Oral Bisphosphonate Exposure and the Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers

The association between oral bisphosphonate use and upper gastrointestinal cancer has been controversial. Therefore, we examined the association with esophageal and gastric cancer within the Kaiser Permanente, Northern California population. A total of 1,011 cases of esophageal (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) and 1,923 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma (cardia, non-cardia and other) diagnosed between 1997 and 2011 from the Kaiser Permanente, Northern California cancer registry were matched to 49,886 and 93,747 controls, respectively. Oral bisphosphonate prescription fills at least one year prior to the index date were extracted. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between prospectively evaluated oral bisphosphonate use with incident esophageal and gastric cancer diagnoses with adjustment for potential confounders. After adjustment for potential confounders, no significant associations were found for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.52), esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.24), or gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.18), but we observed an adverse association with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (OR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.50). In conclusion, we observed no association between oral bisphosphonate use and esophageal cancer risk within a large community-based population. A significant association was detected with gastric cardia and other adenocarcinoma risk, although this needs to be replicated.

Lo que cuento no es mi cuento: Cultura andina y tradición oral

Alfredo Mires asumió en 1982 la conducción de la Red de Bibliotecas Rurales de Cajamarca. Apuntaló desde entonces la organícidad y principios que ahora caracterizan este movimiento. Desde antes ya habia acompañado procesos de rescate cultural y sustentó el inicio de esta tarea al interior de la Red. En 1986, via asambleas y reuniones con campesinos y en las propias comunidades, fundó el Proyecto Enciclopedia Campesina. Fruto de esos andares es este trabajo, reflexión de la experiencia que afirma la convicción de mirar hacia las raices para seguir creciendo. Aquí se suman muchas lunas y soles, armadas con Ia hoja sagrada y caminatas interminables acompañando este proceso éducativo-cultural desde y con las propias comunidades campesinas. Lo que cuento no es mi cuento fue concebido inicialmente como una tesis, pero revisado y ampliado, precisa la concepción y la experiencia sostenida. Porque hablar del saber andino y de las experiencias mencionadas, es habitual de una población que vive, recrea, fortalece y recupera de manera permanente y desde siempre el equilibrio sagrado entre sociedad y naturaleza.

Concentration of tumor biomarkers using aqueous biphasic systems

According to the World Health Organization, around 8.2 million people die each year with cancer. Most patients do not perform routine diagnoses and the symptoms, in most situations, occur when the patient is already at an advanced stage of the disease, consequently resulting in a high cancer mortality. Currently, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among males worldwide. In Portugal, this is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the third that causes more deaths. Taking into account that there is no cure for advanced stages of prostate cancer, the main strategy comprises an early diagnosis to increase the successful rate of the treatment. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an important biomarker of prostate cancer that can be detected in biological fluids, including blood, urine and semen. However, the commercial kits available are addressed for blood samples and the commonly used analytical methods for their detection and quantification requires specialized staff, specific equipment and extensive sample processing, resulting in an expensive process. Thus, the aim of this MSc thesis consisted on the development of a simple, efficient and less expensive method for the extraction and concentration of PSA from urine samples using aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of ionic liquids. Initially, the phase diagrams of a set of aqueous biphasic systems composed of an organic salt and ionic liquids were determined. Then, their ability to extract PSA was ascertained. The obtained results reveal that in the tested systems the prostate specific antigen is completely extracted to the ionic-liquid-rich phase in a single step. Subsequently, the applicability of the investigated ABS for the concentration of PSA was addressed, either from aqueous solutions or urine samples. The low concentration of this biomarker in urine (clinically significant below 150 ng/mL) usually hinders its detection by conventional analytical techniques. The obtained results showed that it is possible to extract and concentrate PSA, up to 250 times in a single-step, so that it can be identified and quantified using less expensive techniques.

