998 resultados para Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marqués de, 1699-1782
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Dissertao apresentada na Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obteno do grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gesto Industrial
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The aim of this work was to assess the influence of meteorological conditions on the dispersion of particulate matter from an industrial zone into urban and suburban areas. The particulate matter concentration was related to the most important meteorological variables such as wind direction, velocity and frequency. A coal-fired power plant was considered to be the main emission source with two stacks of 225 m height. A middle point between the two stacks was taken as the centre of two concentric circles with 6 and 20 km radius delimiting the sampling area. About 40 sampling collectors were placed within this area. Meteorological data was obtained from a portable meteorological station placed at approximately 1.7 km to SE from the stacks. Additional data was obtained from the electrical company that runs the coal power plant. These data covers the years from 2006 to the present. A detailed statistical analysis was performed to identify the most frequent meteorological conditions concerning mainly wind speed and direction. This analysis revealed that the most frequent wind blows from Northwest and North and the strongest winds blow from Northwest. Particulate matter deposition was obtained in two sampling campaigns carried out in summer and in spring. For the first campaign the monthly average flux deposition was 1.90 g/m2 and for the second campaign this value was 0.79 g/m2. Wind dispersion occurred predominantly from North to South, away from the nearest residential area, located at about 6 km to Northwest from the stacks. Nevertheless, the higher deposition fluxes occurred in the NW/N and NE/E quadrants. This study was conducted considering only the contribution of particulate matter from coal combustion, however, others sources may be present as well, such as road traffic. Additional chemical analyses and microanalysis are needed to identify the source linkage to flux deposition levels.
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Foi empregado o teste imunoenzimtico com componentes antignicos de Cysticercus cellulosae quimicamente ligados a suporte inerte constitudo por discos de tecido-resina, ELISA-d, com a finalidade de investigar a entidade neurocisticercose (NC) em lquidos cefalorraquianos (LCR) de pacientes com meningites de etiologia indeterminada. Foram ensaiados 277 LCR de 128 crianas e 149 adultos. A densidade ptica mdia (DO) obtida para os 22 LCR de pacientes nos quais foi afastada a possibilidade diagnstica de meningite foi de 0,03. Os 44 LCR de pacientes com meningites determinadas por diversos agentes etiolgicos, no cisticercose, apresentaram DO de 0,05. O limiar de reatividade do teste ELISA-d calculado a partir desses dois grupos (controle) foi de 0,13 (DO + 3SD). No grupo de 13 LCR de pacientes com NC comprovada em episdio meningtico por essa causa, foi observada DO de 0,41 (0,10 a 0,91) no teste ELISA-d. Dos 198 LCR de meningites por agente etiolgico no identificado pelos mtodos usualmente empregados, 23 (11,6%) apresentaram DO acima de 0,13, sugerindo que a possvel causa da meningite tenha sido por cisticercose, uma vez que o teste ELISA-d tem apresentado elevadas sensibilidade, especificidade e reprodutibilidade. Em cinco dos 23 LCR a alterao no exame quimiocitolgico era s custas do aumento do nmero de clulas predominantemente linfomononucleares, em 13 o predomnio era de polimorfonucleares e nos cinco restantes ambos os tipos de clulas estavam em nmero aumentado.
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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employing antigens from Toxocara canis larvae and the absortion of suspected sera with Ascaris lumbricoides extracts was used in a seroepidemiological study performed in five municipalities of So Paulo State, Brazil (So Paulo, Campinas, Santos, Marlia and Presidente Prudente) in order to determine the frequency of antibodies to Toxocara. In 2,025 blood samples collected, 806 proceeded from male subjects and 1,219 from females; 483 samples were collected from subjects under 15 years of age and the remaining 1,542 from subjects aged 15 years or over. Among the 2,025 sera investigated, 3.60% had antibodies to Toxocara at significant levels. A moderate predominance of infection with Toxocara among male subjects (3.72%) was observed, although the difference was not statistically significant when this rate was compared with that for female (3.28%). Related to age, a higher frequency of positive results was detected among subjects under 15 years (6.41%) against the older group (2.53%). A trend of more elevated rates of infection was observed in municipalities with high demographic densities (So Paulo, Campinas and Santos). Nevertheless, such findings only appeared to be statistically significant in subjects younger than 15 years.
