Isolation, spectra, structure, and ring-opening polymerization of strained macrocyclic aryl(ether ketone) dimer

Macrocyclic arylene ether ketone dimer was isolated from a mixture of cyclic oligomers obtained by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of bisphenol A and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and easily polymerized to high molecular weight linear poly(ether ketone). The cyclic compound was characterized by FTIR, H-1- and C-13-NMR, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Analysis of the spectral and crystal structure reveals extreme distortions of he phenyl rings attached to the isopropylidene center and of the turning points of the molecular polygons. The release of the ring strain on ring-opening combined with entropical difference between the linear polymer chain and the more rigid macrocycle at temperatures of polymerization may be the proposed motivating factors in the polymerization of this precursor to high molecular weight poly(ether ketone). (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

稀土（Nd，Pr）（Ⅲ）双酞菁衍生物的合成、表征和气敏特性

合成了八－４－（四氢糠氧基）酞菁钕（Ⅲ）（Ａ）、八－４－（β－萘氧基）酞菁钕（Ⅲ）（Ｂ）、八－４－（２，４－二叔戊基苯氧基）酞菁钕（Ⅲ）（Ｃ）和八－４－（２，４－二叔戊基苯氧基）酞菁镨（Ⅲ）（Ｄ）４种新的稀土（Ｎｄ、Ｐｒ）（Ⅲ）双酞菁衍生物，经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱表征．紫外可见光谱表明，它们在氯仿（１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）溶液中以单分子形式存在．热重分析证明配合物的热稳定性：Ｂ＞Ｃ～Ｄ＞Ａ．４种配合物成膜性好，Ｚ型沉积形成的单层ＬＢ膜材料对氨气有响应，特别是八－４－（四氢糠氧基）酞菁钕（Ⅲ）的膜材料对氨气很敏感，可与铜酞菁ＬＢ膜气敏性相比．

Propagators and ridge jumps in a back-arc basin, the West Philippine Basin

We explore the tectono-magmatic processes in the western West Philippine Basin, Philippine Sea Plate, using bathymetric data acquired in 2003 and 2004. The northwestern part of the basin formed through a series of northwestward propagating rifts. We identify at least five sequences of propagating rifts, probably triggered by mantle flow away from the mantle thermal anomaly that is responsible for the origin of the Benham and Urdenata plateaus. Gravitational forces caused by along-axis topographic gradient and a similar to 30 degrees ridge reorientation appear to also be driving the rift propagations. The along-axis mantle flow appears to be reduced and deflected along the Luzon-Okinawa fracture zone, because the spreading system remained stable west of this major fault zone. North-east of the Benham plateau, a left-lateral fracture zone has turned into a NE-SW-trending spreading axis. As a result, a microplate developed at the triple junction.

Origin of a native sulfur chimney in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, offshore northeast Taiwan

Analyses of rare earth and trace element concentrations of native sulfur samples from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field were performed at the Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using an Elan DRC II ICP-MS, and combining the sulfur isotopic compositions of native sulfur samples, we studied the sources and formation of a native sulfur chimney. The results show, when comparing them with native sulfur from crater lakes and other volcanic areas, that the native sulfur content of this chimney is very high (99.96%), the rare earth element (REE) and trace element constituents of the chimney are very low (Sigma REE < 21x10(-9)), and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the native sulfur samples are similar to those of the Kueishantao andesite, implying that the interaction of subseafloor fluid-andesite at the Kueishantao hydrothermal field was of short duration. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the native sulfur samples reveal that the sulfur of the chimney, from H2S and SO2, originated by magmatic degassing and that the REEs and trace elements are mostly from the Kueishantao andesite and partly from seawater. Combining these results with an analysis of the thermodynamics, it is clear that from the relatively low temperature (< 116 degrees C), the oxygenated and acidic environment is favorable for formation of this native sulfur chimney in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field.

