990 resultados para 209-1269


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研究了黄土沟壑区小流域塬面、坡地、梯田和沟道土壤微量元素的剖面分布特征,以揭示不同地形条件下微量元素的有效性及地球化学特性.结果表明,不同土层土壤全量微量元素的变异系数均小于15%,为小变异土壤性质,有效态和吸附态铁和锰的变异系数均高于36%,为高度变异土壤性质;有效态和吸附态锌和铜属于中到高度变异.全量铁、锰和铜以沟道土壤较高,全锌、有效态和吸附态微量元素含量以塬面土壤较高.不同形态微量元素的剖面分布趋势取决于地形条件.不同地形下成土过程及不同地形条件所对应的土地利用方式造成了全量微量元素的差异,而土壤有机质含量的差异是不同地形条件下有效态和吸附态微量元素剖面分布特征不同的主要原因.

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以黄土高原南部半湿润易旱区已进行17年的田间定位试验为研究对象,研究了不同培肥措施(不施肥、施用氮磷钾及氮磷钾与有机肥配合施用)下两种种植制度(一年1熟及一年两熟)和撂荒对土壤微生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)及可溶性有机碳、氮(SOC、SON)等含量的影响。结果表明,与一年1熟的小麦-休闲种植制度相比,一年两熟小麦-玉米轮作提高了0~10cm土层SMBC、SMBN、有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)和土壤SOC、SON的含量,而对10~20cm土层上述测定指标影响不大。与不施肥(CK)或单施化肥处理(NPK)下小麦-休闲和小麦-玉米轮作方式相比,撂荒处理显著提高了0~10cm土层各测定指标的含量。不同培肥措施相比,氮磷钾配施有机肥显著提高了0~10cm、10~20cm土层SMBC、SMBN含量;NPK处理0~10cm土层SMBN含量显著增加,10~20cm土层SMBN和0~10cm、10~20cm土层SMBC含量增加但未达显著水平。不同培肥措施和种植制度对SMBC/TOC和SMBN/TN的比例无明显影响。

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云市野生鲤鱼种娄为全国之冠。过去在渔业生产中,它们的产量曾占一定比重j现在种 群数量普遍减少,亟待保护 文中讨论了种质资源保存的意义和应采取的描箍。

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Three causes involved in the instability of the ISFET are proposed in this study. First, it is ascertained that hydroxyl group resident at the surface of the Si3N4 film or in the electrolyte solution is most active and subject to gain or loss of electrons. This is one of the main causes for ISFET structural instability. Secondly, the stability of the pH-sensitive FET varies with deposition conditions in the fabrication process of the ISFET. This proves to be another cause of ISFET instability. Thirdly, the pH of the measured solution varies with the measuring process and time, contributing to the instability, but is not a cause of the instability of the pH-ISFET itself. We utilized the technique of readjusting and controlling the ratio of hydroxyl groups to amine groups to enhance the stability of the ISFET. Our techniques to improve stability characteristics proved to be effective in practice.

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The damage removal and strain relaxation in the As+-implanted Si0.57Ge0.43 epilayers were studied by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results presented in this paper indicate that rapid thermal annealing at temperatures higher than 950 degrees C results in complete removal of irradiation damage accompained by the formation of GeAs precipitates which enhance the removal process of dislocations.

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利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在Si衬底上制备了ZnO单晶体薄膜,并在不同温度下生长了Ag膜作为肖特基电极,研究了Ag与ZnO的接触特性.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和Ⅰ-Ⅴ测试方法对样品的晶体质量、结构和电学性质进行了分析.结果表明,ZnO薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向,Ag膜随生长温度的不同的晶体质量有较大差异.样品在室温下的Ⅰ-Ⅴ测试结果表明Ag电极的生长温度对Ag/ZnO接触性能有重要影响.在150℃和200℃生长的Ag电极实现了Ag与ZnO的肖特基接触,电极生长温度低于150℃和高于200℃的样品Ag与ZnO均为欧姆接触.经过分析,肖特基接触的形成依赖于在Ag与ZnO接触界面处形成的p型反型层.

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采用射频磁控反应溅射法制备了氮化硅薄膜。利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、能谱(EDS)和光致发光谱(PL),通过与氮气中和空气中退火薄膜比较,对原沉积薄膜进行了成分与结构和发光特性研究。研究发现原沉积薄膜是部分晶化的富硅氮化硅薄膜,薄膜中晶态氮化硅颗粒的平均粒径为33nm;在氮气中退火后,纳米颗粒增大;在空气中退火后,薄膜被氧化,晶态颗粒消失。在4.67eV的光激发下,原沉积薄膜中观测到7个强的PL峰,其峰位分别为3.39,3.24,3.05,2.82,2.61,2.37和2.11eV。在氮气和空气中退火后,PL峰位和强度有变化。对其光致发光机制进行了探讨,认为硅悬挂键≡Si,氮悬挂键=N,硅错键≡Si-Si≡以及与氧有关的缺陷在富硅氮化硅薄膜高强度荧光发射中起主导作用。