Incidência e aspectos de imagem do linfoma pós-transplante hepático em crianças

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência e os aspectos de imagem do linfoma pós-transplante hepático em crianças. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários e exames de imagem de crianças submetidas a transplante hepático entre 2000 e 2008 em uma única instituição. RESULTADOS: De 241 crianças submetidas a transplante hepático, com seguimento médio de 41,4 ± 26,4 meses, 16 (6,6%) tiveram linfoma. A média de idade no transplante hepático das crianças que desenvolveram linfoma foi inferior à das crianças que não desenvolveram (23,9 ± 18,9 vs. 38,0 ± 48,9 meses; p = 0,02). O tempo entre o transplante e o desenvolvimento do linfoma variou de 6 a 103 meses. A apresentação clínica e radiológica foi variável e a localização mais comum do tumor foi no abdome (n = 13; 81,3%), seguida de tórax e cabeça e pescoço (n = 4; 25,0% cada). Os achados de imagem incluíram: linfonodomegalias, massas mediastinais, pulmonares e mesentéricas, espessamento parietal de alças intestinais e nódulos hepáticos e renais. Quatro crianças (25,0%) faleceram devido a complicações do linfoma. CONCLUSÃO: Linfomas são complicações relativamente incomuns e potencialmente fatais que podem acontecer a qualquer momento após o transplante hepático em crianças, e que têm diversas apresentações clínicas e de imagem.

Controle de qualidade de monitores de diagnóstico por imagem e iluminância nos espaços de pós-processamento em serviços de imagiologia

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade dos monitores de diagnóstico e tratamento de imagem digital em radiologia convencional (raios X) com base nos níveis de luminância. Fez-se a medição da iluminância dos postos de trabalho onde estavam os monitores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A medição da luminância foi realizada usando-se um detector Unfors Xi Light em cinco instituições, com 23 monitores primários e 22 secundários, sendo 6 usados em urgência, seguindo o método descrito no relatório TG18 da American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). O instrumento de medida utilizado foi o Delta Ohm HD 9221 luximeter. RESULTADOS: Para as recomendações da AAPM, tanto monitores primários como secundários cumpriram, no geral, os níveis de tolerância. No caso dos níveis de iluminância, nos locais de trabalho dos monitores primários encontravam-se ligeiramente acima do intervalo recomendado. Quanto às recomendações do The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR), os monitores que respeitaram os níveis recomendados estavam em minoria, embora as diferenças não fossem significativas. CONCLUSÃO: Em geral, os resultados foram satisfatórios, embora os monitores não fossem adequados para atingir as recomendações exigentes do RCR. Os níveis de referência entre os monitores primários e secundários deveriam aproximar-se, de modo a garantir a qualidade de imagem. Os monitores para visualização e diagnóstico de imagens médicas devem ser regularmente avaliados para manter um sistema com a qualidade exigida, dada a função que desempenham.

Prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival in advanced biliary tract cancer.

BACKGROUND: Biliary tract cancer is an uncommon cancer with a poor outcome. We assembled data from the National Cancer Research Institute (UK) ABC-02 study and 10 international studies to determine prognostic outcome characteristics for patients with advanced disease. METHODS: Multivariable analyses of the final dataset from the ABC-02 study were carried out. All variables were simultaneously included in a Cox proportional hazards model, and backward elimination was used to produce the final model (using a significance level of 10%), in which the selected variables were associated independently with outcome. This score was validated externally by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis using the independent international dataset. RESULTS: A total of 410 patients were included from the ABC-02 study and 753 from the international dataset. An overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) Cox model was derived from the ABC-02 study. White blood cells, haemoglobin, disease status, bilirubin, neutrophils, gender, and performance status were considered prognostic for survival (all with P < 0.10). Patients with metastatic disease {hazard ratio (HR) 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-2.02]} and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2 had worse survival [HR 2.24 (95% CI 1.53-3.28)]. In a dataset restricted to patients who received cisplatin and gemcitabine with ECOG PS 0 and 1, only haemoglobin, disease status, bilirubin, and neutrophils were associated with PFS and OS. ROC analysis suggested the models generated from the ABC-02 study had a limited prognostic value [6-month PFS: area under the curve (AUC) 62% (95% CI 57-68); 1-year OS: AUC 64% (95% CI 58-69)]. CONCLUSION: These data propose a set of prognostic criteria for outcome in advanced biliary tract cancer derived from the ABC-02 study that are validated in an international dataset. Although these findings establish the benchmark for the prognostic evaluation of patients with ABC and confirm the value of longheld clinical observations, the ability of the model to correctly predict prognosis is limited and needs to be improved through identification of additional clinical and molecular markers.

Embolização arterial no tratamento de hemobilia pós-trauma hepático: relato de caso

Hemobilia é causa rara de hemorragia digestiva e complicação incomum no trauma hepático. Ocorre devido à comunicação entre ductos biliares e vasos intra-hepáticos. Os autores relatam um caso de paciente vítima de ferimento penetrante abdominal que evoluiu, após três meses da hepatorrafia, com dor, icterícia e hemorragia digestiva. Foi realizada angiografia, que demonstrou pseudoaneurisma de artéria hepática direita, e efetuada embolização com sucesso.

