Las prácticas de recursos humanos y su incidencia en el bienestar laboral de los empleados

El objetivo del presente trabajo es formular, mediante una profunda revisión documental, bibliográfica y empírica, una fundamentación teórica sobre si existe o no incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos sobre el bienestar laboral de los empleados, y el que grado en que esta se presenta sobre aspecto como el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. Se realizó la revisión de múltiples estudios empíricos que aportaran evidencia sobre la relación que se presenta entre las principales prácticas de recursos humanos – provisión de personal, formación y desarrollo, promoción de personal, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y pago, y balance trabajo-familia – y el bienestar laboral, representado en el engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo de los empleados. Los resultados de este trabajo indican la existencia de una relación e incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos, el bienestar laboral, el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. De igual forma se encontró que estas relaciones son principalmente de carácter positivo, lo cual indica que las organizaciones que desarrollan este tipo de prácticas en su interior, fomentan tanto el desarrollo y la presencia de bienestar laboral en sus empleados, como su perdurabilidad.

Rol y habilidades del CIO. Tres casos de estudio en Colombia: Alpina, Banco de Bogotá, Grupo Aval

Con base en la revisión de la literatura realizada acerca de los roles directivos y del rol de uno en particular que es el CIO, y tomando como referencia la información suministrada por los directivos de tecnologías de Información de las organizaciones Alpina, Banco de Bogotá y Grupo AVAL, el trabajo de investigación hace una descripción del contenido del rol de CIO e identifica las habilidades requeridas para el ejercicio de este rol en dichas organizaciones. Se espera que los resultados del presente estudio generen un valioso aporte como retroalimentación para la academia y las empresas acerca de la formación de los futuros CIO.

La pelota no se mancha: Un estudio histórico sobre el desarrollo y la política en FIFA

Esta investigación se centra en la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) como organización política. Intenta responder dos interrogantes primordiales: 1) ¿cómo la FIFA ha constituido el poder que tiene actualmente y, así, hacerse del monopolio indiscutido del fútbol? Y 2) ¿cómo ha cambiado en el tiempo la política interna de FIFA y su vínculo con la política internacional? Para lograr esto, se realiza un estudio histórico, basado principalmente en documentos, que intenta caracterizar y analizar los cambios de la organización en el tiempo. Se enfatizan las últimas dos presidencias de FIFA, de João Havelange y Joseph Blatter, como casos de estudio.

Productivity, demand and the home market effect

The causality between international trade and industrialization is still ambiguous. We consider a model of international trade with the Home Market Effect - with differences in income and productivity between sectors and between countries - in order to identify additional channels for determining the effects of international trade on industrialization. Introducing non-homothetic preferences and differences in productivity aids in the interpretation of any apparent paradoxes within international trade, such as the commercial relations between more populated countries like China and India and large economies such as the U.S. Population size, demand composition and productivity levels constitute the three main channels for determining the effects of international trade. Interactions among these channels define the results obtained in terms of industrialization, while welfare levels are always higher in relation to autarky.

Contribució al coneixement de variables geoambientals en l'àmbit de la Costa Brava (Girona)