中国鲳属鱼灯形态和生化特征及系统发育研究

鲳属鱼类是鲈形目中具有很高经济价值的名贵鱼类，广泛分布于我国沿海。我国是鲳鱼产量最高的国家之一，仅1995年产量就达20.9万吨(中国渔业统计年鉴,1995),约占世界鲳鱼达的60%以上.近二、三十年来，由于受传统业资源的过度开发、近海资源不足以及海洋环境污染因素影响，我国四大渔业中的大、小黄鱼及带鱼资源相继衰竭，使年产约２０万吨的鲳属鱼类在我国海洋渔业中占据越来越理要的地位，引起了国内外鱼类学家的广泛注意。然而，鲳属鱼类的分布和命名问题，长期以来，国内外专家学者众说纷绘纭、菲衷一是。本文总结的近二百年来有问中国鲳属鱼类分类研究的国内外文献资料，根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年（1951－1998）采集并收藏的以及新补充采集的鲳鱼标本，对我国沿海鲳属鱼类的外部形态（包括体形、体色、鳍、鳞片）、消化器官（包括牙齿、食道侧囊、胃、幽门盲囊、肠、肝）、呼吸器官、感觉器官、骨骼系统（包括脑颅、咽颅、脊椎骨、附肢骨骼）等生化特征作了系统地比较研究，并用支序分类学原理和方法分析了中国鲳属种间的系统发育关第，得到如下结果：1. 中国沿海鲳属鱼分共有5种:银鲳Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen,1788)、翎鲳P. punctatissimus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845)、灰鲳 P.cinereus (Bloch, 1793) 、中国鲳P. chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788)和珍鲳P. minor Liu et Li, 1998, sp. nov,. 其中银鲳、灰鲳和中国鲳曾多次出现在我国近海地区性鱼类志和地方鱼类志中，本文对它们进物了准确的鉴定和描述，对翎属P. punctatissimus 进行了重新描述，在我国为新记录；论证了珍鲳P. minor为区别于鲳属其它独立有效的一新种。2. 形态学化较研究表明，5种鲳属鱼类在体形、体色、鳍棘、鳍条、牙齿、幽门盲囊、鳃耙、头后部侧线管、 头骨、脊椎骨、耳石等特征方面存在明显的种间差异，可作为鲳属鱼类分类的有效鉴别特征。3.中国沿海的中国鲳P. chinensis (Euphrasen,1788)与印渡洋的瑷鲳 P. ctous (Cuvier et Valenciennes, 1833)形态差异很小，认为P. atous (Cuivier et Valenciennes, 1833) 与P.chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788)可能为同一种，P. atous 应为P. chinesnsis 的同物异名。4.鲳属鱼类的肌浆蛋白酶（Pm）、酯酶（EST）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）具有明显的种的特异性，乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）则无种间差异。青岛、上海、厦门和珠海4个取样地点的银鲳的Pm和EST酶谱完全相同，同样，上述4个取地点的瓴鲳Pmt EST 酶谱也完全相同，从生化学的角度证明我国各海区的银鲳的翎鲳各为同一个种。5.银鲳和翎鲳为广盐广域种，我国黄渤海、东海、台湾海峡和地海均有分布，而且种群数量最大；灰鲳和中国鲳分布于我国东海南部、台湾海峡中部以南和南海，为亚暖水种，种数量次之：珍鲳仅分布于台湾海峡南部的大陆沿岸及南海，为暖水种，其种群数量较小，在当在形成一定的渔汛。6.系统发育关系分析表明，中国鲳属鱼类构成一个单群，此属的共同离征有：1）成鱼无腹鳍；2）背鳍鳍条多于31枚；3）臀鳍鳍条多于30 枚；4）背鳍和臀鳍前部鳍条延长；5）下颌牙齿为三峰型； 6）食道侧囊1个；7）食道侧囊内乳突有放射状脚根；8）脊椎骨数目少、眼眶窝大、后颞窝骨显、耳石厚等近祖特征，但它们仍然具有鳃耙数目多、下颌牙禽少等近祖特征，也是较早期分化种；中国鲳具有个体大、背鳍和臀鲳不具鳍棘、背鳍和臀鳍鳍条数目较多、鳃耙数少且短、翼蝶骨较发达等特征，是毗较特化种； 翎鲳和灰鲳具有鳍第鳍棘和脊椎骨数目较多、鳃耙数较少等区同祖征和具有显著延长的背鳍和臀鳍前部鳍条等共同离征，是一对姐妹种。

传送带排序问题初探

本文对几种不同的m,利用讨论加工时间的公约数和最小公倍数的方法,给出了全部加工完该批工件所用时间最短的传送方法,该方法计算简单、易于实现。

花江峡谷石漠化土地生态重建及其启示

尽管西南岩溶地区石漠化趋势严重，但真正做到生态、经济、社会三效益统一的岩溶石漠化生态重建模式的实践工作却做得很少。且对于这些实践活动还缺乏理论的总结和思考。花江峡谷顶坛片区，充分利用当地的适生植物资源和干热资源优势在石漠化土地上种植花椒、砂仁等喜热耐旱的经济作物，在恢复和治理生态的前提下成功调整了农业内部结构，形成以花椒规模种植为核心心的特色产业，利用雨水、坡面水、岩溶裂隙水，实行参与式社区管理，使环境、经济与社区文化得以可持续发展。“顶坛”模式是充分利用岩溶环境资源优势，高山地保护于特色农业开发之中的一个成功例子。它启示我们，岩溶石漠化土地恢复重建必须重新认识岩溶环境优势。因地制宜，对过去侧重于水土保持的传统治理模式进行创新。

蓬莪术挥发油提取技术的研究及其化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取、素氏提取、水蒸汽蒸馏3种提取技术提取蓬莪术挥发油，并用GC-MS联用仪分析其化学成分，实验结果表明：超临界CO2流体萃取法在挥发油得率、有效抗肿瘤组分、工艺流程、有机溶剂残留、挥发油外观及香气等诸多方面均明显优于索氏提取法和水蒸汽蒸馏法，有较高的工业应用价值。

Relatório de Atividades do Convênio de Cooperação Geral entre a Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite e o Ministério da Defesa (Exército) - 2004.

2005

Behaviour and rationality in corporate governance

Marnet, Oliver, 'Behaviour and rationality in corporate governance', Journal of Economic Issues (2005) 39(3) pp.613-632 RAE2008

Poor Lo! Early Indian missions. A memorial. By Walter N. Wyeth.

http://www.archive.org/details/poorloearlyindia00wyetiala

Isaac McCoy : early Indian missions. Isaac McCoy--Christiana McCoy, a memorial / by Walter N. Wyeth ...

http://www.archive.org/details/isaacmccoycarlyi012072mbp