Inclusão social de catadores de materiais recicláveis: estudo da política nacional de resíduos sólidos e da efetivação do trabalho decente em Natal/RN

The integrated management of municipal solid waste in Brazil is held legally responsible by the city council administration. This is done since the year 2010 with the publication of the National Solid Waste Policy term. According to the policy and law, each city must encourage the implementation of selective collection and the participation of waste picker´s entities aiming social inclusion. However, these actions haven’t yet reached its legal aims. These workers are considered regarding collection actions but are stripped of certain basic labor rights not in conformation with the Decent Work concept. This type of work, according to International Labour Organization, must be seen as work that is properly paid for and must be done regarding conditions of freedom, equity, security and able to provide workers with a dignified life conditions. Thus, this work aims to investigate the implementation process regarding the Solid Waste National Policy in Natal-Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. This is done considering socio-productive insertion of recyclable material collectors. The research is substantiated by a qualitative approach as well as documental and bibliographical research. A field research considering the cooperatives as well “in locco" observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out between the time span of 2013 and 2014. In order to investigate decent daily working conditions the research emphasized municipal management actions in Natal towards social inclusion that aim to reflect on the progress and difficulties experimented. It is seen that even when these cooperatives receive government support there are still important struggles that need to be overcome. The worker´s tasks are risky, the work environment in not safe or is adequate in terms of health issues. There is the stigma of it being considered an occupational task, the low individual income distancing the activity regarding parameters of the Green Employment and Decent Work concept. On the other hand, the survey showed potential as the relentless pursuit on behalf of the cooperatives that still search better work condition improvement.

Estudo do aproveitamento de resíduos PAE no desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos

This work presents a new ceramic material obtained through the incorporation of solid waste from the steel industry and known as dedusting powder PAE - in ceramic formulations based on clay, potassium and sodium feldspars, kaolin and talc. Formulations were prepared with ceramic residue levels of 0% (basic mass - MB), 2%, 4% and 8%, subjected to firing at temperatures of 1000 ° C, 1050ºC, 1100ºC and 1150ºC for periods of 15 min. and 120 min. The physicchemical and mechanical properties of these ceramic formulations were determined based on the firing temperature, residence time in the oven and the percentage of waste. Since the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the sintered materials were evaluated by chemical analysis techniques (fluorescence X-rays - FRX), particle size distribution, specific surface area, apparent density, structural analysis by diffraction of X-rays (DRX) and characterization of surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic response characteristics and the pattern of magnetic ferrites of the samples were analyzed in the assay conditions, having noticed that the saturation magnetic susceptibility depend on the sintering temperature of the material and it is associated with its crystal structure. From the analysis results, it was concluded that the ceramic material with better physical and mechanical properties is obtained when the 8% from PAE residue is added to standard formulation under the burn time of 15 minutes and temperature of 1150ºC.

Governança metropolitana e sustentabilidade: uma análise da gestão dos resíduos sólidos em Natal e Parnamirim

Nowadays the rapid growth of urban centers, the accumulation of social and environmental demands, the relationship between public policy and increasingly complex problems accentuates the feeling that cities undergo an urban crisis. This crisis is especially characterized by its multidimensionality, which goes through economic, cultural, ethical, environmental and, above all, political issues. In order to study the core of this crisis that is manifested by the urbanization process and has in its exacerbation on the metropolitan areas was conducted conceptual and theoretical study of the meaning of sustainable development applied to the everyday reality of cities, extracting from this debate concepts, such as: sustainable territorial development, administrative sustainability and political sustainability. Looking forward to test this the practical applicability of these theoretical concepts studied, an empirical study was done on the reality of metropolitan solid waste in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. According to the recent theoretical debate, the waste comprises a sector of the urban environmental crisis that best represents the relationship between man and environment. Ensuring the multidimensionality of environmental issues through the “Saber Ambietal” (LEFF, 2005), was made a extensive qualitative study correlating the concepts of sustainable territorial development, metropolitan governance and “Saber Ambiental” applied on solid waste. The results point to the real challenges of municipal government in understanding the real situation, take action and change the inertia in which have operated in recent decades. The results also showed the importance of transforming environmental issues in political, in other words, struggle for ideas, ideological and ethical references.

