黔滇地区富（含）铊矿床的低温地球化学及其环境效应研究

铊是一种低温元素，可形成富铊矿床。主要呈独立矿物红铊矿、斜硫砷系铊矿、Imhofite等形式存在。在卡林型金矿中Aa-Tl关系密切。流体包裹体、稳定同位素稀土元素地球化学，成矿模拟实验研究表明：富铊矿床的成矿流体主要来自大气降水和地层中的热卤水，成矿物质主要来源于地层，部分可能来自深部。从而建立了富（含）铊矿床形成的三阶段成矿模式。铊的环境地球化学研究表明，富铊矿床的开发利用是导致环境铊污染和地方性锭中毒的原因。

Produção de mudas frutíferas.

Produção de mudas de abacaxi. Método convencional. Outros métodos de propagação. Mudas produzidas em viveiro. Propagação por sementes. Produção de mudas de açaí. Produção de mudas de banana. Método convencional. Propagação in vitro. Propagação rápida. Produção de mudas de citros. Obtenção de sementes do porta-enxerto. Sementeira. Semeadura. Viveiro. Tratos culturais no viveiro. Irrigação. Adubação. Controle de plantas invasoras. Desbrotas. Controle das principais doenças e pragas no viveiro. Enxertia. Produção de mudas de côco. Germinadouro. Viveiro. Produção de mudas de cupuaçu. Propagação por sementes. Propagação vegetativa por enxertia. Produção de mudas de graviola. Produção de mudas de maracujá. Obtenção das sementes. Preparo das sementes. Acondicionamento das sementes. Semeadura. Transporte. Produção de mudas de mamão. Seleção das plantas matrizes. Extração das sementes. Semeadura. Seleção de mudas. Produção de mudas de mangostão. Propagação.

O cultivo do açaizeiro.

Características. Tipos de açaí. Fenologia. Propagação. Preparo da muda. Plantio. Tratos culturais. Colheita. Beneficiamento. Comercialização. Composição química. Principais usos.

Development and application of a sol-gel immunosorbent-based method for the determination of isoproturon in surface water

An immunosorbent was fabricated by encapsulation Of monoclonal anti-isoproturon antibodies in sol-gel matrix. The immunosorbent-based loading, rinsing and eluting processes were optimized. Based on these optimizations, the sol-gel immunosorbent (SG-IS) selectively extracted isoproturon from an artificial mixture of 68 pesticides. In addition to this high selectivity, the SG-IS proved to be reusable. The SG-IS was combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to determine isoproturon in surface water, and the linear range was up to 2.2 mu g/l with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 and relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 5% (n = 8). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for 25-ml surface water sample was 5 ng/l. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Soluções tecnológicas e inovação 2015.