Concentration of tumor biomarkers using aqueous biphasic systems

According to the World Health Organization, around 8.2 million people die each year with cancer. Most patients do not perform routine diagnoses and the symptoms, in most situations, occur when the patient is already at an advanced stage of the disease, consequently resulting in a high cancer mortality. Currently, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among males worldwide. In Portugal, this is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the third that causes more deaths. Taking into account that there is no cure for advanced stages of prostate cancer, the main strategy comprises an early diagnosis to increase the successful rate of the treatment. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an important biomarker of prostate cancer that can be detected in biological fluids, including blood, urine and semen. However, the commercial kits available are addressed for blood samples and the commonly used analytical methods for their detection and quantification requires specialized staff, specific equipment and extensive sample processing, resulting in an expensive process. Thus, the aim of this MSc thesis consisted on the development of a simple, efficient and less expensive method for the extraction and concentration of PSA from urine samples using aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of ionic liquids. Initially, the phase diagrams of a set of aqueous biphasic systems composed of an organic salt and ionic liquids were determined. Then, their ability to extract PSA was ascertained. The obtained results reveal that in the tested systems the prostate specific antigen is completely extracted to the ionic-liquid-rich phase in a single step. Subsequently, the applicability of the investigated ABS for the concentration of PSA was addressed, either from aqueous solutions or urine samples. The low concentration of this biomarker in urine (clinically significant below 150 ng/mL) usually hinders its detection by conventional analytical techniques. The obtained results showed that it is possible to extract and concentrate PSA, up to 250 times in a single-step, so that it can be identified and quantified using less expensive techniques.

Alguns romances da tradição oral de Aljezur

As versões de romances que a seguir apresento foram recolhidas no concelho de Aljezur, distrito de Faro, no ano de 1989, quando frequentei a disciplina de Romanceiro Tradicional sob a orientação do Prof. Pere Ferré. Para esta pequena recolha foram preciosos os ensinamentos do Prof. Ferré, e algumas notas sobre a tradição algarvia dadas pela Profª. Vanda Anastácio.

Le traitement de l'erreur à l'oral entre pairs sous l'approche communicative dans une classe de français langue seconde

Ce mémoire aborde le traitement de l'erreur à l'oral entre apprenants dans une classe de français langue seconde de l'Université de Sherbrooke (Québec). Dans les classes de français langue seconde de cette institution, les étudiants travaillent la plupart du temps en équipes du fait que l'approche communicative est utilisée comme modèle pédagogique. L'objectif général de cette recherche a été d'explorer, à partir du moment où une erreur est produite, les relations entre les types de rétroactions utilisées par les apprenants dans le but de corriger leurs collègues et les réponses suivant ces rétroactions. Principalement, cette étude sur le traitement de l'erreur à l'oral dans un contexte de travail en équipe a révélé que la correction faite par un pair ne passe pas inaperçue et qu'elle est fréquemment suivie par une réparation immédiate de l'énoncé fautif initial ou encore, d'une tentative de correction.

Da memória do povo - Recolha de literatura popular da tradição oral do Concelho de Portimão

Margarida Tengarrinha oferece - nos, nesta obra, um leque bastante diversificado do património, adentro das “artes da fala”, correndo nas memórias do povo do concelho de Portimão. O fruto da sua recolecção, os “textos” que recebeu, transcreveu e estudou, é aqui editado com uma valência, cremos,, primeiro que tudo pedagógica. Assim, os textos agrupam - se por “manchas de leitura” com uma coerência interna aglutinadora, aparecendo ordenados sob uma classificação entre formal — segundo os “géneros”, como “contos” , “lendas”, “romances”, “orações”, por exemplo — e temática — por “fundos de sentido” semantizados nas comunicações: “bruxas e bruxedos”, “benzeduras, mezinhas, maldições e superstições”, “poesias maliciosas”, por exemplo.

Sobre a tradição oral Algarvia. 1— Poesia recolhida na freguesia de Querença. As orações

Breve reflexão sobre as orações e os romances-oração contidos na colecção entitulada Tradição Oral Algarvia.I — Poesia Recolhida na Freguesia de Querença. Deixando de lado a perspectiva diacrónica, vamos considerar as formas mnemónicas e formulísticas de algumas orações de protecção: Padre Nosso Pequenino, uma oração da noite, As Tabuínhas de Moisés, uma "oração forte" para ser recitada duma forma extremamente rigorosa e ritualizada, através duma estrita ordem verbal e numérica. É também referido um romance-oração recolhido só no Algarve e que apresenta, em certas versões, formas vestigiais de paralelismo também encontradas nalguns romances líricos.

