As Ciências Sociais no Brasil: trajetória, história e institucionalização

A trajetória do pensamento social no Brasil remonta à segunda metade do século XIX e envolve muitas correntes, linhagens e famílias intelectuais que enformam as Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Por isso, há controvérsias quanto à fundação das Ciências Sociais, considerada, de um lado, por meio da trajetória histórica, e, de outro, pela institucionalização do trabalho científico. O debate ganha complexidade quando são considerados os marcos fundadores, as características, o significado e as implicações dessa institucionalização que, longe de esclarecer a questão, cria novos problemas para o entendimento e avaliação do processo. Rediscutir as circunstâncias histórico-sociais e as configurações intelectuais de sua fundação e desenvolvimento, entendemos ser pertinente e necessário, sendo esse o propósito deste artigo.

A formação do cidadão moderno: a seleção cultural para a escola primária nos manuais de Pedagogia (Brasil e Portugal, 1870–1920)

This article seeks to understand the production of the modern school in Brazil and Portugal at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis falls on the pedagogical knowledge constituted around school programs disseminated in pedagogical manuals at the Normal Schools in Brazil and Portugal. The study uses three teacher training manuals as source of information: Curso pratico de pedagogia destinado aos alunos-mestres das escholas normaes primarias e aos instituidores em exercício (1874), by Mr. Daligault; Elementos de Pedagogia para servirem de guia aos candidatos ao magistério primário (1870), by José Maria da Graça Affreixo and Henrique Freire; and Lições de metodologia (1920), by Bernardino da Fonseca Lage.

Paródia e ironia em moralités légendaires de jules laforgue

Jules Laforgue is a French Symbolist poet, he wrote poetry works such as Les complaintes, L’imitation de Notre-Dame, la lune, Le sanglot de la terre. In spite of mostly of symbolist poets write only poetry, he also dedicated himself to prose works such as Moralités Légendaires, a particular work in prose and extreme today as in the nineteenth century, he devoted himself to parody and irony. The novels that make up this book are the work of writing and tone of nuance. They refer to literary genres, without, however, respect their definitions. There are demarcation of famous texts, but that refer more to modes, themes, and aesthetic conventions. Here, the poet makes variations on familiar themes, and explore his Moralités arguments that belong to a cultural background: the myth of Hamlet, approached the novel here mentioned belong to a cultural heritage that an author set for posterity. In other novels, the author makes use of myths Greco-Latin and Judeo-Christian myths rewriting so parodic, ironic, looking for originality, doing the work of Symbolist and modern poet.

Teorias dos sistemas, cultura e espaços rurais de reforma agrária

Fundamentals of Theoretical Ecology and the principles governing ecosystems are discussed in relation to the anthropological concept of culture. These principles have been formed along with the development of Ecology and the advancement of other sciences not necessarily biologically based, such as Mathematics and Physics. A deeper understanding of Ecology in interdisciplinary projects is important because it is both a holistic Science, encompassing several disciplines of the field of knowledge, as a Science, whose principles can be applied to any other science. Its origin and evolution differ from modern sciences that emerged from Renaissance, because, taking place at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, developing itself along with the theories of systemic thinking at the beginning of this century, Ecology inspired this new thinking, culminating with the emergence of General Systems Theory in search of a "transdisciplinar" unification proposed by today's New Science. By applying the System Theory to the analysis of the behaviors of the individual and of the group, it is possible to approach the Agrarian Reform in a more comprehensive way.

A universalização da instrução e as liberdades civis e políticas: uma leitura de Perdigão Malheiro

O presente artigo analisa algumas das propostas de reformas na instituição escravocrata propugnadas pelo intelectual e político liberal Agostinho Marques Perdigão Malheiro (1824-1881). A defesa de uma reforma intelectual e moral da sociedade consubstanciada na universalização da instrução e a contestação da representação legal do escravo como inimigo doméstico e público eram temas centrais de um projeto de futuro que visava implantar ampla liberdade civil no Brasil monárquico da segunda metade do século XIX.

Americanismo e iberismo: a questão do atraso na América Latina

This article aims to analyze some aspects os interpretations of Brazil listed in Tavares Bastos, André Rebouças and Oliveira Viana. In this context, the debate on the concepts of americanism and “iberismo” become fundamental to the analysis of the development of the modernization process which it lasted from the second half of the nineteenth century to the mid of the twenty century.