Pesquisa e inovação agropecuária para o fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar; Tecnologias de baixo custo evitam desperdício de água; Agricultores viram produtores de água no Distrito Federal; Agricultura de Precisão pode reduzir uso de água nas culturas; Cultivo de alimentos nas entrelinhas viabiliza dendê na agricultura familiar; Pesquisa vai mapear castanhais nativos e caracterizar sistemas de produção da castanha-do-brasil; Projetos apoiam agricultores familiares em 45 municípios no Amazonas; Agricultura sustentável ultrapassa fronteiras amazônicas; Troca de saberes fortalece agricultura indígena; Quilombo Brotas implanta Unidade de Referência Agroecológica; Agricultores fazem manejo florestal participativo da araucária; Árvores trazem benefícios para a lavoura em assentamento no RJ; Sistema silvipastoril muda realidade em condomínio de famílias no Paraná; Sistemas agroflorestais proporcionam desenvolvimento e equilíbrio no meio rural; Sistema de cultivo de frutas, grãos e hortaliças é adotado no Cerrado; Material genético da Embrapa garante diversidade de fruteiras para o Brasil; Pesquisa testa fruticultura orgânica em larga escala; Produção de acerola muda realidade de agricultores; Técnica aumenta produção do açaí em até cinco vezes; Agricultores gaúchos aprovam variedade de bananeira; Caju lançado pela Embrapa produz mesmo em tempos de seca; Frutas nativas diversificam agricultura familiar do Sul; Híbridos de maracujazeiro azedo para geração de emprego e renda no campo; Maracujazeiro silvestre oferece quatro vantagens para o agricultor familiar; Plantio de morango orgânico mostra-se vantajoso em Sergipe; Pera, maçã e caqui: novos nichos da fruticultura no Nordeste; Sistema Agritempo ajuda a monitorar a plantação; Sistema online auxilia monitoramento da agricultura; Alimentos biofortificados são produzidos na Borda Oeste do Pantanal; Café conilon BRS Ouro Preto pode impulsionar competitividade da cafeicultura na Amazônia; Manejo integrado de pragas também é importante para o trigo; Controle biológico de pragas reduz uso de agrotóxicos; Conhecimento ajuda a mudar produção de hortaliças no Pará; Sistema integrado de produção de mudas de hortaliças beneficia agricultores no RJ; Projeto viabiliza mercado para produtos da agricultura familiar no interior de Minas Gerais; Minibibliotecas: a pesquisa mais perto do homem do campo; Sistemas de acesso aberto oferecem informações agropecuárias para diversos públicos; Parceria com rede de radialistas garante Prosa Rural no ar há mais de uma década; Prosa Rural apoia ações de transferência de tecnologia no Alto Sertão Sergipano; Conhecimento das Minibibliotecas chega a jovens agricultores de Rondônia; Transferência de tecnologias agrícolas nas Escolas Famílias Rurais do Amapá; Mandioca ajuda a diminuir pobreza no campo; Maniveiro, uma nova figura na cadeia produtiva da mandioca; Projeto agrega valor à produção de mandioca e aumenta renda no Maranhão; Inovações de baixo custo facilitam a vida do horticultor familiar; Novo equipamento vai facilitar trabalho de produtores de bananas; Estratégias participativas ajudam no desenvolvimento de comunidades rurais; Transição agroecológica na agricultura familiar da Amazônia; Partilha dos saberes agroecológicos em territórios sergipanos; Assentados adotam sistema agroflorestal no interior de SP; Técnicas sustentáveis são compartilhadas na Fazendinha Agroecológica; Ciência se alia ao conhecimento dos agricultores no norte de Minas; Programa busca expandir mercado para vitivinicultura de polos tradicionais; Do campus ao campo: pesquisadores para a agricultura familiar; Queijo coalho de qualidade oferece alternativa rentável para agricultores; Sustentabilidade dos vinhos artesanais une modernidade e tradição; Plano de inovação promove gestão participativa e dinamiza agricultura familiar; Instituições se articulam pela solução dos problemas da agricultura familiar em Goiás; Capacitação melhora bovinocultura leiteira no Tocantins; Adoção de tecnologias por pequenos produtores melhora produção leiteira; A Rede Leite no noroeste gaúcho: em busca da sustentabilidade da produção; Pesquisa participativa busca perspectivas para produção orgânica de leite em unidades familiares; Mel pantaneiro; Retratos da vitória na produção de mel; Apicultores dedicados conseguem regularidade na produção de mel; Software orienta produtores de ovinos no controle de verminose; Projeto Alto Camaquã agrega valor aos produtores e ao ambiente; Projetos incentivam maior produção de peixe no Tocantins; Tecnologias em suínos para produtores que apostam em diferenciação; Avaliação de condição do rebanho ganha tecnologia simples e precisa; Tecnologia permite usar água com alto teor de sal; Algodão em consórcios agroecológicos beneficia 400 famílias no Semiárido; Unidades de Aprendizagem Familiar aumentam produção de animais no Ceará; Barragem subterrânea e cisterna calçadão mudam vidas de famílias do Semiárido; Cisternas garantem água para o Semiárido; Agricultores melhoram estrutura de produção em áreas de fruteiras e hortaliças; Famílias encontram alternativas para aumentar produtividade de grãos e frutas; Quintais produtivos ampliam renda de agricultores; Sisteminha Embrapa leva segurança alimentar para famílias de Parnaíba (PI); Pesquisas na região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro propiciam geração de tecnologias; Projeto apoia produtos tradicionais da agricultura familiar nos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro.

Identyfikacja domen WG/GW zaangażowanych w wiązanie białek Argonaute oraz analiza mechanizmów molekularnych odpowiedzialnych za ich zmienność

Wydział Biologii: Instytut Biologii Molekularnej i Biotechnologii

Auriculotherapy for pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Side-effects of standard pain medications can limit their use. Therefore, nonpharmacologic pain relief techniques such as auriculotherapy may play an important role in pain management. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating auriculotherapy for pain management. DESIGN: MEDLINE,(®) ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, AMED, and Cochrane Library were searched through December 2008. Randomized trials comparing auriculotherapy to sham, placebo, or standard-of-care control were included that measured outcomes of pain or medication use and were published in English. Two (2) reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility, quality, and abstracted data to a standardized form. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for studies using a pain score or analgesic requirement as a primary outcome. RESULTS: Seventeen (17) studies met inclusion criteria (8 perioperative, 4 acute, and 5 chronic pain). Auriculotherapy was superior to controls for studies evaluating pain intensity (SMD, 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 2.26]; 8 studies). For perioperative pain, auriculotherapy reduced analgesic use (SMD, 0.54 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.77]; 5 studies). For acute pain and chronic pain, auriculotherapy reduced pain intensity (SMD for acute pain, 1.35 [95% CI: 0.08, 2.64], 2 studies; SMD for chronic pain, 1.84 [95% CI: 0.60, 3.07], 5 studies). Removal of poor quality studies did not alter the conclusions. Significant heterogeneity existed among studies of acute and chronic pain, but not perioperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Auriculotherapy may be effective for the treatment of a variety of types of pain, especially postoperative pain. However, a more accurate estimate of the effect will require further large, well-designed trials.