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Realizou-se estudo comparativo de diferentes sorotipos de Leptospira interrogans utilizados na preparao de antgenos empregados no teste ELISA, para a deteco de anticorpos da classe IgM, em amostras de soro na fase precoce e tardia da leptospirose humana. Foram utilizados dez sorotipos, escolhidos entre os que apresentaram maior reatividade na soroaglutinao microscpica (SAM), na cidade de So Paulo. Os cinco sorotipos que apresentaram melhores resultados individualmente no teste ELISA-IgM (canicola, hebdomadis, icterohaemorrhagiae, cynopteri e brasiliensis), foram tambm estudados em mistura antignica. Os antgenos no tratados apresentaram maior reatividade do que os antgenos tratados com Triton X - 100 (4%) temperatura de 50C, durante 4 horas. O teste ELISA-IgM empregando os sorotipos no tratados, isoladamente, e em mistura antignica, mostrou-se altamente sensvel, podendo ser empregado como teste de triagem para o diagnstico precoce da leptospirose humana. Outra aplicao do teste permitir a deteco do incio de situaes epidmicas ou de surtos, possibilitando acionar medidas de vigilncia epidemiolgica.
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Parasitological examinations were carried out during July to December, 1989, on 485 inhabitants of four villages in So Loureno da Mata, 25 km northwest of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Approximately 99.6% of the inhabitants were infected with at least one species of intestinal parasites. A high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni (82.1%), hookworm (80.2%) Trichuris trichiura (69.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.9%) and Entamoeba coli (36.7%) infections were demonstrated. Test tube cultivation revealed that the most common species of hookworm in this region was Necator americanus (88.4%), and also that the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis was 5.8%. Three hundred and thirty-four sera were serologically examined for amoebiasis by the gel diffusion precipitation test (GDP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No positive reaction was observed in all sera as examined by GDP, while 24 sera were positive by ELISA.
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Le test ELISA-TTANOS (Biosys, France) a t utilis pour le titrage des anti-corps ttaniques (sensibilit = 0,0025 UI/ml) en srums humains de donneurs de sang, 566 hommes et 108 femmes, ges de 18 58 ans, moyenne de 29 ans, provenant de So Paulo, SP, Brsil. L'OMS, acceptant seulement la sroneutralisation sur souris (NT), la mthode de rfrence, pour les tudes sur la protection contre le ttanos, prconise le titre de 0,01 UI/ml comme minimum protecteur. BOURLEAUD & HUET ont propos la limite de 0,06 UI/ml quand s'emploie le test ELISA, en attendant une certaine discordance invitable entre les mthodes. Parmi les 674 srums tudis, 178 (26,41%) n'ont pas prsent d'anticorps (< 0,0025 UI/ml); 413 (61,28%) ont prsent des rsultats gaux ou suprieurs 0,01 UI/ml et en 232 (34,42%) les titres ont t gaux ou suprieurs 0,06 UI/ml. Le pourcentage d'individus protgs a t inversement proportionnel 1'ge: environ 50% dans le groupe le plus jeune (hommes de 18 35 ans et femmes de 18 23 ans) contre environ 10% dans le groupe de plus de 42 ans ont prsent des titres srement protecteurs (> 0,06 UI/ml).
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Um surto de leptospirose humana por atividade recreacional ocorreu no municpio de So José dos Campos em novembro de 1987, envolvendo um grupo de pessoas que, ao participarem de uma festa de confraternizao em um clube na periferia da cidade, banharam-se em uma piscina de gua natural. Aps a realizao da investigao epidemiolgica e laboratorial, observou-se alta prevalncia do sorotipo pomona na anlise sorolgica (91%) e no se conseguiu isolar o agente etiolgico nas amostras de gua da piscina do clube. Os dados epidemiolgicos e laboratoriais sugerem que a fonte de infeco tenha sido a gua da piscina contaminada por dejetos de sunos e de outros animais domsticos dos locais adjacentes a gua do crrego que alimentava a piscina do clube.
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Dissertao de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administrao do Porto para a obteno do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionalizao, sob orientao de Celsa Maria Carvalho Machado e Adalmiro lvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira
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In order to cater for an extended readership, crime fiction, like most popular genres, is based on the repetition of a formula allowing for the reader's immediate identification. This first domestication is followed, at the time of its translation, by a second process, which wipes out those characteristics of the source text that may come into conflict with the dominant values of the target culture. An analysis of the textual and paratextual strategies used in the English translation of José Carlos Somoza's La caverna de las ideas (2000) shows the efforts to make the novel more easily marketable in the English-speaking world through the elimination of most of the obstacles to easy readability.
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Recenso crtica
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The dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was standardized using somatic (S) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Toxocara-canis for the detection of specific antibodies in 22 serum samples from children aged 1 to 15 years, with clinical signs of toxocariasis. Fourteen serum samples from apparently normal individuals and 28 sera from patients with other pathologies were used as controls. All samples were used before and after absorption with Ascaris suum extract. When the results were evaluated in comparison with ELISA, the two tests were found to have similar sensitivity, but dot-ELISA was found to be more specific in the presence of the two antigens studied. Dot-ELISA proved to be effective for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis, presenting advantages in terms of yield, stability, time and ease of execution and low cost.
