Interoperabilidade, processamento e análise visual de dados geográficos

Esta dissertação apresenta uma arquitectura interoperável que permite lidar com a obtenção, manipulação, processamento e análise de informação geográfica. A aplicação 30, implementada como parte da arquitectura, para além de permitir a visualização e manipulação de dados dentro de um ambiente 30, oferece métodos que permitem descobrir, aceder e usar geo-processos, disponíveis através de serviços Web. A interacção com o utilizador é também feita através uma abordagem que quebra a típica complexidade que a maioria dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica apresenta. O recurso à programação visual reduz a complexidade do sistema, e permite aos operadores tirar proveito da localização e de uma abstracção de um processo complexo, onde as unidades de processamento são representadas no terreno através de componentes 30 que podem ser directamente manipuladas e ligadas de modo a criar encandeamentos complexos de processos. Estes processos podem também ser criados visualmente e disponibilizados online. ABSTRACT; This thesis presents an interoperable architecture mainly designed for manipulation, processing and geographical information analysis. The three-dimensional interface, implemented as part of the architecture, besides allowing the visualization and manipulation of spatial data within a 30 environment, offers methods for discovering, accessing and using geo-processes, available through Web Services. Furthermore, the user interaction is done through an approach that breaks the typical complexity of most Geographic information Systems. This simplicity is in general archived through a visual programming approach that allows operators to take advantage of location, and use processes through abstract representations. Thus, processing units are represented on the terrain through 30 components, which can be directly manipulated and linked to create complex process chains. New processes can also be visually created and deployed online.

Correlação entre o sinal mecanomiográfico e a escala modificada de Ashworth durante avaliação clínica da espasticidade

Spasticity is a common disorder in people who have upper motor neuron injury. The involvement may occur at different levels. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is the most used method to measure involvement levels. But it corresponds to a subjective evaluation. Mechanomyography (MMG) is an objective technique that quantifies the muscle vibration during the contraction and stretching events. So, it may assess the level of spasticity accurately. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between spasticity levels determined by MAS with MMG signal in spastic and not spastic muscles. In the experimental protocol, we evaluated 34 members of 22 volunteers, of both genders, with a mean age of 39.91 ± 13.77 years. We evaluated the levels of spasticity by MAS in flexor and extensor muscle groups of the knee and/or elbow, where one muscle group was the agonist and one antagonist. Simultaneously the assessment by the MAS, caught up the MMG signals. We used a custom MMG equipment to register and record the signals, configured in LabView platform. Using the MatLab computer program, it was processed the MMG signals in the time domain (median energy) and spectral domain (median frequency) for the three motion axes: X (transversal), Y (longitudinal) and Z (perpendicular). For bandwidth delimitation, we used a 3rd order Butterworth filter, acting in the range of 5-50 Hz. Statistical tests as Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis test and linear correlation test were applied. As results in the time domain, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences in median energy (MMGME) between MAS groups. The linear correlation test showed high linear correlation between MAS and MMGME for the agonist muscle as well as for the antagonist group. The largest linear correlation occurred between the MAS and MMG ME for the Z axis of the agonist muscle group (R2 = 0.9557) and the lowest correlation occurred in the X axis, for the antagonist muscle group (R2 = 0.8862). The Spearman correlation test also confirmed high correlation for all axes in the time domain analysis. In the spectral domain, the analysis showed an increase in the median frequency (MMGMF) in MAS’ greater levels. The highest correlation coefficient between MAS and MMGMF signal occurred in the Z axis for the agonist muscle group (R2 = 0.4883), and the lowest value occurred on the Y axis for the antagonist group (R2 = 0.1657). By means of the Spearman correlation test, the highest correlation occurred between the Y axis of the agonist group (0.6951; p <0.001) and the lowest value on the X axis of the antagonist group (0.3592; p <0.001). We conclude that there was a significantly high correlation between the MMGME and MAS in both muscle groups. Also between MMG and MAS occurred a significant correlation, however moderate for the agonist group, and low for the antagonist group. So, the MMGME proved to be more an appropriate descriptor to correlate with the degree of spasticity defined by the MAS.

