Restrição externa, dependência estrutural de commodities primárias e o investimento direto externo no Brasil

As the beginning of the discussion about the reprimarization process of the Brazilian exportations, or about a deindustrialization process of the country foreign sales, this study purpose that the discussion, actually, should be about the existence of the commodities structural dependence as a way to face the foreign restrictions. Therefore the intention is to show that, historically, the way that the Brazilian economy has crossed for its development depends of the foreign capital, mainly in its way of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and in the balance generated by the primary products, which make us try to understand the impact of this capital for the equilibrium of the Brazilian Payment Balance and also for the economy. These points were discussed not only based on the Brazilian classic writers as Francisco Oliveira, Caio Prado Jr. and Celso Furtado, but also using the newest studies which contributes to point the causes and consequences of the external capital dependence in the actual scenario. The conclusions acquired in the end of the study, indicates the fact that the Brazilian specialization in products of low aggregated value is not recent. Brazil is, historically, a competitive country in primary products. At the same time, the country importation always was a pressure factor of the National Payments Balance, being composed by products with more aggregated value. According to some authors, this characteristic of the Brazilian Economy will be surpassed with the economic opening process, which will attract external capital making possible the modernization of the Brazilian productive sector. Therefore, we can claim that the FDI, in the way it has been inserted in the country, does not offer the opportunity to get out of the commodities dependence, as generators of the payment balances, because the country international competitive standard didn t get any important changes, keeping itself out of the step related to the global standard which has been intensified in products with more aggregated value. The changes in the national insertion standard directed to more technological products is really important to surpass the historical scenario of commodities dependence, making the country less vulnerable to external crisis.

Influence of LAR and VAR on Para-Aminopyridine Antimalarials Targetting Haematin in Chloroquine-Resistance

Antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) prevents haematin detoxication when CQ-base concentrates in the acidic digestive vacuole through protonation of its p-aminopyridine (pAP) basic aro- matic nitrogen and sidechain diethyl-N. CQ export through the variant vacuolar membrane export channel, PFCRT, causes CQ-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum but 3-methyl CQ (sontochin SC), des-ethyl amodiaquine (DAQ) and bis 4-aminoquinoline piperaquine (PQ) are still active. This is determined by changes in drug accumulation ratios in parasite lipid (LAR) and in vacuolar water (VAR). Higher LAR may facilitate drug binding to and blocking PFCRT and also aid haematin in lipid to bind drug. LAR for CQ is only 8.3; VAR is 143,482. More hydrophobic SC has LAR 143; VAR remains 68,523. Similarly DAQ with a phenol sub- stituent has LAR of 40.8, with VAR 89,366. In PQ, basicity of each pAP is reduced by distal piperazine N, allowing very high LAR of 973,492, retaining VAR of 104,378. In another bis quinoline, dichlorquinazine (DCQ), also active but clinically unsatisfactory, each pAP retains basicity, being insulated by a 2-carbon chain from a proximal nitrogen of the single linking piperazine. While LAR of 15,488 is still high, the lowest estimate of VAR approaches 4.9 million. DCQ may be expected to be very highly lysosomotropic and therefore potentially hepatotoxic. In 11 pAP antimalarials a quadratic relationship between logLAR and logRe- sistance Index (RI) was confirmed, while log (LAR/VAR) vs logRI for 12 was linear. Both might be used to predict the utility of structural modifications.

Ajuste estrutural e educação superior no Brasil: princípios negados

SILVA, Hiran Francisco Oliveira Lopes da. A juste estruturale educação superior no Brasil: princípios negados. 206 f., 2007. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, 2007.

Atuação do estado como empregador de última instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil

GOMES, Z. B. ; LOURENÇO, André Luís Cabral de . Atuação do estado como empregador de última instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil. In: Encontro Nacional de Economia Política,13., 2008, João Pessoa/PB. Anais... João Pessoa, 2008.

