956 resultados para Port of Sines administration


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ABSTRACT: Excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia induce strong endocytosis in neurons, and we here investigate its functional role in neuroprotection by a functional transactivator of transcription (TAT)-peptide, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor D-JNKI1, against NMDA-excitotoxicity in vitro and neonatal ischemic stroke in P12 Sprague-Dawley rats. In both situations, the neuroprotective efficacy of D-JNKI1 was confirmed, but excessively high doses were counterproductive. Importantly, the induced endocytosis was necessary for neuroprotection, which required that the TAT-peptide be administered at a time when induced endocytosis was occurring. Uptake by other routes failed to protect, and even promoted cell death at high doses. Blocking the induced endocytosis of D-JNKI1 with heparin or with an excess of D-TAT-peptide eliminated the neuroprotection. We conclude that excitotoxicity-induced endocytosis is a basic property of stressed neurons that can target neuroprotective TAT-peptides into the neurons that need protection. Furthermore, it is the main mediator of neuroprotection by D-JNKI1. This may explain promising reports of strong neuroprotection by TAT-peptides without apparent side effects, and warns that the timing of peptide administration is crucial.

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Quantitative knowledge of the turnover of different leukocyte populations is a key to our understanding of immune function in health and disease. Much progress has been made thanks to the introduction of stable isotope labeling, the state-of-the-art technique for in vivo quantification of cellular life spans. Yet, even leukocyte life span estimates on the basis of stable isotope labeling can vary up to 10-fold among laboratories. We investigated whether these differences could be the result of variances in the length of the labeling period among studies. To this end, we performed deuterated water-labeling experiments in mice, in which only the length of label administration was varied. The resulting life span estimates were indeed dependent on the length of the labeling period when the data were analyzed using a commonly used single-exponential model. We show that multiexponential models provide the necessary tool to obtain life span estimates that are independent of the length of the labeling period. Use of a multiexponential model enabled us to reduce the gap between human T-cell life span estimates from 2 previously published labeling studies. This provides an important step toward unambiguous understanding of leukocyte turnover in health and disease.

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Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are small molecules produced by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. They are lipid mediators that act as autocrine or paracrine factors to regulate inflammation and vascular tone. As a result, drugs that raise EET levels are in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension and many other diseases. However, despite their pleiotropic effects on cells, little is known about the role of these epoxyeicosanoids in cancer. Here, using genetic and pharmacological manipulation of endogenous EET levels, we demonstrate that EETs are critical for primary tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, we found that EETs stimulated extensive multiorgan metastasis and escape from tumor dormancy in several tumor models. This systemic metastasis was not caused by excessive primary tumor growth but depended on endothelium-derived EETs at the site of metastasis. Administration of synthetic EETs recapitulated these results, while EET antagonists suppressed tumor growth and metastasis, demonstrating in vivo that pharmacological modulation of EETs can affect cancer growth. Furthermore, inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the enzyme that metabolizes EETs, elevated endogenous EET levels and promoted primary tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, our data indicate a central role for EETs in tumorigenesis, offering a mechanistic link between lipid signaling and cancer and emphasizing the critical importance of considering possible effects of EET-modulating drugs on cancer.

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In the present study, we have investigated the anatomic distribution in blood and gut mucosal tissues of memory poxvirus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in subjects vaccinated with smallpox and compared it with vector (NYVAC)-specific and HIV insert-specific T-cell responses induced by an experimental DNA-C/ NYVAC-C vaccine regimen. Smallpox-specific CD4 T-cell responses were present in the blood of 52% of the subjects studied, while smallpox-specific CD8 T cells were rarely detected (12%). With one exception, smallpox-specific T cells were not measurable in gut tissues. Interestingly, NYVAC vector-specific and HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were detected in almost 100% of the subjects immunized with DNA-C/NYVAC-C in blood and gut tissues. The large majority (83%) of NYVAC-specific CD4 T cells expressed α4β7 integrins and the HIV coreceptor CCR5. These results demonstrate that the experimental DNA-C/NYVAC-C HIV vaccine regimen induces the homing of potentially protective HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the gut, the port of entry of HIV and one of the major sites for HIV spreading and the depletion of CD4 T cells.