Governança metropolitana e sustentabilidade: uma análise da gestão dos resíduos sólidos em Natal e Parnamirim

Nowadays the rapid growth of urban centers, the accumulation of social and environmental demands, the relationship between public policy and increasingly complex problems accentuates the feeling that cities undergo an urban crisis. This crisis is especially characterized by its multidimensionality, which goes through economic, cultural, ethical, environmental and, above all, political issues. In order to study the core of this crisis that is manifested by the urbanization process and has in its exacerbation on the metropolitan areas was conducted conceptual and theoretical study of the meaning of sustainable development applied to the everyday reality of cities, extracting from this debate concepts, such as: sustainable territorial development, administrative sustainability and political sustainability. Looking forward to test this the practical applicability of these theoretical concepts studied, an empirical study was done on the reality of metropolitan solid waste in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. According to the recent theoretical debate, the waste comprises a sector of the urban environmental crisis that best represents the relationship between man and environment. Ensuring the multidimensionality of environmental issues through the “Saber Ambietal” (LEFF, 2005), was made a extensive qualitative study correlating the concepts of sustainable territorial development, metropolitan governance and “Saber Ambiental” applied on solid waste. The results point to the real challenges of municipal government in understanding the real situation, take action and change the inertia in which have operated in recent decades. The results also showed the importance of transforming environmental issues in political, in other words, struggle for ideas, ideological and ethical references.

Gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos: diretrizes jurídico-ambientais para a sustentabilidade

rates in the Brazilian cities, which time there is an inexistent theoretical reflection about public policy statement adding the way of Urban Solid Waste (USW) and tailing integrated management plans in the majorly Brazilian cities. The unappropriated solid waste disposal and final pollution result in a strong socioenvironmental problems and material extravagancies that should be used to recycling and reusing waste material, besides bringing immense challenges for the thematic Strategy Urban and Environmental Management it considers the Sustainable City Model. Moreover, this labor projects a discussion about USW problematic through legally and environmentally point of view, including the public environmental policy and the social technologies as resolution tactics. At that time, it reports rights, scientific articles, documents and Environmental Law Doctrine on findings thematic studies, also the propose displays an interdisciplinary research methodology which combines bibliographic method - focusing theory aspects of the legally environmentally guiding principle, public policy and social technologies. Those are theorist features very important to create a Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (PMGIRS) - modus operandi of the Federal Law n. 12.305/2010 (National Solid Waste Policy - PNRS). That policy is interesting to receive financial resources from federal government (Cities Ministry; idem, Federal Decree n. 7.404/2010 and Federal Law n. 10.257/2001) helping the preservation of the environment, regional development, generation of jobs and income (art. 6º), in addition broadening spreading’s private companies dedicated to waste management. Consequently, the PNRS contains a set of guidelines and general procedures; it should be an operation of this legal policy contextualized by Social Technologies theory (TS) into social issues, legal, economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, this research notes the possibility of public policy statement implementation over and done with the PNRS by the terms of development and sustainability in the urban space.

Independent Projects Environmental Studies 2001: Environmental Auditing Strategy for Sir Wilfred Grenfell College

Overconsumption has caused environmental degradation, while creating a dependence on convenience commodities. It is the disposal of solid waste which will prove problematic in the future with growing world populations requiring resources and the use of the land. Universities, as institutions of higher learning, have an opportunity to reduce their environmental impact through its daily operations. Adopting an environmental management system and creating an environmental policy is the means by which these institutions become sustainable campuses. Stewardship policies are developed for universities, such as Sir Wilfred Grenfell College by analyzing current consumptive practices of the students, Faculty, and staff at the institution, often by way of an environmental audit

