Contribuição da fluorescência de Raios–X na avaliação e modelação de georrecursos

O presente estudo diz respeito a um trabalho de pesquisa no âmbito de uma Tese de Mestrado compreendida no segundo ciclo de estudos do curso de Engenharia Geotécnica e Geoambiente, realizado sobre a contribuição da Fluorescência de Raios – X (FRX) no Zonamento de Georrecursos, com particular ênfase para a utilização do instrumento portátil e de ferramentas tecnológicas de vanguarda, indispensáveis à prospecção e exploração dos recursos minerais, designadamente na interpretação e integração de dados de natureza geológica e na modelação de métodos de exploração e processamento /tratamento de depósitos minerais, assim como do respectivo controlo. Esta dissertação discute os aspectos fundamentais da utilização da técnica de Fluorescência de Raios-X (portátil, FRXP), quanto à sua possibilidade de aplicação e metodologia exigida, com vista à definição de zonas com características químicas análogas do georrecurso e que preencham as exigências especificadas para a utilização da matéria-prima, nas indústrias consumidoras. Foi elaborada uma campanha de recolha de amostras de calcário proveniente da pedreira do Sangardão, em Condeixa–a–Nova, que numa primeira fase teve como objectivo principal a identificação da composição química da área em estudo e o grau de precisão do aparelho portátil de FRX. Para além desta análise foram, também, realizadas análises granulométricas por peneiração e sedimentação por Raios-X a amostras provenientes das bacias de sedimentação e do material passado no filtro prensa. Validado o método de análise por FRXP, realizou-se uma segunda fase deste trabalho, que consistiu na elaboração de uma amostragem bastante significativa de pontos, onde se realizaram análises por FRXP, de forma a obter uma maior cobertura química da área em estudo e localizar os locais chave de exploração da matéria-prima. Para uma correcta leitura dos dados analisados recorreu-se a ferramentas aliadas às novas tecnologias, as quais se mostraram um importante contributo para uma boa gestão do georrecurso em avaliação, nomeadamente o “XLSTAT” e o “Surfer” para tratamento estatístico dos dados e modelação, respectivamente.

Certificações ambientais : oportunidade para hotéis e hoteleiros

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão do Turismo Internacional, 13 de Janeiro de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.

Abordagem prática para execução de taludes em obras rodoviárias com recurso a pré‐corte

Este trabalho é realizado no domínio das obras de engenharia, área onde o desmonte de rocha com recurso a explosivos em obras rodoviárias é uma actividade específica e consistiu no acompanhamento e execução de três obras rodoviárias de média e grande dimensão. A necessidade de executar escavações, recorrendo a técnicas de desmonte cuidadoso de contorno, onde o plano de corte do talude final deve obedecer a requisitos de localização, alinhamento, inclinação, estabilidade e também estéticos, acrescendo a isto a necessidade de optimizar os meios envolvidos, obriga a que esta actividade seja encarada de uma forma sistematizada, visando o racional aproveitamento de recursos. A execução desta actividade requer conhecimentos no domínio das técnicas de desmonte de contorno, dos explosivos, do mecanismo de rotura de rochas, da operação de perfuração e da geomecânica dos maciços. A abordagem deste trabalho incide sobre a técnica denominada de pré‐corte e tem como objectivo encontrar uma equação característica que permita relacionar diferentes parâmetros envolvidos nesta actividade. Este objectivo é alcançado recorrendo à correlação entre equações relativas à pressão de detonação, à pressão no furo e ao espaçamento entre furos consecutivos, desenvolvidas por outros autores. Desta forma obteve‐se uma equação que relaciona parâmetros relativos ao maciço rochoso (resistência à tracção), ao explosivo (velocidade de detonação e densidade) e ao diagrama de fogo (concentração de carga – volume de explosivo e comprimento do furo – volume do furo). A comparação entre os valores destes parâmetros obtidos na produção e os obtidos com recurso à equação característica permite concluir que a sua aplicação para execução de futuras obras possibilita uma optimização dos meios envolvidos.

