A report on the strategic fisheries stock assessment survey of the River Winster 1995 together with a coarse fish survey in 1994 and reference to the 1995 drought

This is the report on the strategic fisheries stock assessment survey of the River Winster 1995 together with a coarse fish survey in 1994 and reference to the 1995 drought, produced by the Environment Agency North West in 1996. Salmonid production within the Winster catchment was dominated by trout although good densities of salmon juveniles were found on some main river sites. Despite suffering drought conditions for much of 1995, only salmon fry production appeared to have been affected. Coarse fish populations once found in the lower reaches of the Winster appear to have declined to very low levels with no fish sampled. This may be partly due to broken tidal gates allowing saline intrusion. It seems that the lower river was suited to the development of a recreational coarse fishery, now that the gates have been repaired. This report completes the strategic stock assessment surveys planned for the period 1992-1995. It represents the last major catchment that was surveyed to determine the current status of fisheries in the South and South West Cumbria areas.

Fish communities in rivers to be affected by Roadford Reservoir

This is the Fish communities in rivers to be affected by Roadford Reservoir report produced by South West Water Authority in 1978. Surveys were carried, out on the Rivers Wolf, Thrushel, Lew and Lumburn, which are likely to be affected directly and indirectly by the construction and use of Roadford Reservoir. Of the upper reaches of three rivers to be affected directly by water releases, two were found to support abundant stocks of salmon and trout, and the third was found to contain abundant stocks of trout and eels. The River Thrushel will be affected indirectly and in this river salmon and trout stocks were present in slightly lower abundance than in others. Population estimates, densities, mean lengths and approximate biomass values were calculated. Other species were present in all rivers, usually in great abundance.

PCR-SSCP and Isoelectric Focusing as Screening Methods for Identification of (Sub-) Tropical Fish Species

To ensure the authentication of fishery products lacking biological characters, rapid species identification methods are required. Two DNA- and protein-based methods, PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction - single strand conformation polymorphism) of a 464 bp segment of the cytochrome b – gene and isoelectric focusing (IEF) of water-soluble proteins from fish fillets, were applied to identify fillets of (sub-) tropical fish species available on the European market. Among the samples analysed were two taxonomically identified species from the family Sciaenidae and one from Sphyraenidae. By comparison of DNA- and protein patterns of different samples, information about intra-species variability of patterns, and homogeneity of batches (e.g. fillet blocks or bags) can be obtained. PCR-SSCP and IEF may be useful for pre-checking of a large number of samples by food control laboratories. Zusammenfassung Zur Sicherstellung der Authentizität von Fischerei-Erzeugnissen ohne biologische Merkmale sind schnelle Verfahren zur Speziesidentifizierung hilfreich. Zwei Methoden der DNA- bzw. Protein-Analyse wurden eingesetzt, um Filets (sub-) tropischer Fischarten, die auf dem europäischen Markt angeboten werden, zu identifizieren. Bei diesen Methoden handelt es sich um die PCR-SSCP (Polymerase-Kettenreaktion – Einzelstrang-Konformationspolymorphismus) – Analyse der PCR-Produkte und die IEF (isoelektrische Fokussierung) der wasserlöslichen Fischmuskelproteine. Unter den untersuchten Proben waren zwei taxonomisch bestimmte Arten aus der Familie Sciaenidae und eine Spezies aus der Familie Sphyraenidae. Durch Vergleich der DNA- bzw. Proteinmuster lassen sich Informationen über die intra-spezifische Variabilität solcher Muster und die Einheitlichkeit von Partien (beispielsweise Filetblöcke oder Filetbeutel) gewinnen. PCR-SSCP und IEF können in Laboratorien der Lebensmittelüberwachung als Vortest gerade bei hohen Probenzahlen sinnvoll eingesetzt werden.

Women fish vendors in Mumbai: a study report

Government development programmes and policies in fisheries are focused on the problems and needs of men though women are known to dominate the post-harvest sector in artisanal fisheries and are involved, to varying degrees, in pre-harvest and harvest activities. A lack of women’s participation in decision-making bodies within communities, fisheries organizations and government has resulted in a general neglect of their interests. This has led to a constant demand by women’s-rights activists and organizations to address market-related issues of women vendors. This study, “Women Fish Vendors in Mumbai”, aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by women fish vendors in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay).

