Yield of essential oil and safrole content based on fresh and dry biomass of long pepper in the Brazilian Amazon

Long pepper (Piper hispidinervum) is an Amazonian species of commercial interest due to the production of safrole. Drying long pepper biomass to extract safrole is a time consuming and costly process that can also result in the contamination of the material by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the yield of essential oil and safrole content of fresh and dried biomass of long pepper accessions maintained in the Active Germoplasm Bank of Embrapa Acre, in the state of Acre, Brazil, aiming at selecting genotypes with best performance on fresh biomass to recommend to the breeding program of the species. Yield of essential oil and safrole content were assessed in 15 long pepper accessions. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. A joint analysis of experiments was performed and the means of essential oil yield and safrole content for each biomass were compared by Student's t-test. There was variability in the essential oil yield and safrole content. There was no difference between the types of biomass for oil yield; however to the safrole content there was difference. Populations 9, 10, 12 and 15 had values of oil yield between 4.1 and 5.3%, and safrole content between 87.2 and 94.3%. The drying process does not interfere in oil productivity. These populations have potential for selection to the long pepper breeding program using oil extraction in the fresh biomass

Carbon materials as new generation of new electron shuttles for the anaerobic degradation of environmental xenobiotics

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e Biológica

Fendas de secagem em vigas de madeira: causas, efeitos na capacidade resistente e métodos de reparação

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Growth of sulfate reducing bacteria on the methanogenic inhibitor BES

The metabolism of methanogenic archaea is inhibited by 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES). Methane production is blocked because BES is an analog of methyl-coenzyme M and competes with this key molecule in the last step of methanogenesis. For this reason, BES is commonly used in several studies to avoid growth of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens [1]. Despite its effectiveness as methanogenic inhibitor, BES was found to alter microbial communities’ structure, to inhibit the metabolism of non-methanogenic microorganisms and to stimulate homoacetogenic metabolism [2,3]. Even though sulfonates have been reported as electron acceptors for sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria (SRB), only one study described the reduction of BES by complex microbial communities [4]. In this work, a sulfate-reducing bacterium belonging to Desulfovibrio genus (98 % identity at the 16S rRNA gene level with Desulfovibrio aminophilus) was isolated from anaerobic sludge after several successive transfers in anaerobic medium containing BES as sole substrate. Sulfate was not supplemented to the anaerobic growth medium. This microorganism was able to grow under the following conditions: on BES plus H2/CO2 in bicarbonate buffered medium; on BES without H2/CO2 in bicarbonate buffered medium; and on BES in phosphate buffered medium. The main products of BES utilization were sulfide and acetate, the former was produced by the reduction of sulfur from the sulfonate moiety of BES and the latter likely originated from the carbon backbone of the BES molecule. BES was found, in this study, to represent not only an alternative electron acceptor but also to serve as electron donor, and sole carbon and energy source, supporting growth of a Desulfovibrio sp. obtained in pure culture. This is the first study that reports growth of SRB with BES as electron donor and electron acceptor, showing that the methanogenic inhibitor is a substrate for anaerobic growth.

The isolation of Aspergillus spp from harvested maize in three Portuguese regions

In Portugal, maize is the cereal that involves more agriculture explorations. Aspergillus spp., among other species, are usually associated with this cereal, during drying and storage, making this commodity susceptible to mycotoxins (such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and cyclopiazonic acid). The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycotoxigenic potential of isolated Aspergillus strains from these maize samples and correlate it with the sampling place, the weather conditions, and local practices during drying and storage. The samples were collected between November 2008 and April 2009 in maize association of producers facilities in Coimbra, Santarém and Portalegre. The isolated strains were divided in three distinct groups, Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nigri and others Aspergillus. The preliminary results show that there are differences between the incidence of these groups in the three sampling places, especially in Coimbra, probably due to a lower mean temperatures and higher humidity levels. These data will be presented and discussed.

Development of a poly(L-Lactic acid) based drug release system

Dissertação de mestrado em Biofísica e Bionanossistemas

Desenvolvimento de membranas poliméricas baseadas em Poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) para a filtração de materiais biológicos

Dissertação de mestrado em Biofísica e Bionanossistemas

Olive pomace pretreatments to enhance its valorisation by solid-state fermentation

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioengenharia

Development of nanohydrogels as a vehicle for the release of bioactive compounds in food matrices

PhD in Chemical and Biological Engineering

A multi–physics approach applied to masonry structures with non–hydraulic lime mortars

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil (área de especialização em Engenharia de Estruturas).

Caracterización de Compuestos Bioactivos Microencapsulados en Biopolímeros para su Aplicación en la Preservación de Alimentos y en la Formulación de Productos Nutracéuticos.

