A comparison of welfare outcomes for weaner and mature Bos indicus bulls surgically or tension band castrated with or without analgesia: 2. Responses related to stress, health and productivity

Tension banding castration of cattle is gaining favour because it is relatively simple to perform and is promoted by retailers of the banders as a humane castration method. Two experiments were conducted, under tropical conditions using Bos indicus bulls comparing tension banding (Band) and surgical (Surgical) castration of weaner (7–10 months old) and mature (22–25 months old) bulls with and without pain management (NSAID (ketoprofen) or saline injected intramuscularly immediately prior to castration). Welfare outcomes were assessed using a range of measures; this paper reports on some physiological, morbidity and productivity-related responses to augment the behavioural responses reported in an accompanying paper. Blood samples were taken on the day of castration (day 0) at the time of restraint (0 min) and 30 min (weaners) or 40 min (mature bulls), 2 h, and 7 h; and days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-castration. Plasmas from day 0 were assayed for cortisol, creatine kinase, total protein and packed cell volume. Plasmas from the other samples were assayed for cortisol and haptoglobin (plus the 0 min sample). Liveweights were recorded approximately weekly to 6 weeks and at 2 and 3 months post-castration. Castration sites were checked at these same times to 2 months post-castration to score the extent of healing and presence of sepsis. Cortisol concentrations (mean ± s.e. nmol/L) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Band (67 ± 4.5) compared with Surgical weaners (42 ± 4.5) at 2 h post-castration, but at 24 h post-castration were greater in the Surgical (43 ± 3.2) compared with the Band weaners (30 ± 3.2). The main effect of ketoprofen was on the cortisol concentrations of the mature Surgical bulls; concentrations were significantly reduced at 40 min (47 ± 7.2 vs. 71 ± 7.2 nmol/L for saline) and 2 h post-castration (24 ± 7.2, vs. 87 ± 7.2 nmol/L for saline). Ketoprofen, however, had no effect on the Band mature bulls, with their cortisol concentrations averaging 54 ± 5.1 nmol/L at 40 min and 92 ± 5.1 nmol/L at 2 h. Cortisol concentrations were also significantly elevated in the Band (83 ± 3.0 nmol/L) compared with Surgical mature bulls (57 ± 3.0 nmol/L) at weeks 2–4 post-castration. The timing of this elevation coincided with significantly elevated haptoglobin concentrations (mg/mL) in the Band bulls (2.97 ± 0.102 for mature bulls and 1.71 ± 0.025 for weaners, vs. 2.10 ± 0.102 and 1.45 ± 0.025 respectively for the Surgical treatment) and evidence of slow wound healing and sepsis in both the weaner (0.81 ± 0.089 not healed at week 4 for Band, 0.13 ± 0.078 for Surgical) and mature bulls (0.81 ± 0.090 at week 4 for Band, 0.38 ± 0.104 for Surgical). Overall, liveweight gains of both age groups were not affected by castration method. The findings of acute pain, chronic inflammation and possibly chronic pain in the mature bulls at least, together with poor wound healing in the Band bulls support behavioural findings reported in the accompanying paper and demonstrate that tension banding produces inferior welfare outcomes for weaner and mature bulls compared with surgical castration.

Perennial pastures for marginal farming country in southern Queensland. 2. Potential new grass cultivar evaluation

Trials in the Condamine-Balonne basin, Australia, compared 11 promising perennial pasture grass accessions (4 Bothriochloa, 2 Cenchrus, 2 Urochloa and 1 each of Digitaria, Eragrostis and Panicum species) against the best similar commercial cultivars on the basis of ease of establishment from seed, persistence once established, forage yield and ease of seed production. Accessions sown at a site were determined by prior experience with them on a range of soils. High quality seed was relatively easy to produce for both Urochloa species and for Eragrostis curvula CPI 30374 but problematic for the Bothriochloa spp. Once established, all accessions persisted for 3–5 years and most were well grazed, but adequate establishment was sometimes a problem with Panicum stapfianum and Bothriochloa ewartiana. The dry matter yield ratings of the non-commercial lines were similar to those of the commercial equivalents of the same species. While agronomically valuable, none of the promising new grasses was considered worthy of commercialization at this point because their strengths did not warrant the setting up of a seed-production business in competition with current commercial enterprises. Long-standing cultivars such as Gayndah buffel and Nixon sabi grass continued to exhibit their superior pasture qualities.

Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-(4-chloroanilino)butanoate

The title compound, C14H18ClNO3, adopts an extended conformation, with all of the main chain torsion angles associated with the ester and amino groups trans. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds are observed.