Produção de biopolímeros por culturas microbianas mistas selecionadas

Com a realização deste trabalho, pretendeu-se efetuar uma seleção de culturas mistas em reatores semi-descontínuos (SBR) com capacidade de acumulação de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA). Para a seleção de culturas foram utilizados inóculos provenientes de diferentes Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) e ácidos orgânicos voláteis (AOV) como fonte de carbono. Foram testadas diferentes condições como a proveniência do inóculo, as cargas orgânicas aplicadas e a seleção de culturas utilizando soro de queijo. Verificaram-se elevadas remoções da CQO (acima de 90%) em grande parte dos ensaios realizados, apresentando uma acumulação de PHA por parte de algumas espécies de bactérias presentes. Ocorreu o aparecimento de microrganismos filamentosos com capacidade de acumulação de PHA em alguns ensaios, levando a serem testadas como culturas acumuladoras de PHA. A estabilidade das culturas mistas não foi atingida, mesmo havendo ensaios com 80 dias de operação. Efetuaram-se ensaios de acumulação de PHA em reatores descontínuos, utilizando as culturas selecionadas anteriormente em reatores SBR, com AOV provenientes da acidificação anaeróbia de diferentes resíduos (Fração Orgânica dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos - FORSU e Soro de Queijo). Verificou-se uma melhor acumulação por parte das culturas selecionadas com soro de queijo, na qual a quantidade de polímero acumulado triplicou.

Perfil e evolução das pesquisas brasileiras em gestão dos resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o perfil e a evolução das pesquisas brasileiras sobre a Gestão dos Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos (REEE) nos principais periódicos e congressos brasileiros da área da Administração. Os termos “lixo eletrônico”, “resíduos eletrônicos”, “lixo informático”, “resíduo de equipamentos eletrônicos”, “resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos”, “e-waste” e “e-lixo”, foram pesquisados nas bases de dados de 205 revistas (Qualis CAPES A1, A2, B1 e B2) e em quatro congressos nacionais (Engema, Enanpad, Ecoinovar e Simpoi). A leitura dos 30 artigos selecionados privilegiaram a identificação de um conjunto de variáveis, tais como: ano e local da publicação do trabalho, visualização do perfil, vínculo institucional e titulação dos autores, a fundamentação teórica, a abordagem metodológica e os tipos de REEE pesquisados. Os resultados apontam que a publicação é escassa, porém a média de publicações aumentou após o ano de 2010 sendo um dos fatores que podem ter influenciado neste crescimento a aprovação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, ocorrida neste mesmo ano. As pesquisas nacionais estão analisando predominantemente resíduos de equipamentos informáticos. Constatamos que inexistem pesquisas sobre REEE nas regiões norte e centro-oeste. Do ponto de vista metodológico observa-se predominância de estudos de caso descritivos e de abordagem qualitativa.

A gestão adequada de resíduos: ênfase ao setor de construção civil

O presente trabalho traz uma analise exploratória a cerca da situação do setor de construção civil e seu impacto ambiental, assim como, o problema da falta de gestão adequada, que possibilite através de politicas públicas e instrumentos econômicos, formas sustentáveis de lidar com os resíduos gerados em todo território nacional. Analisou-se o Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), elaborado para nortear os municípios brasileiros na adequação da Politica Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. O PNRS expõe um histórico da situação dos resíduos, e apresenta alternativas especificas para corrigir as externalidades geradas por sua disposição indiscriminada, além de propor metas de gestão eficiente, e alertar quanto as punições estabelecidas pelo não cumprimento da Lei 12.305, que entrou em vigor no dia 02 de agosto de 2010, dando um prazo de quatro anos para que os municípios encontrassem maneiras de descartar de forma correta seus resíduos sólidos, dentre outras abordagens. Também foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico com uso de conceitos microeconômicos envolvendo externalidades, pelo qual se podem notar as diferentes formas negativas com que o setor impacta o meio ambiente.

Compass e-newsletter

The “Compass E-Newsletter” is published quarterly by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and is compiled by the Office of Solid Waste Reduction and Recycling to provide environmental information from the agency.

Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de percolados em áreas de disposição de resíduos na região metropolitana de Natal/RN

