F-1 Food Assistance Program State Summary, May 2011

The Food Assistance Monthly Participation Report is a monthly summary of Food Assistance program participation, statewide and for each Iowa county. Breakouts are reported for participants also in the FIP program, those only receiving Food Assistance, and those that are receiving economic assistance under other programs (primarily Medicaid). This report may also be known as the F-1 Report.

Structural quality of soils cultivated with coffee and pasture in an environmental protection area

Studies of soils in Environmental Protection Areas (EPAs) are of great importance, because they are an essential component of ecosystems, directly interfering in environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural quality of soil cultivated with coffee and used as pasture in the Capituva's River microbasin, which is located in the Environmental Protection Area in Coqueiral, south of the state of Minas Gerais. Uniaxial compression test (preconsolidation test) and soil resistance to penetration were used. Undisturbed samples were taken from the surface layer (0-5 cm) of the soils in the area: a typic dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd - Oxisol), a typic eutrophic Red Argisol (PVe - Ultisol), and a typic dystrophic Haplic Cambisol (CXbd - Inceptisol). A significant linear positive correlation was observed between the results of the preconsolidation test and soil resistance to penetration. Load bearing capacity of soil could be estimated accordingly by means of penetration resistance for LVd, PVe, and CXbd. Cambisol - CXbd showed lower loading support capacity and resistance to penetration than LVd and PVe, due to the better crop management in this soil that resulted in higher physical quality which accounts for higher production and environmental sustainability.

F-1 Food Assistance Program State Summary, June 2011

The Food Assistance Monthly Participation Report is a monthly summary of Food Assistance program participation, statewide and for each Iowa county. Breakouts are reported for participants also in the FIP program, those only receiving Food Assistance, and those that are receiving economic assistance under other programs (primarily Medicaid). This report may also be known as the F-1 Report.

Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries

Selostus: Kotieläintuotannon osuus kehitysmaiden ruoantuotannosta

The biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria with emphasis on applications in food safety and human health

Selostus: Terveyttä ja ruoan turvallisuutta edistävät maitohappobakteerien biotekniset sovellukset

F-1 Food Assistance Program State Summary, July 2011

The Food Assistance Monthly Participation Report is a monthly summary of Food Assistance program participation, statewide and for each Iowa county. Breakouts are reported for participants also in the FIP program, those only receiving Food Assistance, and those that are receiving economic assistance under other programs (primarily Medicaid). This report may also be known as the F-1 Report.

Pedochronology and development of peat bog in the environmental protection area pau-de-fruta - Diamantina, Brazil

In the region of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, peat bog is formed in hydromorphic environments developed in sunken areas on the plain surfaces with vegetation adapted to hydromorphic conditions, favoring the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This pedoenvironment is developed on the regionally predominant quartzite rocks. Peat bog in the Environmental Protection Area - APA Pau-de-Fruta, located in the watershed of Córrego das Pedras, Diamantina,Brazil, was mapped and three representative profiles were morphologically characterized and sampled for physical, chemical and microbiological analyses. The organic matter was fractionated into fulvic acid (FA), humic acids (HA) and humin (H). Two profiles were sampled to determine the radiocarbon age and δ13C. The structural organization of the three profiles is homogeneous. The first two layers consist of fibric, the two subsequent of hemic and the four deepest of sapric peat, showing that organic matter decomposition advances with depth and that the influence of mineral materials in deeper layers is greater. Physical properties were homogeneous in the profiles, but varied in the sampled layers. Chemical properties were similar in the layers, but the Ca content, sum of bases and base saturation differed between profiles. Contents of H predominated in the more soluble organic matter fractions and were accumulated at a higher rate in the surface and deeper layers, while HA levels were higher in the intermediate and FA in the deeper layers. Microbial activity did not vary among profiles and was highest in the surface layers, decreasing with depth. From the results of radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis, it was inferred that bog formation began about 20 thousand years ago and that the vegetation of the area had not changed significantly since then.

Exopolysaccharides produced by the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of leguminosae