Ciência e tecnologia na literatura italiana de Dante a Leopardi

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Juana I en el exilio del franquismo

La reina Juana I se construye discursivamente a partir de las crónicas de sus contemporáneos. Olvidada durante siglos, reaparece en el romanticismo francés y español. La Juana del franquismo estipula intensa intertextualidad con la Juana de la tradición decimonónica. Este texto indaga, con base en Doña Juana la Loca, de Gómez de la Serna, y Juana inventó la noche, de Martín Elizondo, la intertextualidad compleja entre la Juana del franquismo y la Juana de los exiliados.

Mudança de fronteiras étnicas e participação política de descendentes de imigrantes em São Paulo

This paper analyzes patterns of political mobility of a specific social stratum - immigrants and their descendants - in the western region of São Paulo, where coffee economy prevailed since the last quarter of the XIXth century. We investigate the main agents of local politics in seven cities: from the traditional oligarchic regime characteristic of the Old Republic to the processes of political transformation in the thirties that resulted in the post-war re-democratization, when a recomposition of local political elites takes place.

Filosofia da história no direito natural do brasil império

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

O sentido da República em Esaú e Jacó, de Machado de Assis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A revisão das antinomias na psicologia: do racionalismo cientificista ao estruturalismo

In this essay, we sustain the idea that structuralist thinking is part of spontaneous criticism against the reductionisms that surround psychology. We depart from the radical split-up between the scientific viewpoint and that of metaphysics, expressed in the end-19th century scientific psychology projects. Next, we highlight the importance of the structuralist perspective in the review of the antinomic relations between the subjective and objective, operated at the heart of psychology throughout the 20th century. We show that the rejection of unilineal causality in favor of network causality curbed the advancement of unilateral or reductionist theories in psychology. Moreover, we consider the idea of structure as a point of convergence between psychology and philosophy. More than its explanatory nature, the notion of structure reveals an epistemological register capable of re-approximating psychology to the relativization of the ideal of scientific neutrality. The importance of structuralist thinking in psychology makes us consider the history of psychological knowledge as a type of research that belongs to cultural history.

O sujeito-comprimido

Is it possible to encapsulate in a pill the benefits of an analytical treatment? Quickly suspending the symptoms? Since the nineteenth century psychiatry has offered to the so called mentally ill "medieval forms" of treatment, as is the case of institutional admissions, the straightjacket, lobotomies, shock treatments, etc. What has changed since the mid-twentieth century advent of chlorpromazine, the first psychoactive drug, and the "psychopharmacological revolution"? Today with the Psychiatric Reform mental institutions admissions are being gradually abandoned, yet we see the rise of psychoactive drugs as protagonists in mental health treatment. This theoretical essay is an extension of a master's thesis in progress on the long-term use of psychotropic drugs. It falls within the field of mental health, specifically in the debate on the medicalization of society in contemporary processes of subjectivation of the psychiatric clinics and the treatment modalities currently offered to individuals in their suffering-existence. Thus, we seek to problematize this degrading psychiatric clinics, which produces what we call the pill-subject.

Notas sobre os historiadores e suas fontes

The aim of this text is to discuss the different meanings attributed to notions of historical sources and documents from the nineteenth century, when history was constituted as a discipline. It is important to point out the centrality of this issue to the different conceptions about the production of knowledge in this field.

A psicologia da gestalt: aplicabilidade a prática pedagógica da educação de jovens e adultos

The goal of this article is to introduce the Gestalt Psychology as an alternative approach to be applied in the present pedagogic practice of education of brasilian youngsters and adults (EYA) starting with researchs done to introduce the short hystory of EYA in Brazil demonstrating its discussion among us since a long time, at least, since the transition from the Imperial to the Republican period, wich comes from the end of the XIX Century up to the begining of the XX Century. This history also shows different organizational moves of EYA already developed in this country in the public and private fields, as well its present reality in the large spectrum of brazilian education. Right after, it approachs and explains shortly the rising of the theory and the main concepts and laws of the Gestalt Psychology in an atempt to demonstrate and enlight its proposed applicability. The author finishs the article introducing the possible relation among concepts, Gestalt laws and education of youngsters and adults to be applyed day by day in the classroom to optimise the process of teaching and learning in the Education of Youngsters and Adults in Brazil.