Desempenho internacional de empresas exportadoras: um modelo estrutural baseado em capacidades organizacionais e ambiente

The internationalization as an organizational phenomenon fundamentally strategic had as theoretical contributions some Schools that throughout the decades 60, 70, and 80 developed behavioral and economic approaches in order to explain the process. The behavioral approach deals with the perception of phenomenon as a gradual process from the perspective of the executives behavior (JOHANSON and VAHLNE, 1977; HALLÉN and WIEDERSHEIM - PAUL, 1979; CZINKOTA, 1985). This phenomenon in permanent theoretical and managerial evolution made an opportunity to build this investigation, whose goal is to analyse the impact comes from organizational capabilities and the external environment on the international performance of exporting firms. For both, were used as theoretical basis two types of analysis for the comprehension of international performance: Strategic Management - Industrial Organization and Resource-Based View and International Businesses - Current Economic and Behavioral. It was made a cross-sectional survey-based explanatory research, including 150 exporting companies with operations in the Northeast of Brazil. A conceptual model was made with eight constructs and eight research hypotheses, representative of the effects of external factors on international performance. The data were processed using the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The structural equations model was reespecified and estimated through the use of the maximum-likelihood method up to achieve adequated values of indexes of adjustment. As the main theoretical contribution, were identified organizational and physical resources which shows the importance of the management skills development, of the learning capability and capability to establish strategic alliances abroad. That because the knowledge, as the operational point of view as in its strategic application, offers to organization conditions of market positioning which can create opportunities sustainable competitive advantages and which impact the performance of international companies

Efectos de la temperatura sobre el peso seco, concentración de aceite y la proporción de ácidos grasos en el aceite de frutos de olivo (Olea europaea L. var Arauco)

Las respuestas de los componentes del rendimiento y de la calidad del aceite a la temperatura aún no han sido estudiadas en olivo ni en otras oleaginosas que acumulan aceite principalmente en mesocarpo (cerca de 95 por ciento del total en el caso de olivo). La información disponible en olivo se basa en correlaciones ligadas a variaciones en ubicación geográfica, altitud y años en los que pudieron covariar con la temperatura otros factores (radiación, disponibilidad hídrica, nutrición, etc). El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar el rol de la temperatura durante el crecimiento de frutos de olivo sobre el peso seco de los mismos, su contenido y concentración de aceite y las proporciones de ácidos grasos del aceite. Se realizaron experimentos manipulativos aplicados a ramas fructíferas creciendo a campo, utilizando cámaras transparentes con control y registro de temperatura. Los rangos de temperaturas medias alcanzados (entre 15-32 ºC) fueron mucho mayores a los rangos de 1 y 4 ºC logrados en estudios correlativos y permitieron generar relaciones funcionales para el peso seco del fruto, su concentración de aceite, y la proporción de ácidos grasos en el aceite. El contraste entre aplicaciones de temperaturas mayores o menores al ambiente durante períodos largos (114 días) y cortos (30 días) demostraron que tanto la proporción de aceite del fruto como la de ácido oleico en el aceite de fruto entero (mesocarpo + semilla) disminuye al aumentar la temperatura. Si bien en ambas estructuras del fruto la temperatura tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la concentración de aceite, las respuestas a la temperatura de la proporción de ácidos grasos de la semilla y el mesocarpo, medidos en forma separada, difirieron entre sí. Los patrones de respuesta de las proporciones de ácidos grasos en el aceite de semilla mostraron similitudes con las conocidas para especies oleaginosas de semilla como girasol. Por contraste, en el aceite de mesocarpo de olivo la proporción de ácido oleico disminuyó con el aumento de la temperatura, patrón opuesto a lo manifestado en semillas de olivo y en las de oleaginosas anuales. En esta tesis también se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura mínima nocturna sobre el crecimiento de los frutos y la calidad del aceite. Los resultados sugieren que la temperatura mínima nocturna y la amplitud térmica diarias son las dimensiones del régimen térmico diario con los que mejor se asociaron los cambios en el peso seco del fruto, la proporción de aceite y las proporciones de ácidos grasos en el mismo. Los resultados de esta tesis sirven para guiar la selección de sitios de plantación de nuevos olivares basados en los registros térmicos zonales, y para explicar los desajustes de la proporción de ácidos grasos del aceite de oliva producido en el NOA y la normativa del Consejo Oleícola Internacional (COI). Las relaciones funcionales entre las variables respuesta y la temperatura definidas podrán incorporarse en modelos de simulación del rendimiento y calidad que se desarrollen en el futuro. Tomados en conjunto con la tendencia al aumento de la temperatura, producto del calentamiento global, los resultados permitirán estimar la magnitud de los impactos negativos que podrían afectar el rendimiento del cultivo y la calidad del aceite.