Polymorphisms in the ACE and ADRB2 genes and risks of aging-associated phenotypes: the case of myocardial infarction.

Multiple functions of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes warrant studies of their associations with aging-related phenotypes. We focus on multimarker analyses and analyses of the effects of compound genotypes of two polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene, rs1042713 and rs1042714, and 11 polymorphisms of the ACE gene, on the risk of such an aging-associated phenotype as myocardial infarction (MI). We used the data from a genotyped sample of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (FHSO) cohort (n = 1500) followed for about 36 years with six examinations. The ADRB2 rs1042714 (C-->G) polymorphism and two moderately correlated (r(2) = 0.77) ACE polymorphisms, rs4363 (A-->G) and rs12449782 (A-->G), were significantly associated with risks of MI in this aging cohort in multimarker models. Predominantly linked ACE genotypes exhibited opposite effects on MI risks, e.g., the AA (rs12449782) genotype had a detrimental effect, whereas the predominantly linked AA (rs4363) genotype exhibited a protective effect. This trade-off occurs as a result of the opposite effects of rare compound genotypes of the ACE polymorphisms with a single dose of the AG heterozygote. This genetic trade-off is further augmented by the selective modulating effect of the rs1042714 ADRB2 polymorphism. The associations were not altered by adjustment for common MI risk factors. The results suggest that effects of single specific genetic variants of the ADRB2 and ACE genes on MI can be readily altered by gene-gene or/and gene-environmental interactions, especially in large heterogeneous samples. Multimarker genetic analyses should benefit studies of complex aging-associated phenotypes.

Identification and inhibitory properties of a novel Ca(2+)/calmodulin antagonist.

We developed a high-throughput yeast-based assay to screen for chemical inhibitors of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase pathways. After screening two small libraries, we identified the novel antagonist 125-C9, a substituted ethyleneamine. In vitro kinase assays confirmed that 125-C9 inhibited several calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) competitively with Ca(2+)/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM). This suggested that 125-C9 acted as an antagonist for Ca(2+)/CaM rather than for CaMKs. We confirmed this hypothesis by showing that 125-C9 binds directly to Ca(2+)/CaM using isothermal titration calorimetry. We further characterized binding of 125-C9 to Ca(2+)/CaM and compared its properties with those of two well-studied CaM antagonists: trifluoperazine (TFP) and W-13. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that binding of 125-C9 to CaM is absolutely Ca(2+)-dependent, likely occurs with a stoichiometry of five 125-C9 molecules to one CaM molecule, and involves an exchange of two protons at pH 7.0. Binding of 125-C9 is driven overall by entropy and appears to be competitive with TFP and W-13, which is consistent with occupation of similar binding sites. To test the effects of 125-C9 in living cells, we evaluated mitogen-stimulated re-entry of quiescent cells into proliferation and found similar, although slightly better, levels of inhibition by 125-C9 than by TFP and W-13. Our results not only define a novel Ca(2+)/CaM inhibitor but also reveal that chemically unique CaM antagonists can bind CaM by distinct mechanisms but similarly inhibit cellular actions of CaM.

Leveraging nanoscale plasmonic modes to achieve reproducible enhancement of light.

The strongly enhanced and localized optical fields that occur within the gaps between metallic nanostructures can be leveraged for a wide range of functionality in nanophotonic and optical metamaterial applications. Here, we introduce a means of precise control over these nanoscale gaps through the application of a molecular spacer layer that is self-assembled onto a gold film, upon which gold nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited electrostatically. Simulations using a three-dimensional finite element model and measurements from single NPs confirm that the gaps formed by this process, between the NP and the gold film, are highly reproducible transducers of surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering. With a spacer layer of roughly 1.6 nm, all NPs exhibit a strong Raman signal that decays rapidly as the spacer layer is increased.

Inkless microcontact printing on SAMs of Boc- and TBS-protected thiols.

We report a new inkless catalytic muCP technique that achieves accurate, fast, and complete pattern reproduction on SAMs of Boc- and TBS-protected thiols immobilized on gold using a polyurethane-acrylate stamp functionalized with covalently bound sulfonic acids. Pattern transfer is complete at room temperature just after one minute of contact and renders sub-200 nm size structures of chemically differentiated SAMs.