The process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), performed by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria with legume species, commonly known as α and β rhizobia, provides high sustainability for the ecosystems. Its management as a biotechnology is well succeeded for improving crop yields. A remarkable example of this success is the inoculation of Brazilian soybeans with Bradyrhizobium strains. Rhizobia produce a wide diversity of chemical structures of exopolysaccharides (EPS). Although the role of EPS is relatively well studied in the process of BNF, their economic and environmental potential is not yet explored. These EPS are mostly species-specific heteropolysaccharides, which can vary according to the composition of sugars, their linkages in a single subunit, the repeating unit size and the degree of polymerization. Studies have showed that the EPS produced by rhizobia play an important role in the invasion process, infection threads formation, bacteroid and nodule development and plant defense response. These EPS also confer protection to these bacteria when exposed to environmental stresses. In general, strains of rhizobia that produce greater amounts of EPS are more tolerant to adverse conditions when compared with strains that produce less. Moreover, it is known that the EPS produced by microorganisms are widely used in various industrial activities. These compounds, also called biopolymers, provide a valid alternative for the commonly used in food industry through the development of products with identical properties or with better rheological characteristics, which can be used for new applications. The microbial EPS are also able to increase the adhesion of soil particles favoring the mechanical stability of aggregates, increasing levels of water retention and air flows in this environment. Due to the importance of EPS, in this review we discuss the role of these compounds in the process of BNF, in the adaptation of rhizobia to environmental stresses and in the process of soil aggregation. The possible applications of these biopolymers in industry are also discussed.

F-1 Food Assistance Program State Summary, August 2011

The Food Assistance Monthly Participation Report is a monthly summary of Food Assistance program participation, statewide and for each Iowa county. Breakouts are reported for participants also in the FIP program, those only receiving Food Assistance, and those that are receiving economic assistance under other programs (primarily Medicaid). This report may also be known as the F-1 Report.

Evaluation des connaissances des mesures légales de protection de la maternité au travail (OProma) chez les femmes enceintes et chez les gynécologues

Pour permettre à une femme enceinte de continuer à travailler en toute sécurité, l'OProma (ordonnance du Département fédéral de l'économie sur les activités dan- gereuses ou pénibles en cas de grossesse et de maternité) est entrée en vigueur en 2001. Cette loi concerne les employeurs, les médecins traitants, les gynécologues et les travailleuses enceintes et précise comment certains travaux, substances, ou micro- organismes peuvent faire courir un risque potentiel à la mère et à son enfant et comment ces risques doivent être évalués et traités. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer, par le biais de questionnaires, l'état des connaissances des mesures légales de protection de la maternité au travail en général et plus spécifi- quement de l'OProma, chez 76 femmes enceintes suivies à la consultation d'obstétrique du CHUV (questionnaires administrés en face à face) et chez 87 gynécologues du CHUV et installés en Suisse romande (questionnaire on line). Les objectifs sont : déterminer la prévalence de la connaissance de ces dispositions légales, évaluer les facteurs person- nels pouvant influencer la connaissance de ces dernières, les raisons possibles du manque d'information et les mesures pouvant être prises pour améliorer cet état de fait. Concernant les femmes enceintes, 68% savent qu'il existe des mesures légales et 32% connaissent l'OProma, surtout par le biais de l'employeur et de l'entourage. L'unique facteur personnel significatif influençant la connaissance des mesures légales est le niveau de formation. Concernant les gynécologues, 95% savent qu'il existe des mesures légales et 47% connaissent l'existence de l'ordonnance, surtout dans le cadre de la formation continue. Les facteurs personnels significatifs sont l'âge et leurs années d'expérience pro- fessionnelle. Les deux populations trouvent que le manque d'information provient d'une méconnaissance de ces dispositions légales chez les employeurs. Les gynécologues re- connaissent aussi leurs lacunes et se sentent mal informés. Pour améliorer le manque d'information, les femmes demandent à en être informées par leur gynécologue. Les gy- nécologues désirent plus d'information et de formation sur la thématique. Il en ressort que les deux populations ont une bonne connaissance de l'existence de me- sures légales en général mais l'OProma spécifiquement est peu connue. Les gynécologues la connaissent mieux que les femmes enceintes, ce qui est loin d'être suffisant. Chez les femmes enceintes, le niveau de formation a été choisi dans cette étude comme indica- teur pour la classe sociale. L'appartenance à une classe sociale plus élevée induit une meilleure connaissance des mesures légales et de l'OProma. Chez les gynécologues, les médecins plus âgés et donc plus expérimentés connaissent mieux les mesures légales et l'OProma. Probablement, un médecin avec plus de pratique, la globalité de la patiente avec sa problématique sociale sera mieux prise en considération, en comparaison à un jeune médecin plus focalisé sur les problèmes somatiques. Il y a encore des efforts à faire concernant la formation des gynécologues et des em- ployeurs à propos de ce sujet. En effet, ces derniers se doivent d'assurer à la travailleuse enceinte une grossesse sans danger.

F-1 Food Assistance Program State Summary, September 2011

The Food Assistance Monthly Participation Report is a monthly summary of Food Assistance program participation, statewide and for each Iowa county. Breakouts are reported for participants also in the FIP program, those only receiving Food Assistance, and those that are receiving economic assistance under other programs (primarily Medicaid). This report may also be known as the F-1 Report.