Adsorção de corantes têxteis aniônicos e catiônicos em resíduos do processamento de fios de algodão modificados quimicamente

The textile industry generates a large volume of high organic effluent loading whoseintense color arises from residual dyes. Due to the environmental implications caused by this category of contaminant there is a permanent search for methods to remove these compounds from industrial waste waters. The adsorption alternative is one of the most efficient ways for such a purpose of sequestering/remediation and the use of inexpensive materials such as agricultural residues (e.g., sugarcane bagasse) and cotton dust waste (CDW) from weaving in their natural or chemically modified forms. The inclusion of quaternary amino groups (DEAE+) and methylcarboxylic (CM-) in the CDW cellulosic structure generates an ion exchange capacity in these formerly inert matrix and, consequently, consolidates its ability for electrovalent adsorption of residual textile dyes. The obtained ionic matrices were evaluated for pHpcz, the retention efficiency for various textile dyes in different experimental conditions, such as initial concentration , temperature, contact time in order to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption in batch, turning comprehensive how does occur the process, then understood from the respective isotherms. It was observed a change in the pHpcz for CM--CDW (6.07) and DEAE+-CDW (9.66) as compared to the native CDW (6.46), confirming changes in the total surface charge. The ionized matrices were effective for removing all evaluated pure or residual textile dyes under various tested experimental conditions. The kinetics of the adsorption process data had best fitted to the model a pseudosecond order and an intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the process takes place in more than one step. The time required for the system to reach equilibrium varied according to the initial concentration of dye, being faster in diluted solutions. The isotherm model of Langmuir was the best fit to the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity varied differently for each tested dye and it is closely related to the interaction adsorbent/adsorbate and dye chemical structure. Few dyes obtained a linear variation of the balance ka constant due to the inversion of temperature and might have influence form their thermodynamic behavior. Dyes that could be evaluated such as BR 18: 1 and AzL, showed features of an endothermic adsorption process (ΔH° positive) and the dye VmL presented exothermic process characteristics (ΔH° negative). ΔG° values suggested that adsorption occurred spontaneously, except for the BY 28 dye, and the values of ΔH° indicated that adsorption occurred by a chemisorption process. The reduction of 31 to 51% in the biodegradability of the matrix after the dye adsorption means that they must go through a cleaning process before being discarded or recycled, and the regeneration test indicates that matrices can be reused up to five times without loss of performance. The DEAE+-CDW matrix was efficient for the removal of color from a real textile effluent reaching an UV-Visible spectral area decrease of 93% when applied in a proportion of 15 g ion exchanger matrix L-1 of colored wastewater, even in the case of the parallel presence of 50 g L-1 of mordant salts in the waste water. The wide range of colored matter removal by the synthesized matrices varied from 40.27 to 98.65 mg g-1 of ionized matrix, obviously depending in each particular chemical structure of the dye upon adsorption.

Uma arquitetura de referência para o processamento distribuído de stream de dados em soluções analíticas de near real-time

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2015.

Valorização de produtos de montanha pela utilização de tecnologias de processamento não convencionais

Os vegetais embalados prontos a comer têm tido uma crescente aceitação por parte do consumidor por atenderem aos requisitos contemporâneos de conveniência, segurança e salubridade. O crescimento deste setor tem levado à introdução de novos produtos e à adoção de tecnologias de conservação mais eficientes, seguras e sustentáveis [1]. O consumidor procura também alimentos com características organoléticas diferenciadas das dos alimentos habitualmente consumidos diariamente. A recuperação do uso de Rumex induratus Boiss. & Reut. (azedas) e Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (agrião) poderá responder a esta procura, aliando garantia de qualidade e inovação. Visto a maioria dos tratamentos convencionais ser ineficaz em assegurar segurança sem comprometer a qualidade, e dada a preocupação em torno dos agentes químicos vulgarmente utilizados, a irradiação de alimentos e o embalamento em atmosfera modificada têm emergido como alternativas seguras e eficazes [1-4]. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de diferentes atmosferas de embalamento e de diferentes doses de radiação ionizante na conservação da qualidade destas espécies durante o armazenamento refrigerado. O uso sustentável de produtos vegetais para a recuperação de biomoléculas ou produção de ingredientes funcionais de valor acrescentado é uma estratégia útil que pode ajudar a enfrentar os desafios societais deste século. Atualmente é originada uma grande quantidade de resíduos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fresco durante as várias etapas do seu ciclo produtivo, desde a cultura até ao armazenamento e venda [5]. Estes resíduos são ricos em licopeno e vitaminas, mas também em compostos fenólicos [6,7]. Estes compostos bioativos estão envolvidos na prevenção de várias patologias humanas e são de elevada importância para a indústria alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Visto os métodos convencionais utilizados para a extração destas biomoléculas apresentarem várias desvantagens, novas tecnologias mais eficientes e sustentáveis têm vindo a ser adotadas. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar as condições de extração assistida por tecnologia micro-ondas de antioxidantes hidrofílicos e lipofílicos e dos ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides maioritários da variedade de tomate redondo utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM).