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Amb la finalitat d’estudiar els ritmes d’acumulació de sediments durant els últims 100 anys, s’han extret tres testimonis de sediments del canyó d’Arenys a profunditats de 1074 m, 1410 m i 1632 m respectivament. Els ritmes de sedimentació basats en els perfils verticals de Pb-210 suggereixen que les tendències actuals sobre el flux i acumulació de sediments poden ser diferents a tendències passades. Durant la dècada dels 70 es va portar a terme una ràpida evolució de la flota pesquera del port d’Arenys de Mar. Aquest fet es pot relacionar amb els canvis en el ritme d’acumulació dels sediments al testimoni extret a 1074 m. Els flancs del canyó submarí són objectiu dels arrossegadors del port d’Arenys de Mar, una activitat que pot fer variar la morfologia del fons marí, la resuspensió de les partícules i pot crear fluxos de terbolesa. Per tant, els resultats suggereixen que l’activitat pesquera d’arrossegament pot afectar als ambients submarins d’una manera més important del que s’havia pensat.

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PURPOSE: We evaluated the attitude in using chemotherapy near the end of life in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Clinical and laboratory parameters recorded at last chemotherapy administration were analyzed, in order to identify risk factors for imminent death. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent at least one line of palliative chemotherapy was made. Data concerning chemotherapy (regimens, lines, and date of last administration) were collected. Clinical and laboratory factors recorded at last chemotherapy administration were: performance status, presence of ascites, hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC), platelets, total bilirubin, albumin, LDH, C-reactive protein (C-rp), and Ca 19.9. RESULTS: We analyzed 231 patients: males/females, 53/47 %; metastatic/locally advanced disease, 80/20 %; and median age, 66 years (range 32-85). All patients died due to disease progression. Median overall survival was 6.1 months (95 % CI 5.1-7.2). At the last chemotherapy delivery, performance status was 0-1 in 37 % and 2 in 63 %. Fifty-nine percent of patients received one chemotherapy line, while 32, 8, and 1 % had second-, third-, and fourth line, respectively. The interval between last chemotherapy administration and death was <4 weeks in 24 %, ≥4-12 in 47 %, and >12 in 29 %. Median survival from last chemotherapy to death was 7.5 weeks (95 % CI 6.7-8.4). In a univariate analysis, ascites, elevated WBC, bilirubin, LDH, C-rp and Ca 19.9, and reduced albumin were found to predict shorter survival; however, none of them remained significant in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of patients with advanced PAC received chemotherapy within the last month of life. The clinical and laboratory parameters recorded at last chemotherapy delivery did not predict shorter survival.

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Objectives: Levosimendan, a calcium-sensitizing agent has been reported as useful for the management of patients with low cardiac output state. We report here our experience, safety and efficacy of use of levosimendan as rescue therapy after surgery for congenital heart disease. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on patients necessitating levosimendan therapy for post operative low cardiac output or severe post operative systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Twelve patients with a mean age of 2.1 years (range 7 days - 14 years old) received levosimendan. Type of surgery: 3 arterial switch, 3 correction of complete abnormal pulmonary venous return, 3 closure of VSD and correction of aortic coarctation, 3 Tetralogy of Fallot, one correction of truncus arteriosus and one palliation for single ventricle. The mean time of ECC was 203 +/- 81min. Ten patients received levosimendan for low cardiac output not responding to conventional therapy in these cases (milrinone, dopamine and noradrenaline) in the first 6 hours following entry in the ICU and 3 patients received levosimendan 3-4 days after surgery for severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Levosimendan was given as a drip for 24-48 hours at the dose of 0.1-0.2 mcg/ kg/min, without loading dose. Results: Significant changes were noted on mean plasmatic lactate (3.3 +/- 1.7mmole/L vs 1.8 +/-0.6mmole/L, p+0.01), mean central venous saturation (55 +/- 11% vs 68 +/- 10%, p+0.01) and mean arterio-venous difference in CO2 (9.6 +/- 4.9mmHg vs 6.7 +/- 2.1mmHg, p+0.05) for values before and at the end of levosimendan administration. There was no significant changes on heart rate, systolic pressure or central venous pressure. No adverse effect was observed. Conclusion: Levosimendan, used as rescue therapy after surgery for congenital heart disease, is safe and improves cardiac output as demonstrated with improvement of parameters commonly used clinically.