Body shape variation and colour change during growth in a protogynous fish

Protogynous sequential hermaphroditism is very common in marine fish. Despite a large number of studies on various aspects of sequential hermaphroditism in fish, the relationship between body shape and colour during growth in dichromatic species has not been assessed. Using geometric morphometrics, the present study explores the relationship between growth, body shape and colouration in Coris julis (L. 1758), a small protogynous labrid species with distinct colour phases. Results show that body shape change during growth is independent of change in colour phase, a result which can be explained by the biology of the species and by the social control of sex change. Also, during growth the body grows deeper and the head has a steeper profile. It is hypothesized that a deeper body and a steeper profile might have a function in agonistic interactions between terminal phase males and that the marked chromatic difference between colour phases allows the lack of strict interdependence of body shape and colour during growth.

Geographical and morphological variation within and between colour phases inCoris julis(L. 1758), a protogynous marine fish

The possible differences between sexes in patterns of morphological variation in geographical space have been explored only in gonochorist freshwater species. We explored patterns of body shape variation in geographical space in a marine sequential hermaphrodite species, Coris julis (L. 1758), analyzing variation both within and between colour phases, through the use of geometric morphometrics and spatially-explicit statistical analyses. We also tested for the association of body shape with two environmental variables: temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, as obtained from time-series of satellite-derived data. Both colour phases showed a significant morphological variation in geographical space and patterns of variation divergent between phases. Although the morphological variation was qualitatively similar, individuals in the initial colour phase showed a more marked variation than individuals in the terminal phase. Body shape showed a weak but significant correlation with environmental variables, which was more pronounced in primary specimens.

Enzimas antioxidantes em sangue de peixes expostos à hipoxia e hiperoxia

O oxigênio é importante não só por sua participação no metabolismo energético, mas também por sua conversão em derivados parcialmente reduzidos, as espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO). ERO participam de funções importantes em diversas vias do metabolismo, entretanto, em concentrações desequilibradamente elevadas deflagram a peroxidação lipídica, processo deletério que forma aldeídos tóxicos, como o 4-hidroxi-2-nonenal (4-HNE). A manutenção de concentrações não deletérias das ERO é realizada por moléculas componentes do sistema antioxidante. Peixes podem ser expostos a grandes variações das concentrações de oxigênio, o que provoca ciclos oxidantes. A maioria dos estudos usa fígado e rim para avaliar estresse oxidante por meio de ensaios das atividades antioxidantes, o que requer o sacrifício dos animais. Contudo, o sangue sofre efeitos das ERO e avaliações no sangue podem permitir o estudo de antioxidantes no mesmo animal, sem a necessidade de sacrifício. Em consequência, foram nossos objetivos estabelecer uma técnica de cateterismo branquial em peixes, a padronização dos ensaios e a avaliação em sangue de componentes do sistema antioxidante de duas espécies de teleósteos em diferentes tensões de oxigênio. Pacus e tilápias foram avaliados em 6,0 mg de O2.L-1 e em hipoxia a 0,5 mg de O2.L-1 por 42 horas . Para os ensaios de hiperoxia os animais foram avaliados em 6,0 mg de O2.L-1, depois de 6 horas em 9,5 mg de O2.L-1 e depois de 30 horas de recuperação a 6,0 mg de O2.L-1. A utilização de materiais para o cateterismo de humanos permitiu a implantação de um acesso branquial. Infelizmente, houve formação de trombo após 24 horas. Mesmo assim, a observação de fluxo sanguíneo no interior da cânula e a sobrevida dos animais testados, confirmam a viabilidade da técnica. Verificamos em sangue uma maior atividade da enzima glutationa S-transferase (GST) sobre o 4-HNE em relação ao 1-cloro-2-dinitrobenzeno (CDNB). Isto reflete a importância de avaliações de atividade de enzimas, como a GST, sobre substratos endógenos. As respostas enzimáticas de tilápias mostraram-se mais sensíveis que as dos pacus quando comparadas em diferentes tensões de oxigênio.