Diseño e implementación en FPGA de un filtro de partículas para aplicaciones biomédicas

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por la incapacidad del páncreas de producir insulina. Esta hormona regula la absorción de la glucosa del torrente sanguíneo por parte de las células. Debido a la ausencia de insulina en el cuerpo, la glucosa se acumula en el torrente sanguíneo provocando problemas a corto y largo plazo, como por ejemplo deterioro celular. Los pacientes con esta enfermedad necesitan controlar su glucemia (concentración de glucosa en sangre) midiendo la misma de forma regular e inyectándose insulina subcutánea de por vida. Para conocer la glucemia se pueden utilizar Monitores Continuos de Glucosa (MCG), que proporcionan el valor de la glucosa intersticial en un rango entre uno y cinco minutos. Los MCG actuales presentan los siguientes problemas: Por un lado, el sensor que lleva incorporado introduce ruidos asociados a la medición obtenida. Y, por otro lado, el sensor se degrada a lo largo de su vida útil, lo que dificulta la interpretación de los datos obtenidos. La solución propuesta en este trabajo consiste en la utilización de filtros de partículas. Este tipo de filtros consta de cuatro fases: inicialización, predicción, corrección y remuestreo. Son capaces de identificar los estados ocultos del sistema (glucosa en sangre y degeneración del sensor), a partir de medidas indirectas del mismo (como por ejemplo la glucosa intersticial) teniendo en cuenta el ruido de las mediciones del MCG. En este proyecto se va a aplicar un filtro de partículas de cuatro estados (glucosa, velocidad de variación de la glucosa, degeneración del sensor y velocidad de variación de la degeneración del sensor.). En primera instancia, se utilizará la herramienta Matlab para analizar el correcto funcionamiento de este algoritmo frente a los problemas mencionados anteriormente de los MCG. Y, en segundo lugar, se realizará una implementación hardware sobre una FPGA.

Processamento e análise de imagens na caracterização da superfície do titânio submetido a um ensaio de cultura de células

This work aims to develop a methodology for analysis of images using overlapping, which assists in identification of microstructural features in areas of titanium, which may be associated with its biological response. That way, surfaces of titanium heat treated for 08 (eight) different ways have been subjected to a test culture of cells. It was a relationship between the grain, texture and shape of grains of surface of titanium (attacked) trying to relate to the process of proliferation and adhesion. We used an open source software for cell counting adhered to the surface of titanium. The juxtaposition of images before and after cell culture was obtained with the aid of micro-hardness of impressions made on the surface of samples. From this image where there is overlap, it is possible to study a possible relationship between cell growth with microstructural characteristics of the surface of titanium. This methodology was efficient to describe a set of procedures that are useful in the analysis of surfaces of titanium subjected to a culture of cells

Temas ambientais para análise prospectiva dos setores de produção e processamento de madeira para energia.

