Realising the cup product of local Tate duality

We present an explicit description, in terms of central simple algebras, of a cup product map which occurs in the statement of local Tate duality for Galois modules of prime cardinality p. Given cocycles f and g, we construct a central simple algebra of dimension p^2 whose class in the Brauer group gives the cup product f\cup g. This algebra is as small as possible.

Bayesian analysis of uncertainty in the GlobCover 2009 land cover product at climate model grid scale

Land cover data derived from satellites are commonly used to prescribe inputs to models of the land surface. Since such data inevitably contains errors, quantifying how uncertainties in the data affect a model’s output is important. To do so, a spatial distribution of possible land cover values is required to propagate through the model’s simulation. However, at large scales, such as those required for climate models, such spatial modelling can be difficult. Also, computer models often require land cover proportions at sites larger than the original map scale as inputs, and it is the uncertainty in these proportions that this article discusses. This paper describes a Monte Carlo sampling scheme that generates realisations of land cover proportions from the posterior distribution as implied by a Bayesian analysis that combines spatial information in the land cover map and its associated confusion matrix. The technique is computationally simple and has been applied previously to the Land Cover Map 2000 for the region of England and Wales. This article demonstrates the ability of the technique to scale up to large (global) satellite derived land cover maps and reports its application to the GlobCover 2009 data product. The results show that, in general, the GlobCover data possesses only small biases, with the largest belonging to non–vegetated surfaces. In vegetated surfaces, the most prominent area of uncertainty is Southern Africa, which represents a complex heterogeneous landscape. It is also clear from this study that greater resources need to be devoted to the construction of comprehensive confusion matrices.

Indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over function fields of smooth p-adic curves

We construct indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over function fields of connected smooth curves X over Z(p). This is done by defining an index preserving morphism s: Br(<(K(X))over cap>)` --> Br(K(X))` which splits res : Br(K (X)) --> Br(<(K(X))over cap>), where <(K(X))over cap> is the completion of K (X) at the special fiber, and using it to lift indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over <(K(X))over cap>. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spallation product distributions and neutron multiplicities for accelerator-driven system using the CRISP code

Neutron multiplicities for several targets and spallation products of proton-induced reactions in thin targets of interest to an accelerator-driven system obtained with the CRISP code have been reported. This code is a Monte Carlo calculation that simulates the intranuclear cascade and evaporationl fission competition processes. Results are compared with experimental data, and agreement between each other can be considered quite satisfactory in a very broad energy range of incitant particles and different targets.

Quantum States Allowing Minimum Uncertainty Product of phi and L(z)

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for states to have an arbitrarily small uncertainty product of the azimuthal angle phi and its canonical moment L(z). We illustrate our results with analytical examples.

A Trotter-Kato product formula for a class of non-autonomous evolution equations

In this article dedicated to Professor V. Lakshmikantham on the occasion of the celebration of his 84th birthday, we announce new results concerning the existence and various properties of an evolution system UA+B(t, s)(0 <= s <= t <= T) generated by the sum -(A(t)+B(t)) of two linear, time-dependent and generally unbounded operators defined on time-dependent domains in a complex and separable Banach space B. In particular, writing G(B) for the algebra of all linear bounded operators on B, we can express UA+B(t, s)(0 <= s <= t <= T) as the strong limit in L(B) of a product of the holomorphic contraction semigroups generated by -A(t) and -B(t), thereby getting a product formula of the Trotter-Kato type under very general conditions which allow the domain D(A(t)+B(t)) to evolve with time provided there exists a fixed set D subset of boolean AND D-t epsilon[0,D-T](A(t)+B(t)) everywhere dense in B. We then mention several possible applications of our product formula to various classes of non-autonomous parabolic initial-boundary value problems, as well as to evolution problems of Schrodinger type related to the theory of time-dependent singular perturbations of self-adjoint operators in quantum mechanics. We defer all the proofs and all the details of the applications to a separate publication. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dependence of the product on the P-P ligand in reactions of [RuCl(3)(NO)(P-P)] complexes (P-P = aromatic diphosphines) with 2-mercaptopyridine

This study presents the syntheses and characterization of 2-mercaptopyridine (pyS(-)) complexes containing ruthenium(II) with the following general formula [Ru(pyS)(2)(P-P)], P-P = (c-dppen) = cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) (1); (dppe)=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (2); (dppp)=1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (3) and (dppb) = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (4). The complexes were synthesized from the mer- or fac-[RuCl(3)(NO)(P-P)] precursors in the presence of triethylamine in methanol solution with dependence of the product on the P-P ligand. The reaction of pyS- with a ruthenium complex containing a bulky aromatic diphosphine dppb disclosed a major product with a dangling coordinated dppbO-P, the [Ru(pyS)(2)(NO)(eta(1)-dppbO-P)]PF(6) (5). In addition, this work also presents and discusses the spectroscopic and electrochemical behavior of 1-5. and report the X-ray structures for I and S. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On a product formula for the Conley-Zelmder index of symplectic paths and its applications

Using invariance by fixed-endpoints homotopies and a generalized notion of symplectic Cayley transform, we prove a product formula for the Conley-Zehnder index of continuous paths with arbitrary endpoints in the symplectic group. We discuss two applications of the formula, to the metaplectic group and to periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems.