A concepção estrutural como expressão plástica: um olhar tectônico sobre arquitetura em madeira

This work regards to the structural conception as a formal element of design in wood architecture. On this approach, the group of projects studied is formed by some realized works of two important Brazilian architects: Severiano Porto and Marcos Acayaba. The time interval comprises the period from 1971 to 1997, which correspond respectively to the years of the creation of first and the last of the analyzed constructions. The research perspective concerns to the relationship between the parts, the whole and the building techniques adopted in each project. Moreover, the analysis focuses on the structure as the link among the different projectual ideas. Thus, the research method firstly includes a survey of specific bibliographies and documents which refer to the structural conception in wood architecture. Secondly,the buildings are analyzed according to the methods of architectural composition discussed through this work.

Do U.S. and Colombian macro factors improve the forecasting ability of unrestricted VAR models of the local term structure of interest rate?

Este estudio empírico compara la capacidad de los modelos Vectores auto-regresivos (VAR) sin restricciones para predecir la estructura temporal de las tasas de interés en Colombia -- Se comparan modelos VAR simples con modelos VAR aumentados con factores macroeconómicos y financieros colombianos y estadounidenses -- Encontramos que la inclusión de la información de los precios del petróleo, el riesgo de crédito de Colombia y un indicador internacional de la aversión al riesgo mejora la capacidad de predicción fuera de la muestra de los modelos VAR sin restricciones para vencimientos de corto plazo con frecuencia mensual -- Para vencimientos de mediano y largo plazo los modelos sin variables macroeconómicas presentan mejores pronósticos sugiriendo que las curvas de rendimiento de mediano y largo plazo ya incluyen toda la información significativa para pronosticarlos -- Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones importantes para los administradores de portafolios, participantes del mercado y responsables de las políticas

Ajuste estrutural e educação superior no Brasil: princípios negados

SILVA, Hiran Francisco Oliveira Lopes da. A juste estruturale educação superior no Brasil: princípios negados. 206 f., 2007. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, 2007.

Atuação do estado como empregador de última instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil

GOMES, Z. B. ; LOURENÇO, André Luís Cabral de . Atuação do estado como empregador de última instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil. In: Encontro Nacional de Economia Política,13., 2008, João Pessoa/PB. Anais... João Pessoa, 2008.

Predicción de tipos de cambio reales utilizando modelos VAR Bayesianos

El presente trabajo busca documentar el potencial de los modelos VAR Bayesianos (BVAR) para la predicción de índices de tipos de cambio reales efectivos. Para esto, se prueban distintas especificaciones de modelos predictivos utilizando la base angosta de índices de tipos de cambio reales efectivos de BIS que incluye datos para 27 economías. En primera instancia se prueban modelos univariados simples para realizar las predicciones y tener un punto de referencia para las estimaciones BVAR. El análisis de los resultados de las predicciones de los modelos BVAR tradicionales muestran que estos por sí solos no tienen un mejor desempeño que los modelos univariados. Estos resultados son robustos a la ventana de estimación, y a la especificación de los priors del BVAR.

PALATALIZAÇÃO NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO E NAS LÍNGUAS DO MUNDO: MOTIVAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL, SELEÇÃO DE GATILHOS E ALVOS

Este artigo aborda a palatalização em português brasileiro (PB) e nas línguas do mundo, com os objetivos de esclarecer a motivação estrutural da palatalização, explicar por que as consoantes plosivas coronais são os alvos típicos do processo, por que são as únicas consoantes afetadas em PB e por que /i/, gatilho típico da palatalização, é a única vogal desencadeadora do processo nessa língua. Com elementos abstratos C e V (van der Hulst 2005, 2011), propomos uma estrutura interna de segmento para representar consoantes e vogais e mostrar que a consonantalidade dos vocoides anteriores altos motiva a palatalização, processo que tende a afetar consoantes de estrutura similar ao gatilho. Distinguem-se estruturalmente palatalização plena e secundária (Bateman 2007) e explica-se a seleção de gatilho e alvos da palatalização em PB como resultante do tipo mais restrito de palatalização plena, com alvo e gatilho maximamente idênticos

A contribuição de técnicas modernas de reabilitação estrutural para autenticidade e integridade de edificações patrimoniais

This work discusses the study of the application of structural reinforcement and rehabilitation using modern techniques for interventions in repair works of historical buildings as well as the verification of the behavior of works that have already undergone different structural intervention techniques, with the objective of obtaining data to allow a comparative analysis of the advantages/disadvantages of techniques adapted in each case, regarding the interferences related the authenticity and integrity of the buildings belong to the constructed patrimony so as to obtain a basis for the theoretical foundation for choosing the best solution to be adopted in the case study which consists in an intervention of structural rehabilitation of the old historic building in the primary school "Augusto Severo"