Gold nanoparticles on polarizable surfaces as Raman scattering antennas.

Surface plasmons supported by metal nanoparticles are perturbed by coupling to a surface that is polarizable. Coupling results in enhancement of near fields and may increase the scattering efficiency of radiative modes. In this study, we investigate the Rayleigh and Raman scattering properties of gold nanoparticles functionalized with cyanine deposited on silicon and quartz wafers and on gold thin films. Dark-field scattering images display red shifting of the gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance and doughnut-shaped scattering patterns when particles are deposited on silicon or on a gold film. The imaged radiation patterns and individual particle spectra reveal that the polarizable substrates control both the orientation and brightness of the radiative modes. Comparison with simulation indicates that, in a particle-surface system with a fixed junction width, plasmon band shifts are controlled quantitatively by the permittivity of the wafer or the film. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra and images are collected from cyanine on particles on gold films. SERRS images of the particles on gold films are doughnut-shaped as are their Rayleigh images, indicating that the SERRS is controlled by the polarization of plasmons in the antenna nanostructures. Near-field enhancement and radiative efficiency of the antenna are sufficient to enable Raman scattering cyanines to function as gap field probes. Through collective interpretation of individual particle Rayleigh spectra and spectral simulations, the geometric basis for small observed variations in the wavelength and intensity of plasmon resonant scattering from individual antenna on the three surfaces is explained.

Unrecognized pretransplant and donor‐derived cryptococcal disease in organ transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis occurring ≤30 days after transplantation is an unusual event, and its characteristics are not known. METHODS: Patients included 175 solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients with cryptococcosis in a multicenter cohort. Very early-onset and late-onset cryptococcosis were defined as disease occurring ≤30 days or >30 days after transplantation, respectively. RESULTS: Very early-onset disease developed in 9 (5%) of the 175 patients at a mean of 5.7 days after transplantation. Overall, 55.6% (5 of 9) of the patients with very early-onset disease versus 25.9% (43 of 166) of the patients with late-onset disease were liver transplant recipients (P = .05). Very early cases were more likely to present with disease at unusual locations, including transplanted allograft and surgical fossa/site infections (55.6% vs 7.2%; P < .001). Two very early cases with onset on day 1 after transplantation (in a liver transplant recipient with Cryptococcus isolated from the lung and a heart transplant recipient with fungemia) likely were the result of undetected pretransplant disease. An additional 5 cases involving the allograft or surgical sites were likely the result of donor‐acquired infection. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of SOT recipients with cryptococcosis present very early after transplantation with disease that appears to occur preferentially in liver transplant recipients and involves unusual sites, such as the transplanted organ or the surgical site. These patients may have unrecognized pretransplant or donor-derived cryptococcosis.

Imaging through turbulence using compressive coherence sensing.

Previous studies have shown that the isoplanatic distortion due to turbulence and the image of a remote object may be jointly estimated from the 4D mutual intensity across an aperture. This Letter shows that decompressive inference on a 2D slice of the 4D mutual intensity, as measured by a rotational shear interferometer, is sufficient for estimation of sparse objects imaged through turbulence. The 2D slice is processed using an iterative algorithm that alternates between estimating the sparse objects and estimating the turbulence-induced phase screen. This approach may enable new systems that infer object properties through turbulence without exhaustive sampling of coherence functions.

Expression signatures of TP53 mutations in serous ovarian cancers.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the TP53 gene are extremely common and occur very early in the progression of serous ovarian cancers. Gene expression patterns that relate to mutational status may provide insight into the etiology and biology of the disease. METHODS: The TP53 coding region was sequenced in 89 frozen serous ovarian cancers, 40 early stage (I/II) and 49 advanced stage (III/IV). Affymetrix U133A expression data was used to define gene expression patterns by mutation, type of mutation, and cancer stage. RESULTS: Missense or chain terminating (null) mutations in TP53 were found in 59/89 (66%) ovarian cancers. Early stage cancers had a significantly higher rate of null mutations than late stage disease (38% vs. 8%, p < 0.03). In advanced stage cases, mutations were more prevalent in short term survivors than long term survivors (81% vs. 30%, p = 0.0004). Gene expression patterns had a robust ability to predict TP53 status within training data. By using early versus late stage disease for out of sample predictions, the signature derived from early stage cancers could accurately (86%) predict mutation status of late stage cancers. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the first attempt to define a genomic signature of TP53 mutation in ovarian cancer. Patterns of gene expression characteristic of TP53 mutation could be discerned and included several genes that are known p53 targets or have been described in the context of expression signatures of TP53 mutation in breast cancer.