Obstrução duodenal por hematoma parietal pós-trauma: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Os hematomas parietais de alças intestinais por trauma abdominal fechado, determinando rápida obstrução luminal, são lesões raras e podem ser confundidas com afecções neoplásicas estenosantes (parietais ou por mecanismo de compressão extrínseca). Neste estudo é relatado um caso de obstrução intestinal por hematoma parietal da terceira porção duodenal pós-trauma e são discutidos o diagnóstico por imagem e o tratamento para tal obstrução.

Dismissal of the illusion of uncertainty in the assessment of a likelihood ratio

The use of the Bayes factor (BF) or likelihood ratio as a metric to assess the probative value of forensic traces is largely supported by operational standards and recommendations in different forensic disciplines. However, the progress towards more widespread consensus about foundational principles is still fragile as it raises new problems about which views differ. It is not uncommon e.g. to encounter scientists who feel the need to compute the probability distribution of a given expression of evidential value (i.e. a BF), or to place intervals or significance probabilities on such a quantity. The article here presents arguments to show that such views involve a misconception of principles and abuse of language. The conclusion of the discussion is that, in a given case at hand, forensic scientists ought to offer to a court of justice a given single value for the BF, rather than an expression based on a distribution over a range of values.

Pseudocisto pulmonar pós-traumático em jogador de futebol: relato de caso

Pseudocistos pulmonares são lesões raras que se desenvolvem no parênquima pulmonar após traumas fechados e de grande energia, cujo diagnóstico se baseia na associação da história clínica com exames de imagem. Relata-se a seguir um pseudocisto pulmonar ocorrido no parênquima contralateral ao trauma em um homem de 31 anos que apresentou episódio de hemoptise após queda durante partida de futebol.

A evolução da pós-graduação em química no Brasil

The post-graduate teaching of chemistry in Brazil over the last years is discussed, including comparisons with some other sciences and also experiences in the United States and the United Kingdom. We have also compared the more recent situation with the previous decade, which leads us to a favourable conclusion as to the results obtained in the teaching of post-graduate students in chemistry. Some conclusions and recommendations are made with respect to the near future.

Parental body condition does not correlate with offspring sex-ratio in Cory's shearwater

We analyzed offspring sex ratio variation in Mediterranean Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris d. diomedea) during two consecutive breeding seasons in two colonies. We test for differential breeding conditions between years and colonies looking at several breeding parameters and parental condition. We then explored the relationship between offspring sex ratio and parental condition and breeding parameters. This species is sexually dimorphic with males larger and heavier than females; consequently we expected differential parental cost in rearing sexes, or a greater sensitivity of male chicks to adverse conditions, which may lead to biased sex ratios. Chicks were sexed molecularly by the amplification of the CHD genes. Offspring sex ratio did not differ from parity, either at hatching or fledging, regardless of the colony or year. However, parental body condition and breeding parameters such as egg size and breeding success were different between years and colonies. Nevertheless, neither nestling mortality nor body condition at fledging varied between years or colonies, suggesting that male and female chicks were probably not differentially affected by variability in breeding conditions.

Avaliação dos programas de pós-graduação em química no Brasil

A broad picture of the graduate programs in chemistry in Brazil is analyzed from the data collected during the period 1996/1997 for evaluation by CAPES. The results are compared with those from previous evaluations, indicating significant quantitative and qualitative progresses.

Preparação e caracterização de pós cerâmicos de aluminatos de lítio

The preparation of gamma-LiAlO2 by coprecipitation and sol-gel synthesis was investigated. Ceramic powders obtained by coprecipitation synthesis were prepared from aqueous solutions of aluminum and lithium nitrates using sodium hydroxide as precipitant agent. By sol-gel synthesis, the ceramic powders were prepared from hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide. The materials obtained by two routes of synthesis were dried at 80ºC and calcined at 550, 750, 950 and 1150ºC. The characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, emission and absorption atomic spectrometry, helium picnometry, specific surface area (BET method) and scanning electronic microscopy. Mixtures of crystalline phases were obtained by coprecipitation synthesis: 80ºC- LiAl2(OH)7.2H2O + Al(OH)3; 550 and 750ºC- alpha-LiAlO2 + eta-Al2O3; 950 and 1150ºC- gamma-LiAlO2 + LiAl5O8. Chemical analysis showed molar ration Al/Li @ 3. Crystalline single-phases were obtained by sol-gel synthesis above 550ºC: 550ºC-alpha-LiAlO2; 750, 950 and 1150ºC-gamma-LiAlO2. These powders presented molar ration Al/Li @ 1. Thus, gamma-LiAlO2 crystalline phase was obtained at 750ºC by sol-gel synthesis while by coprecipitation synthesis, a mixture of crystalline phases was obtained. These results showed the superiority of the sol-gel synthesis for the preparation of pure gamma-LiAlO2.

Construindo o estágio de docência da pós-graduação em química

The teaching apprenticeship established by CAPES for post-graduation scholarship beholders has been discussed and the criterion adopted for the implementation in the post-graduation in Inorganic Chemistry Program presented. A teaching plan for the new subject is proposed, based on the experience gained through a first group. An instrument for evaluation of the student's performance has been developed and analyzed. Aspects like knowledge, clearness, enthusiasm, confidence, good manage on the audio-visual resources, class length are mentioned by degree of importance and the major difficulties faced and pointed out by the students.