Análisis microestructural de los afloramientos en las calizas cretácicas del macizo del Garraf (prov. de Barcelona, España)

LA aplicación del modelo de la 'deformación discontinua' propuesto pr F. ARTHAUD y M. MATTAUER al análisis de la tectónica frágil de dos canteras del macizo de Garraf (prov. de Barceona, España), permite diferenciar las microestructuras pertenecientes a dos deformaciones distintas ('compresión' y 'distendión·) y caracterizar las direcciones principales de deformación para cada una de ellas.

Precisiones acerca de la significación petrológica y estructural de las rocas gneísicas y cataclásticas del Maresme (prov. de Barcelona)

Se estudian pequeños afloramientos de rocas metamórficas y cataclásticas ubicadas en el granito herciniano de la Cadena Costera Catalana al NE de Barcelona. Tras una breve íntesis de las diversas ideas emitidas sobre la génesis de estas rocas se realiza un estudio comparativo de las mismas. De él se infiere la presencia de dos grupos de rocas de significación petrogenética y tectónica distinta: 1) Los gneises de Mataró, que resultan del metamorfismo polifísico progresivo herciniano de sedimentos del Paleozoico inferior y 2) las rocas cataclásticas de Caldetes, ligadas a deformaciones internas en el batolito del granito herciniano postectónico, acompañadas de transformaciones hidrotermales en mayor o menor grado.

El Jardín de Falerina, Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Antonio Coello Ochoa y Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Edición, introducción y notas de Felipe B. Pedraza Jiménez y Rafael González Cañal, (Barcelona: Octaedro, 2010)

Parece mentira que una pieza teatral firmada por Calderón de la Barca haya tardado más de tres cientos años en aparecer impresa y que sea ahora,en el 2010, cuando lo haga por primera vez. ¿A qué se debe esta falta de interés por la obra?La respuestanos la ofrecen Felipe B. Pedza Jiménez y Rafael González Cañal en el capítulo que abre el estudio preliminar de su edicion tulado«Razones de una sin razón»

Veinte años de tecnologías y ELE. Reflexiones en torno a la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en la era de Internet

Cuando en 1994 se creo el primer foro de debate en Internet para profesores de español como lengua extranjera, no podíamos imaginar hasta qué punto la comunicación electrónica llegaría a formar parte de nuestras vidas cotidianas, pero ya entonces intuimos que un gran cambio social estaba en marcha y, con la curiosidad que nos caracteriza como docentes, quisimos ver qué podían aportar esas 'nuevas tecnologías' a nuestras clases. Veinte años más tarde, en el presente artículo se analizan estas dos décadas de"tecnologías y ELE" con la intención de contribuir a la comprensión del momento actual. El recorrido se distribuye en cuatro etapas que corresponden a las cuatro grandes aportaciones de la tecnología a la comunicación: los medios textuales para la comunicación electrónica, las denominadas Web 1.0 y Web 2.0, y las redes sociales. Finalmente, la revisión de los trabajos publicados permitirá comprobar que la red se ha instalado en nuestras vidas acompañada de unos códigos discursivos particulares, que la novedad inicial ya no es tal, que los entornos de aprendizaje se abren hoy a las redes sociales y que, aunque las tecnologías cambien sin cesar, muchas de las reflexiones de aquellos docentes pioneros continúan vigentes.

Entrevista dietética. Herramientas útiles para la recogida de datos

La identificación del consumo de alimentos, así como de los hábitos, frecuencias y preferencias alimentarias, de un individuo es imprescindible frente a cualquier intervención de consejo alimentario, tanto en individuos sanos como en personas previamente diagnosticadas de una patología que requiera tratamiento dietético. Este proceso, llamado entre-vista dietética, debe proporcionar la información básica que, junto con la obtenida en la evaluación bioquímica, la exploración física y la antropométrica, permita al dietista-nutricionista diseñar una estrategia o plan de alimentación apropiado (figura 1)...

El poblament tardoantic al sector meridional de la Tarraconensis (sud de Catalunya i nord del País Valencià). Concomitàncies i diferències

Les darreres recerques dutes a terme en el Projecte Ager Tarraconensis (PAT) han permès augmentar considerablement els coneixements existents sobre l’antiguitat tardana al territorium de Tarraco, tema que ja havíem estudiat parcialment en la nostra tesi doctoral (1992), que inclou també altres àrees del Camp de Tarragona no incloses al PAT. D’altra banda, en els darrers anys hem tingut també ocasió d’estudiar parcialment el poblament antic a la zona de les terres de l’Ebre i al nord del País Valencià, molt especialment a les comarques de l’Alt Palància i la Plana de Castelló. El conjunt d’aquests estudis ens permet plantejar una visió general sobre el poblament tardoantic en una zona determinada que correspon a la part costanera meridional de l’antiga provincia Tarraconensis, amb els límits i la denominació que rep a partir de la divisió de Dioclecià. L’estudi comparatiu del poblament tardoantic d’aquestes àrees permet contrastar, a més de punts en comú, també algunes diferències, tant en el diferent grau de pervivència dels hàbitats després de la crisi del segle III com en l’aparició de nous tipus d’hàbitats (poblats en altura) que no apareixen en totes les àrees, sinó només en les més meridionals. S’aborda també la problemàtica de l’existència d’unes poques vil·les luxoses durant el segle IV (especialment la controvertida de Centcelles), en contrast amb altres hàbitats més modestos, així com el pas de la vil·la a un altre tipus de poblament dispers.