La exposición a la luz, al aire, a elevadas temperaturas y el almacenamiento prolongado produce alteraciones nutricionales y organolépticas en alimentos. Las modificaciones nutricionales pueden ser causadas por especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), las cuales producen oxidación de proteínas, lípidos, vitaminas, etc. Mientras que las alteraciones organolépticas involucran pérdidas del flavor por la generación de compuesto volátil off-flavor, debido principalmente al desarrollo de microorganismos y a oxidaciones. Compuestos bioactivos (CB) tales como carotenoides (Car) y flavonoides (Fl) cumplen relevantes funciones biológicas, entre las que se pueden destacar la capacidad antioxidante, antimicrobiana y antitumoral, entre otras. El propósito de este proyecto es el estudio de propiedades biológicas en particular capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de CB como Car y Fl microencapsulados en biopolímeros para determinar el efecto de los mismos sobre las alteraciones nutricionales y organolépticas en alimentos durante el almacenamiento. Los CB serán microencapsulados por secado por aspersión spray drying, atrapamiento en liposomas o múltiple emulsificación evaporación de solvente, utilizando goma arábica, lecitina o quitosano como materiales de pared. Se estudiará la capacidad de los compuestos bioactivos y de los materiales de pared para desactivar ROS por espectroscopia de absorción UV-Vis. Se determinará la actividad antimicrobiana de los mismos frente a microorganismos especialmente psicrotrofos, por difusión en discos sobre placa de agar previamente inoculadas, por curvas de crecimiento y por ensayos de viabilidad. Posteriormente se analizarán las alteraciones nutricionales y organolépticas en muestras de leche en condiciones de iluminación y temperatura que simulen las de almacenamiento. Para tal fin, se evaluará la estabilidad de proteínas y vitaminas, por electroforesis capilar, la formación de compuestos volátiles se determinará por cromatografía de gases y el desarrollo de microorganismos por recuento estándar en placa. Finalmente se evaluará el efecto de la adición de carotenoides y flavonoides microencapsulados sobre la degradación de proteínas y vitaminas, la formación de off-flavor y el desarrollo de microorganismos durante el almacenamiento de leche. Con este proyecto se pretende determinar tanto la capacidad antioxidante como antimicrobiana de carotenoides y flavonoides puros y microencapsulados, así como de los biopolímeros usado para la microencapsulación y su potencial aplicación como conservantes en leche en la formulación de productos nutracéuticos.

The appraisal of anaerobic digestion in Ireland to develop improved designs and operational practice

Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion treating sewage sludge was investigated at five full-scale sewage treatment plants in Ireland. The anaerobic digestion plants are compared and evaluated in terms of design, equipment, operation, monitoring and management. All digesters are cylindrical, gas mixed and heated Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), varying in size from 130m3 to 800m3. Heat exchanger systems heat all digesters. Three plants reported difficulties with the heating systems ranging from blockages to insufficient insulation and design. Exchangers were modified and replaced within one year of operation at two plants. All but one plant had Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems installed. Parameter monitoring is a problem at all plants mainly due to a lack of staff and knowledge. The plant operators consider pH and temperature the most important parameters to be measured in terms of successful monitoring of an anaerobic digester. The short time taken and the ease at which pH and temperature can be measured may favour these parameters. Three laboratory scale pilot anaerobic digesters were operated using a variety of feeds over at 144-day period. Two of the pilots were unmixed and the third was mechanically mixed. As expected the unmixed reactors removed more COD by retention of solids in the digesters but also produced greater quantities of biogas than the mixed digester, especially when low solids feed such as whey was used. The mixed digester broke down more solids due to the superior contact between the substrate and the biomass. All three reactors showed good performance results for whey and sewage solids. Scum formation occurred giving operational problems for mixed and unmixed reactors when cattle slurry was used as the main feed source. The pilot test was also used to investigate which parameters were the best indicators of process instability. These trials clearly indicated that total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentrations was the best parameter to show signs of early process imbalance, while methane composition in the biogas was good to indicate possible nutrient deficiencies in the feed and oxygen shocks. pH was found to be a good process parameter only if the wastewater being treated produced low bicarbonate alkalinities during treatment.

Entwicklung einer neuen Anströmeinrichtung für Strahlschichten

Fluidized bed, spouted bed, distributor plate, drying, modeling

Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen der Trocknung plastisch geformter Ziegelrohlinge

Drying, moisture diffusity coefficient, shrinkage

Untersuchung der Bedingungen und Verhältnisse beim Dickstoffversatz unter Einbeziehung der Mischtechnik

Technology of high concistency materials, mixing prozess, sewage sludge incineration ash, products of the flue gas cleaning, flow behaviour, reaction calorimetry, hydraulic transportation, setting