La tesi doctoral desenvolupada, emmarcada dins del camp de les Ciències Ambientals, aplica la Geologia Ambiental orientada al coneixement dels processos i recursos geològics de cara a la planificació i a l'ordenació del territori. Com a zona d'estudi s'ha seleccionat la Costa Brava meridional, concretament tota l'àrea litoral compresa per les conques hidrogràfiques de l'Aubi, riera de Calonge, Ridaura, riera de Tossa i riera de Lloret (75 km de línia de costa i una extensió de 291 km2). Aquest treball, amb l'aptitud integradora dels conceptes i mètodes propis de les Ciències Geològiques i Ambientals, s'ha proposat com a objectius globals l'anàlisi de la qualitat i del comportament físic i químic dels materials terrestres en front les accions humanes i de la seva utilització com a recursos; l'estudi dels processos naturals i de la influència que puguin tenir sobre l'home o bé els efectes que aquest pot causar sobre aquells, i per últim, com a derivació dels anteriors, el disseny i aplicació d'instruments de tipus preventiu en la gestió del territori; és a dir, la planificació dels usos del territori. Amb la filosofia de recerca basada en que els factor geològics són uns elements d'ajuda per a la visió integral d'un territori, s'han estudiat diferents variables geoambientals procurant traduir el coneixement del medi en informació apta per a la presa de decisions sobre l'ús i preservació d'aquest àmbit litoral. Els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica (SIG) han estat clau per a la visió sistèmica del territori, per a la integració de les diferents variables geoambientals, així com per a la producció cartogràfica temàtica i final. Pel que fa als processos geològics, lligats a la dinàmica fluviotorrencial, s'han cartografiat les principals àrees d'actuació així com analitzat els factors que inicien, afavoreixen o magnifiquen la seva ocurrència. S'han estudiat les accions denudatives, els processos de transport-sedimentació i amb l'estudi integrat d'aquests processos i formes resultants s'han identificat unitats territorials caracteritzades per un comportament geomòrfic uniforme. En quant a l'anàlisi dels recursos geològics s'ha aprofundit en el coneixement dels recursos hídrics subterranis, les roques industrials i els georecursos litorals. Pel que fa als primers s'ha centrat en la delimitació de les principals unitats i subunitats aqüíferes, així com en acotar les geometries i principals característiques hidràuliques. Pel que fa als àrids i roques de construcció l'objectiu fonamental ha estat la delimitació cartogràfica d'aquells materials que per les seves propietats fisicoquímiques són potencialment aptes per als usos indicats. Finalment s'ha fet una recerca orientada a l'estudi de factors que limiten o condicionen el potencial geoturístic d'aquesta àrea litoral, concretament en els penya-segats i les platges. Les principals aportacions d'aquesta tesi doctoral es poden emmarcar en l'àmbit regional i fenomenològic, aspectes clau en la gestió i planificació territorial. Pel que fa al primer, destaquem l'aportació de dades geoambientals a nivell cartogràfic en relació a variables litoestructurals, de processos dinàmics com de recursos geològics. Des del punt de vista de l'àmbit fenomenològic destaquem la interacció de les variables estudiades a nivell de conca hidrogràfica, com són, entre d'altres, les relacions existents entre les diferents formacions aqüíferes; la possible participació de les aigües subterrànies en la resposta hidrològica del sistema fluviotorrencial, o la problemàtica derivada de l'antropització de la sorra de la platja com a conseqüència d'abocaments de terres i residus inerts als marges de les rieres.

Proceedings of the West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference 2010

FOREWORD Welcome to this West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) conference taking place here in Ghana. Thank you for coming and welcome to Accra. The main aims of the WABER conference are: to help young researchers and early-career scholars in West Africa to develop their research work and skills through constructive face-to-face interaction with experienced academics; to provide a platform for networking and collaborative work among senior built environment academics in West Africa; and to serve as a vehicle for developing the field of construction management and economics in Africa. Waber 2009 The WABER event in 2009 was held at the British Council in Accra, Ghana on 2-3 June. The event was a resounding success. It attracted participation from 32 researchers, from 12 different institutions, who presented their work to an audience of approximately 100 people. Each presenter received immediate and constructive feedback from an international panel. The event was opened by Professor K.K. Adarkwa, Vice Chancellor of KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, with several senior academics and researchers from universities, polytechnics, and other institutions in Ghana and Nigeria in attendance. There was also a significant level of attendance by senior construction practitioners in Ghana. Thank you to the School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, UK for funding the inaugural event in 2009. We are also grateful to all of you who helped to make the event a success and to those of you who have joined us here today to build upon the success and legacy of WABER 2009. Waber 2010 This year, we have 60+ peer-reviewed papers and presentations on topics relating to Building services and maintenance, Construction costs, Construction design and technology, Construction education, Construction finance, Construction procurement, Contract administration, Contract management, Contractor development, Decision support systems, Dispute resolution, Economic development, Energy efficiency, Environment and sustainability, Health and safety, Human resources, Information technology, Marketing, Materials science, Organisation strategy and business performance, Productivity, Project management, Quantity surveying, Real estate and planning, Solar energy systems, Supply chain management and Urban development. We hope that these papers will generate interest among delagates and stimulate discussion here and beyond the conference into the wider community of academia and industry. The delegates at this conference come from 10 different countries. This provides a rich international and multicultural blend and a perfect platform for networking and developing collaborations. This year we are blessed to have three high profile keynote speakers in the persons of Professor George Ofori (National University of Singapore), Dr Roine Leiringer (University of Reading, UK) and Professor Will Hughes (University of Reading, UK). We are also thankful to Dr Chris Harty (University of Reading, UK) who is facilitating the Research Skills Workshop on ‘Writing a scientific article’. Thank you to Dr Sena Agyepong of our conference organising team for her capable management of local organising arrangements. And above all, thank you to all of you for coming to this conference. Enjoy and have a safe journey back home. Dr Samuel Laryea School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading, July 2010

Coordination and control in project-based work: digital objects and infrastructures for delivery