Thermal analysis of prednicarbate and characterization of thermal decomposition product

In the present work, the thermal behavior of prednicarbate was studied using DSC and TG/DTG. The solid product remaining at the first decomposition step of the drug was isolated by TG, in air and N(2) atmospheres and was characterized using LC-MS/MS, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. It was found that the product at the first thermal decomposition step of prednicarbate corresponds to the elimination of the carbonate group bonding to C(17), and a consequent formation of double bond between C(17) and C(16). Structure elucidation of this degradation product by spectral data has been discussed in detail.

Crystal structure and theoretical calculations of Julocrotine, a natural product with antileishmanial activity

Julocrotine, N-(2,6-dioxo-l-phenethyl-piperidin-3-yl)-2-methyl-butyramide, is a potent antiproliferative agent against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (L.). In this work, the crystal structure of Julocrotine was solved by X-ray diffraction, and its geometrical parameters were compared with theoretical calculations at the B3LYP and HF level of theory. IR and NMR spectra also have been obtained and compared with theoretical calculations. IR absorptions calculated with the B3LYP level of theory employed together with the 6-311G+(d,p) basis set, are close to those observed experimentally. Theoretical NMR calculations show little deviation from experimental results. The results show that the theory is in accordance with the experimental data. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Conceptual Product Development in Small Corporations

The main objective of the thesis “Conceptual Product Development in Small Corporations” is by the use of a case study test the MFD™-method (Erixon G. , 1998) combined with PMM in a product development project. (Henceforth called MFD™/PMM-method). The MFD™/PMM-method used for documenting and controlling a product development project has since it was introduced been used in several industries and projects. The method has been proved to be a good way of working with the early stages of product development, however, there are almost only projects carried out on large industries which means that there are very few references to how the MFD™/PMM-method works in a small corporation. Therefore, was the case study in the thesis “Conceptual Product Development in Small Corporations” carried out in a small corporation to find out whether the MFD™/PMM-method also can be applied and used in such a corporation.The PMM was proposed in a paper presented at Delft University of Technology in Holland 1998 by the author and Gunnar Erixon. (See appended paper C: The chart of modular function deployment.) The title “The chart of modular function deployment” was later renamed as PMM, Product Management Map. (Sweden PreCAD AB, 2000). The PMM consists of a QFD-matrix linked to MIM (Module Indication Matrix) via a coupling matrix which makes it possible to make an unbroken chain from the customer domain to the designed product/modules. The PMM makes it easy to correct omissions made in creating new products and modules.In the thesis “Conceptual Product Development in Small Corporations” the universal MFD™/PMM-method has been adapted by the author to three models of product development; original-, evolutionary- and incremental development.The evolutionary adapted MFD™/PMM-method was tested as a case study at Atlings AB in the community Ockelbo. Atlings AB is a small corporation with a total number of 50 employees and an annual turnover of 9 million €. The product studied at the corporation was a steady rest for supporting long shafts in turning. The project team consisted of management director, a sales promoter, a production engineer, a design engineer and a workshop technician, the author as team leader and a colleague from Dalarna University as discussion partner. The project team has had six meetings.The project team managed to use MFD™ and to make a complete PMM of the studied product. There were no real problems occurring in the project work, on the contrary the team members worked very well in the group, having ideas how to improve the product. Instead, the challenge for a small company is how to work with the MFD™/PMM-method in the long run! If the MFD™/PMM-method is to be a useful tool for the company it needs to be used continuously and that requires financial and personnel resources. One way for the company to overcome the probable lack of recourses regarding capital and personnel is to establish a good cooperation with a regional university or a development centre.

Defining Relevant Product Markets for Pharmaceuticals

To identify the relevant product markets for Swedish pharmaceuticals, a spatial econometrics approach is employed. First, we calculate Moran’s Is for different market definitions and then we use a spatial Durbin model to determine the effect of price changes on quantity sold off own and competing products. As expected, the results show that competition is strongest between close substitutes; however, the relevant product markets for Swedish pharmaceuticals extend beyond close substitutes down to products included in the same class on the four-digit level of the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical system as defined by the World Health Organization. The spatial regression model further indicates that increases in the price of a product significantly lower the quantity sold of that product and in the same time increase the quantity sold of competing products. For close substitutes (products belonging to the same class on the seven-digit level of the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical system), as well as for products that, without being close substitutes, belong to the same therapeutic/pharmacological/chemical subgroup (the same class on the five-digit level of the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical system), a significant change towards increased competition is also visible after 1 July 2009 when the latest policy changes with regards to pharmaceuticals have been implemented in Sweden.

Product verification and defect repair - status and considerations

Product verifications have become a cost-intensive and time-consuming aspect of modern electronics production, but with the onset of an ever-increasing miniaturisation, these aspects will become even more cumbersome. One may also go as far as to point out that certain precision assembly, such as within the biomedical sector, is legally bound to have 0 defects within production. Since miniaturisation and precision assembly will soon become a part of almost any product, the verifications phases of assembly need to be optimised in both functionality and cost. Another aspect relates to the stability and robustness of processes, a pre-requisite for flexibility. Furthermore, as the re-engineering cycle becomes ever more important, all information gathered within the ongoing process becomes vital. In view of these points, product, or process verification may be assumed to be an important and integral part of precision assembly. In this paper, product verification is defined as the process of determining whether or not the products, at a given phase in the life-cycle, fulfil the established specifications. Since the product is given its final form and function in the assembly, the product verification normally takes place somewhere in the assembly line which is the focus for this paper.