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The circadian timing system controls cell cycle, apoptosis, drug bioactivation, and transport and detoxification mechanisms in healthy tissues. As a consequence, the tolerability of cancer chemotherapy varies up to several folds as a function of circadian timing of drug administration in experimental models. Best antitumor efficacy of single-agent or combination chemotherapy usually corresponds to the delivery of anticancer drugs near their respective times of best tolerability. Mathematical models reveal that such coincidence between chronotolerance and chronoefficacy is best explained by differences in the circadian and cell cycle dynamics of host and cancer cells, especially with regard circadian entrainment and cell cycle variability. In the clinic, a large improvement in tolerability was shown in international randomized trials where cancer patients received the same sinusoidal chronotherapy schedule over 24h as compared to constant-rate infusion or wrongly timed chronotherapy. However, sex, genetic background, and lifestyle were found to influence optimal chronotherapy scheduling. These findings support systems biology approaches to cancer chronotherapeutics. They involve the systematic experimental mapping and modeling of chronopharmacology pathways in synchronized cell cultures and their adjustment to mouse models of both sexes and distinct genetic background, as recently shown for irinotecan. Model-based personalized circadian drug delivery aims at jointly improving tolerability and efficacy of anticancer drugs based on the circadian timing system of individual patients, using dedicated circadian biomarker and drug delivery technologies.

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In this paper we present the results of a research about the relationship betwen the social economic characteristics of the students and their academiec achievement at university level. The sample was formed with students of business administration from the business schools of Girona and Sabadell. The results show that the students can be classified in three social economic categories: low middle and high. They also show that the academic achieveent can not be associated to any dermined category. This can be explained by the fact that the educational system has alread done a selection in previous levels of studies

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Työn tavoitteena oli laatiavuonna 2008 valmistuvaan Vuosaaren satamaan palon-, öljyn- ja vaarallisten aineiden torjuntasuunnitelmat. Suunnitelmat perustuvat eri lain-säädännön sekä sataman ympäristöluvan vaatimuksiin. Ne otetaan käyttöön jo sata-man rakentamisen yhteydessä. Suunnitelmissa on Vuosaaren satamassa työskentelevälle henkilöstölle toimintaohjei-ta erilaisten onnettomuuksien varalle. Suunnitelmat täyttävät viranomaisten niille asettamat vaatimukset. Liitteillä on tarkentavia piirroksia ja toimintaohjeita, joita voi tarvittaessa hyödyntää työpisteissä tai torjuntakonteissa. Suunnitelmien laadinnassa ovat olleet mukana Helsingin Sataman ao. toiminnasta vastaavat henkilöt sekä eri viranomaiset (ympäristö- ja pelastusviranomaiset). Varsinainen diplomityö on kuvaus ja tiivistelmä eri suunnitelmista ja siitä, miten ne ovat syntyneet.

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Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää Vuosaaren sataman käyttöönoton ja Helsingin nykyisten tavarasatamien siirron samanaikaissuutta siten, että palvelu toimii koko ajan. Tässä tutkimuksessa Vuosaaren satamalle muodostettiin erilaisia käyttöönottomalleja, joista kartoitettiin hyviä ja huonoja puolia. Ennen käyttöönottomallien muodostamista selvitettiin, mitä satamatoiminnot ovat Helsingin satamassa tällä hetkellä ja miten satamatoiminnot muuttuvat siirryttäessä Vuosaaren satamaan. Tämä tutkimus on ensiaskel ennen kokonaisvaltaista Vuosaaren sataman käyttöönoton ja nykyisten tavarasatamien siirron suunnittelua.

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Pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on operationalisoida T&K- yhteistyön prosessimaista luonnetta, eli tarkemmin sanottuna analysoida T&K-yhteistyösuhteidenmuodostumista ja motiiveja. Tutkielman hypoteesit muodostettiin analysoimalla yrityksen teknologiastrategiaan perustuvia uuden tiedon tuonnin ja olemassa olevan tiedon hyväksikäytön oppimistavoitteita. Motivaatio T&K- yhteistyölle syntyy mahdollisuudesta T&K- projektien riskien jakamiseen. T&K- yhteistyön motiiveja analysoitiin transaktio- ja byrokratiahyötyjen, jotka pohjautuvat mittakaava- ja synergiaeduille, lähteitä arvioiden. Hypoteeseja testattiin 276 suomalaisen teollisuusyrityksen otoksella. Otoksen yrityksillä oliollut T&K- toimintaa. Otos perustuu kyselyyn, joka toteutettiin Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston kauppatieteiden osastolla vuonna 2004. Hypoteeseja testattiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä; lineaarisella regressioanalyysillä, parillisten ja riippumattomien otosten t-testeillä. Validiteetti- ja multikollineaarisuusongelman todennäköisyydet on huomioitu. Hypoteesit vahvistuivat osittain. Teknologisella epävarmuudella ja monimutkaisuudella ei ole suoraa vaikutusta T&K- yhteistyön intensiivisyyteen. Teknologisella epävarmuudella on osittainen vaikutus teknologiastrategian valintaan. Yrityksen transaktio- ja byrokratiahyödyt riippuvat teknologisista kyvykkyyksistä. Vain korkean teknologian alan yritykset saavuttavat hyötyjä myös intensiivisesti T&K- yhteistyösuhteita koordinoimalla. Teknologiaintensiivisyyteen perustuvien erot perustuvat teknologisen tiedon luonteeseen toimialalla. Transaktiokustannusteorian mukainenkustannusten minimointi ja kompetenssiperusteisten teorioiden mukainen strategisointi selittävät komplementaarisesti T&K-yhteistyösuhteiden muodostumista ja yrityksen rajojen määräytymistä.