Leachates are effluent produced by decomposition of solid waste, they have complex composition and can be highly toxic. Therefore such percolated liquid should be collected and treated properly to avoid environmental contamination of soil and of water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity through ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea) of percolated liquids generated in two different systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the city of Natal/ RN: A Sanitary Landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/ RN, and in a dump off area. Furthermore, it was evaluated the possible contamination of the underground water of the dump off area. Two monthly samples were taken at four points between the months of May/2009 and January/2010. The Point "A" corresponds to the end of the pond leachate treatment in ASRMN; The Point "B" corresponds to a containment pond at the dump. The Point "C" is an area near one of the cells of the dump off area where the leachate outcrops; The Point "D" stands for an underground water well at the area. The last point, called "E" was sampled only once and corresponds to the slurry produced by temporary accumulation of solid waste in the open area of the dump. The ecotoxicological tests, acute and chronic, followed the ABNT 13373/2005 rules, with some modifications. The samples were characterized by measuring the pH number, the dissolved oxygen (DO), the salinity, BOD5, COD, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Zn. At Point A, the average number of EC50-48h ranged between 1.0% and 2.77% (v/v), showing a high toxicity of the leachate to C.dubia in all months. To this point, positive correlations were found between the EC50- 48 with precipitation. Negative correlations were found between the EC50- 48h with salinity. At point B there was no response of the acute exposure of organisms to the test samples. At point C the EC50-48h ranged from 17.68% to 35.36% in just two months of the five ones analyzed, not correlated meaning. Point D, the EC50-48h level ranged between 12.31% and 71.27%, showed a negative correlation with, only, precipitation. Although it was observed toxicity of underground water in the Landfill Area, there was no evidence of water contamination by leachate, however, due to the toxic character of this water, additional tests should be conducted to confirm the quality of water that is used for human supply. At point E there was no acute toxicity. These results support the dangers of inappropriate disposal of MSW to water bodies due to the high toxicity of the leachate produced highlighting the necessity of places of safe confinement and a treatment system more effective to it

Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU): breve incursão às variáveis teóricas de suporte, de avaliação e de comunicação

Quando se fala em gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, normalmente, somos encaminhados para a problemática em torno dos recursos necessários efetivos e respetiva forma de relacionamento, com especial destaque para os colaboradores e equipamentos de deposição e recolha. Contudo, por detrás desta atividade diária, existe um conjunto de variáveis que ajudam a percecionar, a perceber, a enquadrar, a aceitar e a promover as ações que justifiquem as decisões tomadas por quem de direito. Estas, apesar de terem um forte impacto na eficácia desejada, do ponto de vista do suporte e da avaliação, pouco se reconhecem, com este papel. De todas as que se podem aferir, destaca-se neste texto, as referentes às questões legais (europeias e nacionais), tais como as diretivas comunitárias e decretos-lei; as de natureza técnica, que nos levam às ferramentas de gestão que combinam dados alfanuméricos e georreferenciados e as de natureza institucional, fazendo-se referência (hierarquicamente falando), aos organismos envolvidos no processo e as suas funções, que vão desde a avaliação à comunicação. Apesar de uma abordagem meramente teórica, ela é a base que congrega as razões e as indicações, os instrumentos e os indicadores de suporte, que permitem a posteriori a análise aos resultados atingidos e suas implicações, na sociedade e nas instituições responsáveis pela gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.

Gestão e desenvolvimento regional na ride/DF: corsap-DF/GO como modalidade de associativismo territorial

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU): breve incursão às variáveis teóricas de suporte, de avaliação e de comunicação

Quando se fala em gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, normalmente, somos encaminhados para a problemática em torno dos recursos necessários efetivos e respetiva forma de relacionamento, com especial destaque para os colaboradores e equipamentos de deposição e recolha. Contudo, por detrás desta atividade diária, existe um conjunto de variáveis que ajudam a percecionar, a perceber, a enquadrar, a aceitar e a promover as ações que justifiquem as decisões tomadas por quem de direito. Estas, apesar de terem um forte impacto na eficácia desejada, do ponto de vista do suporte e da avaliação, pouco se reconhecem, com este papel. De todas as que se podem aferir, destaca-se neste texto, as referentes às questões legais (europeias e nacionais), tais como as diretivas comunitárias e decretos-lei; as de natureza técnica, que nos levam às ferramentas de gestão que combinam dados alfanuméricos e georreferenciados e as de natureza institucional, fazendo-se referência (hierarquicamente falando), aos organismos envolvidos no processo e as suas funções, que vão desde a avaliação à comunicação. Apesar de uma abordagem meramente teórica, ela é a base que congrega as razões e as indicações, os instrumentos e os indicadores de suporte, que permitem a posteriori a análise aos resultados atingidos e suas implicações, na sociedade e nas instituições responsáveis pela gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.