No setor agroindustrial florestal já existe uma mobilização para atender alguns critérios de certificação socioambiental, mas esta não é a realidade vigente na cadeia da madeira para energia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a levantar, de forma preliminar, alguns temas ambientais para análises prospectivas dos setores de produção e processamento de madeira para energia, na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os temas de interesse foram selecionados com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando bases de dados disponíveis, tanto em termos científicos como estatísticos. Procurou-se atender a grandes questionamentos, levantados atualmente, para a expansão da agroenergia no mundo, que envolvem o possível desmatamento, a competição com alimentos e as mudanças climáticas. Seguindo outros estudos de biomassa para energia foram previamente selecionados quatro grandes temas que abrangem: Uso da terra; Recursos Naturais; Geração e uso de resíduos; Energia. Cabe considerar que a seleção é preliminar e será validada em etapa posterior, que envolverá a consulta a especialistas na cadeia produtiva da madeira para energia. Entretanto, como consideração final fica a idéia de que o agronegócio, de forma geral não poderá mais ser analisado apenas quanto aos aspectos econômicos, sendo a sua competitividade fortemente ligada aos aspectos sociais e ambientais.

Estudo sobre o efeito dos parâmetros de processamento dos pós e sinterização do aço inox 316l reforçado com NbC

This masther dissertation presents a contribution to the study of 316L stainless steel sintering aiming to study their behavior in the milling process and the effect of isotherm temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The 316L stainless steel is a widely used alloy for their high corrosion resistance property. However its application is limited by the low wear resistance consequence of its low hardness. In previous work we analyzed the effect of sintering additives as NbC and TaC. This study aims at deepening the understanding of sintering, analyzing the effect of grinding on particle size and microstructure and the effect of heating rate and soaking time on the sintered microstructure and on their microhardness. Were milled 316L powders with NbC at 1, 5 and 24 hours respectively. Particulates were characterized by SEM and . Cylindrical samples height and diameter of 5.0 mm were compacted at 700 MPa. The sintering conditions were: heating rate 5, 10 and 15◦C/min, temperature 1000, 1100, 1200, 1290 and 1300◦C, and soaking times of 30 and 60min. The cooling rate was maintained at 25◦C/min. All samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace. The sintered microstructure were characterized by optical and electron microscopy as well as density and microhardness. It was observed that the milling process has an influence on sintering, as well as temperature. The major effect was caused by firing temperature, followed by the grinding and heating rate. In this case, the highest rates correspond to higher sintering.

Síntese e caracterização de cerâmicas nanométricas para produção de gás de síntese

In this work, ceramic powders belonging to the system Nd2-xSrxNiO4 (x = 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6) were synthesized for their use as catalysts to syngas production partial. It was used a synthesis route, relatively new, which makes use of gelatin as organic precursor. The powders were analyzed at several temperatures in order to obtain the perovskite phase and characterized by several techniques such as thermal analysis, X-rays diffraction, Rietveld refinement method, specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-rays and temperature programmed reduction. The results obtained using these techniques confirmed the feasibility of the synthesis method employed to obtain nanosized particles. The powders were tested in differential catalytic conditions for dry reforming of methane (DRM) and partial oxidation of methane (POM), then, some systems were chosen for catalytic integrals test for (POM) indicating that the system Nd2-xSrxNiO4 for x = 0, 0.4 and 1.2 calcined at 900 °C exhibit catalytic activity on the investigated experimental conditions in this work without showing signs of deactivation

Estudo do efeito da adição da escória de aciaria no processamento e propriedades finais de telhas cerâmicas

This research presents an overview of the addition steelwork dust of ceramic shingles in order to contribute to the utilization use of such residue. The ceramic industry perspective in the Brazilian State of Piauí is quite promising. Unlike other productive sectors, the ceramic industry uses basically natural raw materials. Its final products are, in short, the result of transforming clay compounds. These raw materials are composed primarily of aluminum oxide, silicon, iron, sodium, magnesium, end calcium, among others. It was verified that steelwork dust is composed primarily of these same oxides, so that its incorporation in to structural ceramics is a very reasonable idea. Both clay and steelwork powder were characterized by AG, XRF, XRD, TGA and DTA. In addition, steelwork dust samples containing (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were extruded and burned at 800°C, 850°C, 900°C and 950°C. Then t echnological tests of linear shrinkage, water uptake, apparent porosity, apparent density and flexural strengthwere carried at. The results showed the possibility of using steelwork powder in ceramic shingles until 15% significant improvement in physical and mechanical properties. This behavior shows the possibility of burning at temperatures lower than 850ºC, thus promoting a product final cost reduction