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The primary target of this study is to examine what kind of cultural differences have been noticed in co-operation concerning twin-city of Finnish town Imatra and Russian town Svetogorsk. The secondary purpose of the study is to analyse influences of cultural differences on leadership in this twin-city project and it's realizing. The case study has been carried out by qualitative research method. The research material has been gathered mainly by interviews. The results of the study show that cultural differences in twin-city co-operation are most clearly associated with the culture of the administration, attitude towards relations, communication style and the meaning of planning and time. The results also show that it has been realized both in Imatra and in Svetogorsk, that culture is a significant factor when people work together. Although its influence on leadership has not been analysed completely. The activities are mostly guided by common goals.

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Hallinnon tarkastus kuuluu tilintarkastusprosessiin kirjanpidon ja tilinpäätöksen ohella. Suomessa tilintarkastajalla on lakisääteinen velvollisuus suorittaa hallinnon tarkastus. Tutkimuksesta käy ilmi, että ei ole olemassa yhtä oikeaa tapaa määritellä hallinnon tarkastuksen kohteita. Tietyt tarkastuksen kohteet voidaan erottaa selvästi hallinnon tarkastukseksi, kun taas monet kohteet voidaan yhtä hyvin luokitella myös kirjanpidon tarkastukseksi. Selvää jakoa tarkastuskohteiden välille on mahdotonta tehdä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää mitä sisältyy suurten ja keskisuurten osakeyhtiöiden hallinnon tarkastukseen. Tutkimuksessa esitellään hallinnon tarkastuksen kohteet ensin kirjallisuuden pohjalta. Empiirisessä osuudessa tutkitaan kyselytutkimuksen avulla käytännön hallinnon tarkastusta ja selvitetään mihin asioihin kussakin tarkastuskohteessa tilintarkastajan kiinnittää huomiota. Tutkimus on osoitettu KHT- ja HTM tilintarkastajille. Tutkimuksen avulla halutaan selkeyttää hallinnon tarkastuksen vaiheita ja sisältöä. Tutkimuksen avulla pyritään myös osoittamaan kuinka hallinnon tarkastus tilintarkastuksen osa-alueena kytkeytyy koko tilintarkastusprosessiin.

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Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten yksilö kokee ulkoistetuntyösuhteensa työhyvinvoinnin näkökulmasta. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tuodaan esiin ulkoistamisen erityispiirteitä ja työhyvinvoinnin osalta sitä kuormittavia ja sääteleviä tekijöitä. Tutkimus on laadullinen tutkimus, jonka empiirinen osuus on koottu yksilöhaastatteluilla Ruokolahden kunnassa. Kunnanjohdon edustajilta kerättiin tietoa ulkoistamisesta strategisena ratkaisuna. Ulkoistettuja tehtäviä hoitavien pienyrittäjien haastatteluiden fokus oli työhyvinvointikokemuksissa. Ulkoistetuissa suhteissa löytyi paikallisten, perinteisten työolotekijöiden lisäksi hajautetulle organisaatiolle spesifisiä työn kuormitustekijöitä, joilla oli vaikutusta työhyvinvointikokemuksiin. Mm. työntekijöiden autonomisuuden lisääntyminen ja sopimusosapuolten luottamuksen molemminpuolinen kasvu ulkoistamissopimuksen aikana ovat tässä tutkitussa tapauksessa tehneet työhyvinvointikokemukset positiivisemmiksi verrattuna aiempiin palkkatyösuhteisiin, vaikka työhyvinvoinnin pohdinta on ollut sekundaarista pohdintaa niin ulkoistajilla kuin ulkoistetuillakin.