Optimização do corte de chapas

O presente trabalho visa denotar a importância de ferramentas e técnicas utilizadas como apoio à tomada de decisão. Foi proposto um problema de corte cujo objectivo primordial procura minimizar o desperdício gerado resultante do processo de obtenção de um produto, utilizando um caso representativo de um produto em chapa, fabricado por uma empresa que conta três décadas de laboração contínua, proposeram-se e realizaram-se estudos no sentido de solucionar recursos causadores de desperdício. Neste trabalho aplicou-se um problema de corte bi-dimensional a uma indústria que recorre ao fabrico de produtos em chapa, por forma a minimizar o desperdício relativo ao processo utilizado. Propôs-se quatro alternativas à solução actual realizada na empresa, que passa pela disposição e combinação de vários tipos de cortes-padrão que podem ser executados nas diferentes dimensões de matéria-prima disponibilizada. Estas alternativas têm como vantagem apresentar reduções que se traduzam significativas para os custos implícitos à realização do processo produtivo. Os estudos computacionais praticados mostraram que as soluções propostas como alternativa obtiveram melhores resultados que os obtidos pela empresa, excepto num caso.

Modernização da linha da Beira Baixa: troço Covilhã - Guarda

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Vias de Comunicação e Transportes

Evaluation of atmospheric deposition and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in façades of historic monuments of Oporto (Portugal)

Atmospheric pollution by motor vehicles is considered a relevant source of damage to architectural heritage. Thus the aim of this work was to assess the atmospheric depositions and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in façades of historical monuments. Eighteen PAHs (16 PAHs considered by US EPA as priority pollutants, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and benzo[j]fluoranthene) were determined in thin black layers collected from façades of two historical monuments: Hospital Santo António and Lapa Church (Oporto, Portugal). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological and elemental characterisation of thin black layers; PAHs were quantified by microwave-assisted extraction combined with liquid chromatography (MAE-LC). The thickness of thin black layers were 80–110 μm and they contained significant levels of iron, sulfur, calcium and phosphorus. Total concentrations of 18 PAHs ranged from 7.74 to 147.92 ng/g (mean of 45.52 ng/g) in thin black layers of Hospital Santo António, giving a range three times lower than at Lapa Church (5.44– 429.26 ng/g; mean of 110.25 ng/g); four to six rings compounds accounted at both monuments approximately for 80–85% of ΣPAHs. The diagnostic ratios showed that traffic emissions were significant source of PAHs in thin black layers. Composition profiles of PAHs in thin black layers of both monuments were similar to those of ambient air, thus showing that air pollution has a significant impact on the conditions and stone decay of historical building façades. The obtained results confirm that historical monuments in urban areas act as passive repositories for air pollutants present in the surrounding atmosphere.

Mix design process of polyester polymer mortars modified with recycled GFRP waste materials

In this study, the effect of incorporation of recycled glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) waste materials, obtained by means of shredding and milling processes, on mechanical behaviour of polyester polymer mortars (PM) was assessed. For this purpose, different contents of GFRP recyclates, between 4% up to 12% in weight, were incorporated into polyester PM materials as sand aggregates and filler replacements. The effect of the addition of a silane coupling agent to resin binder was also evaluated. Applied waste material was proceeding from the shredding of the leftovers resultant from the cutting and assembly processes of GFRP pultrusion profiles. Currently, these leftovers as well as non-conform products and scrap resulting from pultrusion manufacturing process are landfilled, with additional costs to producers and suppliers. Hence, besides the evident environmental benefits, a viable and feasible solution for these wastes would also conduct to significant economic advantages. Design of experiments and data treatment were accomplish by means of full factorial design approach and analysis of variance ANOVA. Experimental results were promising toward the recyclability of GFRP waste materials as partial replacement of aggregates and reinforcement for PM materials, with significant improvements on mechanical properties of resultant mortars with regards to waste-free formulations.

CIDER - envisaging a COTS communication infrastructure for evolutionary dependable real-time systems

It is foreseen that future dependable real-time systems will also have to meet flexibility, adaptability and reconfigurability requirements. Considering the distributed nature of these computing systems, a communication infrastructure that permits to fulfil all those requirements is thus of major importance. Although Ethernet has been used primarily as an information network, there is a strong belief that some very recent technological advances will enable its use in dependable applications with real-time requirements. Indeed, several recently standardised mechanisms associated with Switched-Ethernet seem to be promising to enable communication infrastructures to support hard real-time, reliability and flexible distributed applications. This paper describes the motivation and the work being developed within the CIDER (Communication Infrastructure for Dependable Evolvable Real-Time Systems) project, which envisages the use of COTS Ethernet as an enabling technology for future dependable real-time systems. It is foreseen that the CIDER approach will constitute a relevant stream of research since it will bring together cutting edge research in the field of real-time and dependable distributed systems and the industrial eagerness to expand Ethernet responsabilities to support dependable real-time applications.