Creative Commons lizentziak Estatu espainiarrean

Duela pare bat urte gutxi batzuk ezagutzen zituzten Creative Commons lizentziak, baina gaur egun termino hori sarean libre dauden obra digitaletarako lizentzien estandarrari lotzen ari zaio, GNU (GPL, LGPL) proiektuko lizentziak software librerako estandar bati lotzen zaizkion bezala

Engineering Geology for Society and Territory: volume 2: landslide processes

This book is one out of 8 IAEG XII Congress volumes, and deals with Landslide processes, including: field data and monitoring techniques, prediction and forecasting of landslide occurrence, regional landslide inventories and dating studies, modeling of slope instabilities and secondary hazards (e.g. impulse waves and landslide-induced tsunamis, landslide dam failures and breaching), hazard and risk assessment, earthquake and rainfall induced landslides, instabilities of volcanic edifices, remedial works and mitigation measures, development of innovative stabilization techniques and applicability to specific engineering geological conditions, use of geophysical techniques for landslide characterization and investigation of triggering mechanisms. Focuses is given to innovative techniques, well documented case studies in different environments, critical components of engineering geological and geotechnical investigations, hydrological and hydrogeological investigations, remote sensing and geophysical techniques, modeling of triggering, collapse, runout and landslide reactivation, geotechnical design and construction procedures in landslide zones, interaction of landslides with structures and infrastructures and possibility of domino effects. The Engineering Geology for Society and Territory volumes of the IAEG XII Congress held in Torino from September 15-19, 2014, analyze the dynamic role of engineering geology in our changing world and build on the four main themes of the congress: environment, processes, issues, and approaches.

Les oracions comparatives prototípiques en català : Estudi general i relació amb altres llengües romàniques

Descripció de les oracions comparatives prototípiques en llengua catalana i anàlisi de les normes de funcionament d'aquest tipus d'oracions a nivell sintàctic, semàntic i pragmàtic. El treball es complementa amb un estudi comparatiu d'una seixantena de casos en les quatre llengües romàniques més properes al català: castellà, francès, portuguès i italià.

CD4 expression decrease by antisense oligonucleotides. Inhibition of rat T CD4+ cell reactivity

In previous studies, we have demonstrated the inhibition of CD4 expression in rat lymphocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) by antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) directed against the AUG start region of the cd4 gene. The aim of the present study was to inhibit CD4 expression in lymphocytes without promoting CD4 synthesis and to determine the effect of this inhibition on CD4+ T cell function. Four 21-mer ODNs against the rat cd4 gene (AS-CD4-1 to AS-CD4-4) were used. Surface CD4 expression was measured by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, and mRNA CD4 expression was measured by RT-PCR. T CD4+ cell function was determined by specific and unspecific proliferative response of rat-primed lymphocytes. After 24 hours of incubation, AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4 reduced lymphocyte surface CD4 expression by 40%. This effect remained for 72 hours and was not observed on other surface molecules, such as CD3, CD5, or CD8. CD4 mRNA expression was reduced up to 40% at 24 hours with AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4. After 48 hours treatment, CD4 mRNA decreased up to 27% and 29% for AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4, respectively. AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4 inhibited T CD4+ cell proliferative response upon antigen-specific and unspecific stimuli. Therefore, AS-ODNs against CD4 molecules inhibited surface and mRNA CD4 expression, under physiologic turnover and, consequently, modulate T CD4+ cell reactivity.

Contribución al conocimiento de la geología del depósito de Au-Cu de La Pava (Península de Azuero, Panamá)

The «La Pava» Au-Cu deposit is hosted by a vulcanosedimentary sequence, named Ocú Formation,developed in an island arc environment that resulted from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate during the Cretaceous times. The deposit consists of disseminations and stockworks of pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanied by barite, quartz and carbonates. Three hydrothermal alteration zones have been recognized: silicic, argillic and propilityc, typical of gold-related high sulfidation systems. A supergenic alteration overprints the hydrothermal alterations developing a cap rich in silica and Feoxides. The detailed study of the Ocú Fm. indicates that the sulfides and the accompanying gold was formed in a submarine environment. Therefore we suggest that «La Pava» represents an Au-Cu hybrid deposit between high sulphidation epithermal and VMS types, which are found in volcanogenic massive sulphide environments.

