An examination of the techniques used to capture mangrove crabs, Ucides cordatus, in the Mamanguape River estuary, Northeastern Brazil, with implications for management.

The present research, undertaken in a mangrove swamp in northeastern Brazil (Mamanguape River Estuary), examined the factors that led to the overwhelming acceptance of the tangle-netting technique by crab harvesters in detriment to the now illegal tamping technique. Both techniques are the only ones currently used at our study site and in many other areas in Brazil, despite being prohibited by law. Data were collected through direct observations to determine capture efficiency, productivity, daily production, selectivity, and harvesting effort, and through interviews with crab harvesters, focusing on their perceptions of the capture techniques, the conditions of crab stocks and the sales price of a dozen crabs. Our results indicated that the two capture techniques did not significantly differ in terms of their efficiency or productivity, but daily production rates differed significantly, being greater using tangle-netting. The tangle-netting permits a greater harvesting effort (6 hours and 34 min) compared to tamping (4 hours and 19 min). Tangle-netting is also less selective than tamping indicated by the larger number of captured smaller specimens, including females. This results in a lower average sales price for a dozen crabs caught by tangle-netting (US$ 0.95) compared to tamping (US$ 1.02). The greater daily production of crab harvesters using the tangle-netting technique nevertheless increased their net gain, explaining their preference for this method, Given that tangle-netting results in greater harvesting pressure but lower selectivity compared to tamping, it may potentially be less sustainable. All of the crab harvesters interviewed having more than 20 years of experience (n = 34) stated they perceived that stocks of U. cordatus had become reduced over the last 20 years, together with average crab sizes. It is now important to examine the structure of the local U. cordatus population and to assess its fishery to allow evaluating whether the illegal, but prominent tangle-netting and tamping mangrove crab capture techniques are sustainable or not. We further suggest improving the dialogue between decision makers and fishermen, which barely exists to date, to initiate a discussion about possible ways of resolving the current situation of illegality of the fishermen. This will be key to achieving effective sustainable co-management of this important natural mangrove forest resource.

A rehabilitation intervention to promote physical recovery following intensive care: a detailed description of construct development, rationale and content together with proposed taxonomy to capture processes in a randomised controlled trial.

Background: increasing numbers of patients are surviving critical illness, but survival may be associated with a constellation of physical and psychological sequelae that can cause on going disability and reduced health-related quality of life. Limited evidence currently exists to guide the optimum structure, timing, and content of rehabilitation programmes. There is a need to both develop and evaluate interventions to support and expedite recovery during the post-ICU discharge period. This paper describes the construct development for a complex rehabilitation intervention intended to promote physical recovery following critical illness. The intervention is currently being evaluated in a randomised trial (ISRCTN09412438; funder Chief Scientists Office, Scotland). Methods: the intervention was developed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex healthcare interventions. We ensured representation from a wide variety of stakeholders including content experts from multiple specialties, methodologists, and patient representation. The intervention construct was initially based on literature review, local observational and audit work, qualitative studies with ICU survivors, and brainstorming activities. Iterative refinement was aided by the publication of a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline (No. 83), publicly available patient stories (Healthtalkonline), a stakeholder event in collaboration with the James Lind Alliance, and local piloting. Modelling and further work involved a feasibility trial and development of a novel generic rehabilitation assistant (GRA) role. Several rounds of external peer review during successive funding applications also contributed to development. Results: the final construct for the complex intervention involved a dedicated GRA trained to pre-defined competencies across multiple rehabilitation domains (physiotherapy, dietetics, occupational therapy, and speech/language therapy), with specific training in post-critical illness issues. The intervention was from ICU discharge to 3 months post-discharge, including inpatient and post-hospital discharge elements. Clear strategies to provide information to patients/families were included. A detailed taxonomy was developed to define and describe the processes undertaken, and capture them during the trial. The detailed process measure description, together with a range of patient, health service, and economic outcomes were successfully mapped on to the modified CONSORT recommendations for reporting non-pharmacologic trial interventions. Conclusions: the MRC complex intervention framework was an effective guide to developing a novel post-ICU rehabilitation intervention. Combining a clearly defined new healthcare role with a detailed taxonomy of process and activity enabled the intervention to be clearly described for the purpose of trial delivery and reporting. These data will be useful when interpreting the results of the randomised trial, will increase internal and external trial validity, and help others implement the intervention if the intervention proves clinically and cost effective.