Estudo e proposta de algoritmo para a minimização do corte de eólica no contexto de uma análise custo-benefício multicritério

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia

Goldra: premier gisement karstique en Algarve, faune et industries

A bone breccia from Goldra, near Loulé, is studied. It corresponds to the infilling of a karst depression, consisting of: rather worn and probably transported dolomite pebbles at the bottom; accumulations of frequently burnt bone scraps, much broken and with acute edges (no transport), certainly debris of human food, suggesting habitat level (s); in association with the former, stone (flint, quartz, quartzite, graywacke) rather uncharacteristic artifacts that seem compatible with middle and upper Paleolithic, or with Epipaleolithic; and small mammal teeth and bones. Fauna includes an extinct species, Microtus brecciensis recognized for the first time in Portugal. It is not older than Riss-Wiirm interglacial, and may be of this age or later, maybe that of one of wurm's first interstades. Fauna points out to a varied landscape with open country and woods; and to a rather warm and dry temperate, or dry subtropical mediterranean climate. Climate differences should not be significant in comparison with the extant situation. The presence of the mammal species found so far is consistent with modern distribution.

Paleolítico médio e superior em Portugal: datas 14C, estado actual dos conhecimentos,síntese e duscussão

New radiocarbon measurements were obtained from middle and upper Paleolithic sites currently under research by the CEPUNL, in well defined stratigraphical situations. With other dates, they yield an approximative chronological global view. Measurement distribution in function of time does not seem to be an hazardous one. In the actual status of our knowledge, this distribution seems to fit in some assemblages: (a) 14000 to 15000 BP, Solutrean; (b) about 20 000 BP, Solutrean; (c) circa 25 000 BP, already Solutrean, and slightly older than 26 000 BP, still Mousterian; (d) between 29 000 and 31 000 BP, Mousterian. The persistance of Mousterian much later than its acknowledged upper limit at about 34 000 BP (and hence the survival of its neanderthalian authors) is demonstrated. For the first time it has been possible to ascertain the upper time limit of the marine 5-8 metres raised beach (Tyrrhenian III) at Serra da Arrábida, and also the age of archaeological sites without stone artifacts, or with uncharacteristic ones. The obtained measurements allow US to correlate localities and sedimentary units with last glaciation events. There seems to have been a distinct correlation between cave and shelter human occupation and events marked by the worsening of climate.

Comparative analysis of drills for composite laminates

The characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics allow a very broad range of uses. Drilling is often necessary to assemble different components, but this can lead to various forms of damage, such as delamination which is the most severe. However, a reduced thrust force can decrease the risk of delamination. In this work, two variables of the drilling process were compared: tool material and geometry, as well as the effect of feed rate and cutting speed. The parameters that were analyzed include: thrust force, delamination extension and mechanical strength through open-hole tensile test, bearing test, and flexural test on drilled plates. The present work shows that a proper combination of all the factors involved in drilling operations, like tool material, tool geometry and cutting parameters, such as feed rate or cutting speed, can lead to the reduction of delamination damage and, consequently, to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of laminated parts in complex structures, evaluated by open-hole, bearing, or flexural tests.

Drilling delamination outcomes on glass and sisal reinforced plastics

Nowadays, fibre reinforced plastics are used in a wide variety of applications. Apart from the most known reinforcement fibres, like glass or carbon, natural fibres can be seen as an economical alternative. However, some mistrust is yet limiting the use of such materials, being one of the main reasons the inconsistency normally found in their mechanical properties. It should be noticed that these materials are more used for their low density than for their high stiffness. In this work, two different types of reinforced plates were compared: glass reinforced epoxy plate and sisal reinforced epoxy plate. For material characterization purposes, tensile and flexural tests were carried out. Main properties of both materials, like elastic modulus, tensile strength or flexural modulus, are presented and compared with reference values. Afterwards, plates were drilled under two different feed rates: low and high, with two diverse tools: twist and brad type drill, while cutting speed was kept constant. Thrust forces during drilling were monitored. Then, delamination area around the hole was assessed by using digital images that were processed using a computational platform previously developed. Finally, drilled plates were mechanically tested for bearing and open-hole resistance. Results were compared and correlated with the measured delamination. Conclusions contribute to the understanding of natural fibres reinforced plastics as a substitute to glass fibres reinforced plastics, helping on cost reductions without compromising reliability, as well as the consequence of delamination on mechanical resistance of this type of composites.