CD4 expression decrease by antisense oligonucleotides. Inhibition of rat T CD4+ cell reactivity

In previous studies, we have demonstrated the inhibition of CD4 expression in rat lymphocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) by antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) directed against the AUG start region of the cd4 gene. The aim of the present study was to inhibit CD4 expression in lymphocytes without promoting CD4 synthesis and to determine the effect of this inhibition on CD4+ T cell function. Four 21-mer ODNs against the rat cd4 gene (AS-CD4-1 to AS-CD4-4) were used. Surface CD4 expression was measured by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, and mRNA CD4 expression was measured by RT-PCR. T CD4+ cell function was determined by specific and unspecific proliferative response of rat-primed lymphocytes. After 24 hours of incubation, AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4 reduced lymphocyte surface CD4 expression by 40%. This effect remained for 72 hours and was not observed on other surface molecules, such as CD3, CD5, or CD8. CD4 mRNA expression was reduced up to 40% at 24 hours with AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4. After 48 hours treatment, CD4 mRNA decreased up to 27% and 29% for AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4, respectively. AS-CD4-2 and AS-CD4-4 inhibited T CD4+ cell proliferative response upon antigen-specific and unspecific stimuli. Therefore, AS-ODNs against CD4 molecules inhibited surface and mRNA CD4 expression, under physiologic turnover and, consequently, modulate T CD4+ cell reactivity.

Mechanisms involved in down-regulation of intestinal IgA in rats by high cocoa intake

Previous studies have shown that rat intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration and lymphocyte composition of the intestinal immune system were influenced by a highly enriched cocoa diet. The aim of this study was to dissect the mechanisms by which a long-term high cocoa intake was capable of modifying gut secretory IgA in Wistar rats. After 7 weeks of nutritional intervention, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the small intestine were excised for gene expression assessment of IgA, transforming growth factor ß, C-C chemokine receptor-9 (CCR9), interleukin (IL)-6, CD40, retinoic acid receptors (RAR¿ and RARß), C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)-25 and CCL28 chemokines, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and toll-like receptors (TLR) expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. As in previous studies, secretory IgA concentration decreased in intestinal wash and fecal samples after cocoa intake. Results from the gene expression showed that cocoa intake reduced IgA and IL¿6 in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas in small intestine, cocoa decreased IgA, CCR9, CCL28, RAR¿ and RARß. Moreover, cocoa-fed animals presented an altered TLR expression pattern in the three compartments studied. In conclusion, a high-cocoa diet down-regulated cytokines such as IL-6, which is required for the activation of B cells to become IgA-secreting cells, chemokines and chemokine receptors, such as CCL28 and CCR9 together with RAR¿ and RARß, which are involved in the gut homing of IgA-secreting cells. Moreover, cocoa modified the cross-talk between microbiota and intestinal cells as was detected by an altered TLR pattern. These overall effects in the intestine may explain the intestinal IgA down-regulatory effect after the consumption of a long-term cocoa-enriched diet.

An active zone characterized by slow normal faults, the northwestern margin of the València trough (NE Iberia): a review

The northwestern margin of the Valencia trough is an area of low strain characterized by slow normal faults and low to moderate seismicity. Since the mid 1990s this area has been the subject of a number of studies on active tectonic which have proposed different approaches to the location of active faults and to the calculation of the parameters that describe their seismic cycle. Fifty-six active faults have been found and a classification has been made in accordance with their characteristics: a) faults with clear evidence of large paleo-, historic or instrumental earthquakes (2/56); b) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and with associated instrumental seismicity (7/56); c) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and without associated instrumental seismicity (17/56); d) faults with associated instrumental seismicity and without evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary (30/56), and e) faults without evidence of activity or inactive faults. The parameters that describe the seismic cycle of these faults have been evaluated by different methods that use the geological data obtained for each fault except when paleoseismological studies were available. This classification can be applied to other areas with low slip faults because of the simplicity of the approaches adopted. This study reviews the different approaches proposed and describes the active faults located, highlighting the need a) to better understand active faults in slow strain zones through paleoseismological studies, and b) to include them in seismic hazard studies.

The Tibidabo Treebank

En este artículo presentamos el desarrollo de un nuevo recurso de código abierto para el español: el treebank Tibidabo. La anotación se está llevando a cabo de forma semiautomática en la que, en primer lugar, el corpus es analizado automaticamente con una gramática simbólica del español basada en HPSG e implementada en el sistema Linguistic Knowledge Builder, y, en segundo lugar, los resultados del proceso de análisis se desambiguan manualmente. La existencia del treebank Tibidabo nos permitirá futuros trabajos de investigación para el desarrollo y evaluación de una arquitectura híbrida que combine métodos simbólicos y estadísticos para el PLN, así como investigaciones orientadas a la hibridización de técnicas de bajo y alto nivel para el PLN.