Panorama da produção nacional e internacional sobre Informação Musical

A Organização da Informação (OI) envolve diferentes processos cuja finalidade é possibilitar o acesso à informação. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar um panorama quali-quantitativo dos estudos sobre informação musical em nível nacional e internacional no campo da OI. Realizamos um levantamento dos documentos publicados a partir de 2002 nas bases de dados LISA e BRAPCI, nos eventos ENANCIB e ISMIR, e no periódico ARIST. O corpus final da pesquisa é constituído de 55 documentos sobre OI da informação musical, que foram analisados e classificados tematicamente de acordo com a classificação JITA. Os resultados apontam os Estados Unidos como país com maior produção no tema e o ano de 2011 como período com maior número de documentos publicados. Apesar da predominância das abordagens de cunho qualitativo, a maior parte dos documentos se refere à descrição de sistemas de recuperação da informação musical, envolvendo ou não usuários. À guisa de conclusão, observamos a forte interlocução dos estudos em informação musical com a área da computação e o ainda pequeno desenvolvimento teórico da área.

Panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertações

As bibliotecas de teses e dissertações têm um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento científico e cultural de um país. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, de modo geral, analisar o panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertações. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar a sociedade da informação enquanto contexto das BDTD; caracterizar os vários tipos de bibliotecas surgidos a partir da inserção das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação; identificar as diretrizes norteadoras da implantação de BDTD; e levantar as BDTD existentes no Brasil. Para tato, além de levantamento bibliográfico, realizou-se uma pesquisa nos sites de instituições de ensino superior brasileiras que já dispõe de bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertações em funcionamento. A análise e interpretação destes dados nos permite considerar que no Brasil as BDTD encontram-se num estágio embrionário, sendo relevante pesquisar a histórica implantação e configuração desse novo modelo de biblioteca.

Capture d'un Requin-Baleine, Rhineodon typus A. Smith, en Cohinchine: résumé de connaissances sur ce poisson

A description of a whale shark (Rhincodon typus) captured on June 1934 along the coast of Cap Ti Oan is given. The scientific name Rhincodon is not correct due to a typographic error. The name with greek origin, should be: Rhineodon typus.

Plan of the siege of Plattsburg and capture of the British fleet on Lake Champlain the 11th Sptr. 1814 : to accompany B. Tanner's print of Macdonough's victory.

Relief shown by hachures.

Panorama de la educación nacional

En la década de los 90, el paisaje educacional en El Salvador era preocupante e incierto, producto del periodo de tensión a causa del conflicto armado que la tierra cuscatleca vivía en su día a día. En términos generales, los problemas educacionales que aquejaban a la clase trabajadora se evidenciaban en las alarmantes cifras que dejaban en claro que solamente el 12% de la población alcanzaba a terminar el 9° grado, mientras que un 11% lograba terminar la escuela secundaria, sin avanzar a más, dejando en evidencia que solo un 1% lograba llegar a estudios universitarios. El resto de los porcentajes lo conforman los niveles altos de analfabetismo, el cual oscilaba entre el 70% y 75%, perteneciendo en mayor porción al sector rural y específicamente, en su gran mayoría, al sector femenino. Estas cifras mostraban la inquietante marginación educativa de la nación, lo que reafirmaba que el sistema educativo estaba dirigido únicamente al servicio de las minorías de poder. Este artículo consiste en un análisis de corta extensión, pero de valioso contenido que permitirá al lector entender claramente la situación educativa salvadoreña del año 1991, específicamente en los niveles de educación inicial, nivel medio, nivel superior no universitario, nivel universitario, sector docente y educación especial