A estética discursiva nos contos da literatura oral mirandesa: uma abordagem estatístico-pragmática

Neste artigo, pretendo destacar a forma como o discurso dos contos da literatura oral obedece a regras e leis que podem ser medidas e verificadas.Para tal, analisarei três narrativas, em língua mirandesa, recolhidas na Terra de Miranda onde este idioma é falado. Em seguida, procederei à descrição da sua estrutura, assim como à trajectória e organização discursiva, que sobressai para além da aparente simplicidade e desorganização. Na primeira parte, de carácter empírico, descreverei algumas particularidades desta região, reflectindo sobre o papel dos contos da literatura oral na construção da identidade mirandesa. Na segunda, de âmbito estatístico, será feita a análise dos dados lexicais, textuais e discursivos. O método de trabalho baseia-se na estatística paramétrica. Esta análise é confrontada com os dados teóricos que acompanham, corroboram ou contestam, os dados estatísticos. O estudo completa-se com a apresentação dos textos e das ecografias lexicais de cada conto.

La tradición oral en el antiguo testamento. Aproximación al legado de los patriarcas

Há muito que, graças a diversos investigadores (Frazer, Gaster, Patai, etc.), se sabe ter o texto da Bíblia chegado até nós cheio de episódios e motivos que aparecem também nas epopeias de outros povos vizinhos de Israel (o Grande Dilúvio, o menino no cestinho de vime, a Torre de Babel...), todas elas, em geral, anteriores à narrativa bíblica. Mas, deixando de lado a questão das datas e fontes do Pentateuco, assim como da sua relação com as epopeias limítrofes, é possível verificar também que existem episódios que estão, ao mesmo tempo, na Bíblia e na literatura oral moderna e, além disso, que certas passagens bíblicas aproveitaram sequências narrativas que existiam previamente na tradição oral, antes de passarem ao texto escrito. Esta incorporação efectuou-se não de forma inócua, mas sim de acordo com determinada função: validar e justificar origens e actuações. Mostrar este facto é o objectivo do presente artigo (o primeiro duma prevista série de três), em que tratamos sobretudo do episódio de Judá e Tamar (Gén. 38).

Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2: influência da farmacogenómica na terapêutica oral

Dissertação de mest., Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Contributo para o estudo da literatura oral no Algarve

Dissertação de mest., Promoção e Mediação da Leitura, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2012

La qualité du français oral d'étudiants en formation initiale des maîtres regard sur les grilles d'observation

Alors que la didactique du français oral a pris un essor fulgurant au Québec depuis les années 1990, les recherches actuelles n'ont que trop peu effleuré les modalités d'évaluation de la qualité du français oral des futurs enseignants. En effet, ce thème incontournable dans le cadre de la formation des futurs maîtres souffre d'une méconnaissance des diverses modalités d'évaluation de sa qualité par les formateurs universitaires. Le lien entre formation des futurs enseignants et identification de leurs besoins et de leurs difficultés est indéniable. Dans ce contexte, nous avons interrogé les qualités métrologiques de deux grilles d'observation de l'oral : Gervais, Laurier et Paret (1994) ainsi que Préfontaine, Lebrun et Nachbauer (1998). Nous les avons soumises à 10 experts-évaluateurs qui oeuvrent en formation des maîtres et qui ont un lien avec l'évaluation de la qualité du français oral des futurs enseignants.

Searching biocompounds in marine natural extracts with potential use in tumor prevention and treatment

Cancer is a multistage process characterized by three stages: initiation, promotion and progression; and is one of the major killers worldwide. Oxidative stress acts as initiator in tumorigenesis; chronic inflammation promotes cancer; and apoptosis inactivation is an issue in cancer progression. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of hexane, ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of five species of halophytes: A. macrostachyum, P. coronopus, J. acutus, C. edulis and A. halimus. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods, and the total phenolics content (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by the Griess method, and by evaluating the inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW- 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts against HepG2 and THP1 cell lines was estimated by the MTT assay, and the results obtained were further compared with the S17 non-tumor cell line. The induction of apoptosis of J. acutus ether extract was assessed by DAPI staining. The highest antioxidant activities was observed in C. edulis methanol and the J. acutus ether extracts against the DPPH• radical; and J. acutus ether and A. halimus ether extracts against the ABTS•+ radical. The methanol extracts of C. edulis and P. coronopus, and the ether extract of J. acutus revealed a high TPC. Generally the antioxidant activity had no correlation with the TPC. The A. halimus chloroform and P. coronopus hexane extracts demonstrated ability to reduce NO production in macrophages (> 50%), revealing their anti-inflammatory capacity. The ether extract of J. acutus showed high cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with reduced cellular viability even at the lowest concentrations. This outcome was significantly lower than the obtained with the non-tumor cells (S17). This result was complemented by the induction of apoptosis.