Proton NMR spectra including 13C- and 77Se-satellites in organoselenium compounds oriented in the nematic phase : Part 1. The spectrum of 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole

The vibrationally corrected structure of 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole is derived from the proton NMR spectrum including 13C-H and 77Se-H satellites, in a nematic solvent. The results indicate considerable bond-fixation in the 6-membered ring. References

The structures of ethyl 1,2,2-tricyano-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate and ethyl 2',3,3'-tricyanocyclohexanespirocyclopropane-2'-carboxylate

The crystal and molecular structures of C ,,H,IN302 (I) and C14HIsN302 (II) have been determined by direct methods using three-dimensional X-ray diffractometer data. Crystals of (I) are orthorhombic, space group Pna21, with a = 14.662(6), b = 10.492(5), c = 7.375 (3)A, Z = 4, V = 1134.5 A 3, D O = 1.25 (by flotation), D e = 1.269 Mgm -a, g(MoKa) = 0.085 mm -1. Crystals of (II) are monoclinic, space group P21/a, with a = 7.886 (5), b = 22.011 (8), c = 8.100 (3) A, fl = 103.12 (5) °, Z = 4, V = 1369.2 A 3, D O = 1.23 (by flotation), D e = 1.255 Mg m -3, g(Mo Kct) = 0.080 mm -1. Least-squares full-matrix refinement based on 782 (I) and 1400 independent reflections (II) converged at R = 0.040 (I) and 0.042 (II). The effect of electron-withdrawing substituents on the geometry of the cyclopropane ring is discussed.

Structure of a new crystal form of 2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}benzoic acid (flufenamic acid)

C14Ht0F3NO2, P2.Jc, a = 12.523 (4), b = 7.868(6), c = 12.874 (3)A, fl = 95.2 (2) ° , O,,, = 1.47 (4), D e = 1.47 Mg m -3, Z = 4. Final R = 0.074 for 2255 observed reflections. The carboxyl group and the phenyl ring bearing the carboxyl group are nearly coplanar whereas the two phenyl rings are inclined with respect to each other at 52.8 ° . The difference between the two polymorphs of flufenamic acid lies in the geometrical disposition of the [3-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]amino moiety with respect to the benzoic acid moiety. As in other fenamate structures, the carboxyl group and the imino N atom are connected through an intramolecular hydrogen bond; also, pairs of centrosymmetrically related molecules are connected through hydrogen bonds involving carboxyl groups.

Conformational effects in the hydrogenation of hemimellitic and cyclohex-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids

The three possible isomers of cyclohexane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid were synthesised and separated in order to study the regiospecificity and stereoselectivity of the α-C alkylation of their trimethyl esters. No definitive conclusions could be reached on this aspect for reasons which became apparent in the course of the work. However, the three independent methods adopted for the synthesis of the isomeric tricarboxylic acids have given dramatically different isomer compositions. The reasons are explored in this paper.

Heterocyclic steroidsâVII *1: Rearrangement of 1-diethylamino-5-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-pent-2-yne

Thermal rearrangement of diethylamino 5-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-pent-2-yne (3) gives 1-(m-methexyphenoxy)-pent-3,4-diene (14) in about 8% yield. Hydration of the latter yields 1-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-pentan-4-one (6), which has been synthesised by an unambiguous route. A mechanism of formation of the allene (14) from the amine (3) has been suggested.

Lanthanide perchiorate complexes of 4-cyano puridine N-oxide, 4-chloro 2-picoline-B-Oxide and 4_dimethyl amino-2-Picoline N Oxide

Complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with 4-cyano pyridine-1-oxide, 4-chloro 2-picoline-1-oxide and 4-dimethyl amino 2-picoline-1-oxide have been isolated for the first time and characterized by analysis, conductance, infrared, NMR and electronic spectra.

Vykopirovka s pereselencheskikh uchastkov Komzeta Kolaǐskoǐ dachi razverst. Dzhankoǐskogo raǐona za No. No. 1, 2, 3, 4 5,6 i Maǐfel'd

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2-Thioacetamido thiazole as an ambidentate ligand. Complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cu(I)

Metal complexes of thiazoles have been studied in recent years[I-3] because of their biochemical importance[4,5]. However, data on metal complexes of thiazole derivatives containing another coordinating function are limited[2]. We have synthesized and examined the donor characteristics of a new ligand, 2-thioacetamide thiazole (TATZ)(I) towards chlorides and bromides of Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cu(I). The presence of four potential donor atoms and extensive charge delocalization should render TATZ a versatile ligand.

Unique presence of 2-methylthio-ribosylzeatin in the transfer ribonucleic acid of the bacterium Pseudomonas-aeruginosa

Analysis of 35S labled nucleosides prepared from tRNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phosphocellulose column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography revealed the presence of 2-methylthioribosylzeatin in it. 2iPA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl purine; ms-2iPA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ribosyl-cis-zeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-cis-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ribosyl-trans-zeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; ms-ribosylzeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine; s4U2, 4-thiouridine; s2U*, 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine; s2C, 2-thiocytidine; TLC — thin layer chromatography.

Metal complexes of thiophene 2-thiocarboxamide. Proton and 13C NMR, IR and electronic spectral studies

The complexes of thiophene 2-thiocarboxamide (TTCA) with some metal chlorides and bromides [M = Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cu(I)] are described. Elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibilities and conductance studies, electronic, IR, proton and 13C magnetic resonance spectra are reported. The results suggest exclusive coordination of TTCA through the thiocarbonyl sulfur. The influence of the thiophene ring on the donor properties of the thioamide are discussed.

Integral isobaric heat of vaporization of benzene-1,2-dichloroethane system

Abstract is not available.

Plan zemelʻnogo otvoda uchastka N 50-51 poselka N 2 Krivorogskogo okruga Shirokovskogo raǐona ploshadʻi︠u︡ 557,0720 gektara

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