CO2 capture by adsorption in post combustion processes

Global concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly. CO2 emissions have huge impact on global climate change. Therefore, efficient CO2 emission abatement strategies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are required to combat this phenomenon. There are three major approaches for CCS: - Post-combustion capture; - Pre-combustion capture; - Oxyfuel process. Post-combustion capture offers some advantages in terms of cost as existing combustion technologies can still be used without radical changes on them. This makes post-combustion capture easier to implement as a retrofit option compared to the other two approaches. Therefore, post-combustion capture is probably the first technology that will be deployed on a large scale. The aim of this work is to study the adsorption equilibrium of CO2, CH4 and N2 in zeolite 5A at 40ºC. For this, experiments were performed to determine the isotherms of adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 near 40ºC with the conditions of the post-combustion capture processes. It has been found that the 5A zeolite adsorbs a significant quantity of CO2 values of about 5 mol/kg at a pressure of 5 bar.

Panorama de la reforma electoral 2014 en México: Debates y análisis con experiencias desde el estado de Nuevo León

En el presente libro se aborda la más reciente reforma electoral en México desde la perspectiva de Nuevo León. Se tratan puntos como: el proceso de la gestión electoral, estudio a la participación política de los ciudadanos en Nuevo León, las actitudes se toman frente a dicho organismo, el nivel, interés y la confianza que se tiene hacia las instituciones políticas. También ofrece un análisis, de aspecto muy importante, de la reciente reforma que se ha efectuado a nivel federal, que es el tema de las candidaturas independientes o ciudadanas. La finalidad de este último, conocer la opinión de los ciudadanos, ya que sorprendentemente en Nuevo León surgió efecto la reforma, y dio resultados positivos en las elecciones recientes, con lo que se obtuvo por mayoría de votos, la elección del gobernante independiente.

Innovation dynamics in rural areas: contributions to capture and measure innovation, valuing territorial specificities

Doutoramento em Gestão Interdisciplinar da Paisagem - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Universidade dos Açores / Universidade de Évora

Influence of the time of capture on lipid content of the meagre produced in aquaculture

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Projectar com luz, cor e matéria

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Arquitectura de Interiores, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Panorama bibliográfico del cine español, (1902-2002)

En la presente tesis doctoral se presenta un panorama bibliográfico que consta de seis mil trescientos cincuenta y ocho asientos bibliográficos de obras publicadas en torno al arte cinematográfico, por autores españoles o extranjeros afines a nuestro país,2 escritas en las principales lenguas españolas. Desde un principio, el objetivo principal a alcanzar fue actualizar y completar la Bibliografía cinematográfica española de Mario Rodríguez Aragón, publicada en 1956, lo cual se ha logrado al superar las cuatrocientas veinticinco asientos bibliográficos que contiene dicho repertorio. Cronológicamente abarca desde 1902 a 2002. El repertorio bibliográfico aporta información muy valiosa sobre el acceso a las fuentes documentales e incorpora un estudio preliminar de carácter histórico que comenta la producción bibliográfica española en torno al cine. La metodología es la propia del trabajo bibliográfico, es decir, búsqueda de los materiales, su análisis e identificación, y su descripción. Cada una de estas fases requiere una actuación diversa: desde la consulta de las fuentes de información más variadas (repertorios, bases de datos, catálogos…) hasta la identificación y descripción "de visu" de la mayor parte de los materiales, con el consiguiente desplazamiento a los fondos documentales. Una herramienta imprescindible para la consecución de esta tarea ha sido ProCite 5. Dicho gestor bibliográfico ha permitido clasificar la información de manera adecuada, para que su recuperación fuese sencilla, rápida y precisa, a la vez que exhaustiva. Con el fin de facilitar la localización y organización de las obras según los intereses investigadores, se incluyen en un apartado los siguientes índices: onomástico, títulos, materias y películas.