A major infrastructure project is used to investigate the role of digital objects in the coordination of engineering design work. From a practice-based perspective, research emphasizes objects as important in enabling cooperative knowledge work and knowledge sharing. The term ‘boundary object’ has become used in the analysis of mutual and reciprocal knowledge sharing around physical and digital objects. The aim is to extend this work by analysing the introduction of an extranet into the public–private partnership project used to construct a new motorway. Multiple categories of digital objects are mobilized in coordination across heterogeneous, cross-organizational groups. The main findings are that digital objects provide mechanisms for accountability and control, as well as for mutual and reciprocal knowledge sharing; and that different types of objects are nested, forming a digital infrastructure for project delivery. Reconceptualizing boundary objects as a digital infrastructure for delivery has practical implications for management practices on large projects and for the use of digital tools, such as building information models, in construction. It provides a starting point for future research into the changing nature of digitally enabled coordination in project-based work.

Career journeys and turning points of senior female managers in small construction firms

There is under-representation of senior female managers within small construction firms in the United Kingdom. The position is denying the sector a valuable pool of labour to address acute knowledge and skill shortages. Grounded theory on the career progression of senior female managers in these firms is developed from biographical interviews. First, a turning point model which distinguishes the interplay between human agency and work/home structure is given. Second, four career development phases are identified. The career journeys are characterized by ad hoc decisions and opportunities which were not influenced by external policies aimed at improving the representation of women in construction. Third, the 'hidden', but potentially significant, contribution of women-owned small construction firms is noted. The key challenge for policy and practice is to balance these external approaches with recognition of the 'inside out' reality of the 'lived experiences' of female managers. To progress this agenda there is a need for: appropriate longitudinal statistical data to quantify the scale of senior female managers and owners of small construction firms over time; and, social construction and gendered organizational analysis research to develop a general discourse on gender difference with these firms.

A review of the spatial economics of non-timber forest product extraction: implications for policy

Patterns of forest cover and forest degradation determine the size and types of ecosystem services forests provide. Particularly in low-income countries, nontimber forest product (NTFP) extraction by rural people, which provides important resources and income to the rural poor, contributes to the level and pattern of forest degradation. Although recent policy, particularly in Africa, emphasizes forest degradation, relatively little research describes the spatial aspects of NTFP collection that lead to spatial degradation patterns. This paper reviews both the spatial empirical work on NTFP extraction and related forest degradation patterns, and spatial models of behavior of rural people who extract NTFPs from forest. Despite the impact of rural people's behavior on resulting quantities and patterns of forest resources, spatial–temporal models/patterns rarely inform park siting and sizing decisions, econometric assessments of park effectiveness, development projects to support conservation, or REDD protocols. Using the literature review as a lens, we discuss the models' implications for these policies with particular emphasis on effective conservation spending and leakage.

Home-ownership for future generations

This paper constructs a housing market model to analyse conditions for different generations of households in the UK. Previous policy work has suggested that baby-boomers have benefitted at the expense of younger generations. The model relies on a form of financial accelerator in which existing homeowners reinvest a proportion of the capital gains on moving home. The model is extended to look at homeownership probabilities. It also explains why an increasing share of mortgages has gone to existing owners, despite market liberalisation and securitisation. In addition, the model contributes to the explanation of volatility.

Farmer experience of pluralistic agricultural extension, Malawi

Purpose: Malawi’s current extension policy supports pluralism and advocates responsiveness to farmer demand. We investigate whether smallholder farmers’ experience supports the assumption that access to multiple service providers leads to extension and advisory services that respond to the needs of farmers. Design/methodology/approach: Within a case study approach, two villages were purposively selected for in-depth qualitative analysis of available services and farmers’ experiences. Focus group discussions were held separately with male and female farmers in each village, followed by semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants selected through snowball sampling. Transcripts were analysed by themes and summaries of themes were made from cross case analysis. Findings: Farmers appreciate having access to a variety of sources of technical advice and enterprise specific technology. However, most service providers continue to dominate and dictate what they will offer. Market access remains a challenge, as providers still emphasize pushing a particular technology to increase farm productivity rather than addressing farmers’ expressed needs. Although farmers work in groups, providers do not seek to strengthen these to enable active interaction and to link them to input and produce markets. This limits farmers’ capacity to continue with innovations after service providers pull out. Poor coordination between providers limits exploitation of potential synergies amongst actors. Practical implications: Services providers can adapt their approach to engage farmers in discussion of their needs and work collaboratively to address them. At a system level, institutions that have a coordination function can play a more dynamic role in brokering interaction between providers and farmers to ensure coverage and responsiveness. Originality/value: The study provides a new farmer perspective on the implementation of extension reforms.