issues related to the representation and analysis of continuous and variable ecological data. In this study, a methodology is created in order to define topo-climatic landscapes (TCL) in the north-west of Catalonia (north-east of the Iberian Peninsula). TCLs relate the ecological behaviour of a landscape in terms of topography, physiognomy and climate, which compound the main drivers of an ecosystem. Selected variables are derived from different sources such as remote sensing and climatic atlas. The proposed methodology combines unsupervised interative cluster classification with a supervised fuzzy classification. As a result, 28 TCLs have been found for the study area which may be differentiated in terms of vegetation physiognomy and vegetation altitudinal range type. Furthermore a hierarchy among TCLs is set, enabling the merging of clusters and allowing for changes of scale. Through the topo-climatic landscape map, managers may identify patches with similar environmental conditions and asses at the same time the uncertainty involved.

Exploring Determinants of Urban Motorcycle Accident Severity: The Case of Barcelona

Public authorities and road users alike are increasingly concerned by recent trends in road safety outcomes in Barcelona, which is the European city with the highest number of registered Powered Two-Wheel (PTW) vehicles per inhabitant,. In this study we explore the determinants of motorcycle and moped accident severity in a large urban area, drawing on Barcelona’s local police database (2002-2008). We apply non-parametric regression techniques to characterize PTW accidents and parametric methods to investigate the factors influencing their severity. Our results show that PTW accident victims are more vulnerable, showing greater degrees of accident severity, than other traffic victims. Speed violations and alcohol consumption provide the worst health outcomes. Demographic and environment-related risk factors, in addition to helmet use, play an important role in determining accident severity. Thus, this study furthers our understanding of the most vulnerable vehicle types, while our results have direct implications for local policy makers in their fight to reduce the severity of PTW accidents in large urban areas.

Anàlisi de la situació actual del llop (Canis lupus) a Catalunya i valoració socioambiental de la seva presència

En el present treball, en primer lloc, s’ha analitzat l’escenari actual en referència a la tornada del llop (Canis lupus) a Catalunya i s’han avaluat les mesures gestió que s’estan duent a terme al respecte, tot identificant els seus punts forts i els seus punts dèbils. D’aquesta manera, s’ha pogut saber que la població de llops actual és petita i poc estable, i es mou per la zona del Parc Natural del Cadí-Moixeró i els seus voltants, on s’estan efectuant les tasques de control i seguiment de l’espècie. No obstant, la seva evolució ha anat a l’alça durant els darrers anys, i es preveu que pugui colonitzar noves àrees a curt-mig termini, pel que aviat s’hauria d’ampliar l’àmbit d’aplicació d’aquesta gestió. Posteriorment, s’ha realitzat una valoració de la seva presència a Catalunya -encabida dins d’un marc hipotètic- per determinar l’ampli ventall d’aspectes socials i ambientals que envolten aquest fet. Mitjançant aquesta valoració s’han pogut detectar les principals mancances que presenta el país per fer front a aquesta situació, però també s’han identificat les fortaleses i les oportunitats que es presenten de cara al futur.

Condicions socioecològiques de la riera d'Arbúcies pel retorn de la llúdriga (Lutra lutra)

La llúdriga (Lutra lutra) va desaparèixer de la conca de la Tordera a causa de la pressió humana sobre ella i el seu hàbitat. Recentment les seves poblacions s’estan recuperant a las conques nord de Catalunya. En aquest context es presenta els resultats dels anàlisis dels requeriments socioecològics de la llúdriga en l’afluent del riu Tordera de la riera d’Arbúcies: qualitat del bosc de ribera, valoració de la contaminació de l’aigua i l’anàlisi de les poblacions d’ictiofauna, a més de l’estimació de l’espècie més abundant. L’evolució de l’ús i cobertes del sòl del sòl mostren que existeix una tendència augment en las masses forestals, zones urbanitzades i infraestructures; també una disminució del camps de cultiu, fruiters i vinyes. La qualitat del bosc de ribera es va valorar a partir del l’índex QBR, obtenint que la màxima qualitat es localitza en el tram alt, disminuint a mesura que s’apropa a la desembocadura al Tordera. La contaminació de l’aigua a estat valorada, per una banda analitzant la qualitat biològica a partir dels índexs IPS i BMWPC, obtenint que la qualitat de l’aigua disminueix a mesura que transcorre riu avall, segons l’IPS. Amb el BMWPC es troba que existeix una recuperació de la qualitat de l’aigua en l’últim tram. Per altra banda s’han analitzat el compostos químics que afecten a la llúdriga, obtenint que les concentracions d’aquest no són rellevants a l’aigua. S’ha analitzat l’estructura de la població d’ictiofauna present, trobant que el Barbus meridionalis és l’espècie més abundant en tots el trams, a més d’augmentar en captures a mesura que l’aigua s’apropa al aiguabarreig amb la Tordera. S’ha estimat la biomassa present d’aquesta espècie, concloent que es suficient per mantenir una població no gaire densa de llúdrigues, inferior a 0,15 individus per kilòmetre de riu.

Still in the Era of Area Studies? Political-Scientific Perspectives on European Competition Policy in the 2000s

This note reviews the political-scientific literature on European competition policy (ECP) in the 2000s. Based on a data set extracted from four well-known journals, and using an upfront methodology and explicit criteria, it analyzes the literature both quantitatively and qualitatively. On the quantitative side, it shows that, although a few sub-policy areas are still neglected, ECP is not the under-researched policy it used to be. On the qualitative side, the literature has greatly improved since the 1990s: Almost all articles now present a clear research question, and most advance specific theoretical claims/hypotheses. Yet, improvements can be made on research design, statistical testing, and, above all, state-of-the-art theorizing (e.g. in the game-theoretical treatment of delegation problems). Indeed, it is paradoxical that ECP specialists do not pay more attention to theoretical questions which are so central to the actual policy area they study.