Fiction and reality in "The Kindly Ones" of Jonathan Littell

This paper studies the novel The Kindly Ones, whose main plot charts the anguished memories of a Nazi officer. The reader of this novel is plunged into the harshest atrocities of the Holocaust and WWII, as these are recounted by a perverse conscience who is unmoved by the most terrible actions. Fiction and reality are contrasted in the novel against the framework of history writing and the subsequent debates sparked by historical elaboration. This novel perceptively captures historical truth, thus calling for critical attention upon the collective responsibility which will prevent the repetition of events.

Histopathology findings in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758) with chronic weight loss associated with bile tract obstruction by infestation with Platynosomum (Loos, 1907)

Chronic weight loss in marmosets is often associated with wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS), an important disease that occurs in callitrichid colonies around the world. Even though its etiology is very difficult to determine, particular variables, such as weight loss, diarrhea and alopecia, associated or not with infestation in the pancreatic ducts with Trichospirura leptossoma (Nematoda: Thelazioidea), seem to be linked with the syndrome. This study investigated the histopathology of the lungs, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreatic ducts of six common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) suffering from severe non-diarrheic weight loss. Three individuals died naturally and the other three were euthanized. Microscopic findings showed the presence of adult flukes (Platynosomum) in the liver. These flukes, which provoke common infection in cats, were also observed inside the gallbladder as well as in the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts in common marmosets. Portal fibrosis was observed in two animals, which developed chronic fibrosing hepatopathy (biliary pattern, grade 3). The disease progresses without diarrhea and without pancreatic lesions or infestation. With the rogression, the animals presented with ascending cholangitis, cholestasis and portal fibrosis, sometimes culminating in secondary biliary cirrhosis. Therefore, this nfirmity, associated with chronic weight loss in common marmosets, could be another tiological factor linked with WMS

Evaluación del estado poblaciónal del Cangrejo violáceo Platyxanthus orbignyi (Milne Edwards y Lucas, 1843) del área de Lambayeque por medio de un modelo dinámico de Biomasa

Se hace un análisis del estado poblacional del cangrejo violáceo Platyxanthus orbignyi (Milne Edwards y Lucas, 1843) del litoral de Lambayeque – Perú para el periodo 2001-2010 por medio de: 1) El modelo dinámico de biomasa de Schaefer en su versión de error de observación; a este modelo se le introdujo la variable ambiental anomalía de la temperatura superficial del mar (ATSM) del área de San José (Lambayeque) y se obtuvo 2) el modelo dinámico con variable ambiental, ambos basados en datos de captura, esfuerzo y CPUE. Se utilizó el método de máxima verosimilitud en el proceso de ajuste y el bootstrap para determinar los intervalos de confianza de los parámetros. Los parámetros poblacionales y pesqueros estimados por el modelo dinámico de biomasa de Schaefer (MDB) fueron: K: 750 000 kg, r : 0,21 y q: 8,36 x 10-6 y por el modelo dinámico con variable ambiental (MDVA) los parámetros fueron K: 765 000 kg, r: 0,23 y q: 8,02 x 10-6. Con los valores de los parámetros estimados mediante el MDB y el MDVA se calcularon los principales puntos biológicos de referencia (PBR) los cuales fueron: MRS: 39 822 kg, BMRS: 375 000 kg, fMRS: 12 561 nasas, FMRS: 0,11, F0.1: 0,10 para el MDB; y MRS: 44 069 kg, BMRS: 382 500 kg, fMRS: 13 782 nasas, FMRS: 0,12, F0.1: 0,10 para el MDVA. Los resultados indican que el estado actual de la pesquería del cangrejo violáceo del Litoral de Lambayeque se encuentra muy cerca al nivel óptimo. En vista de que no se dispone de información de evaluaciones directas de este recurso que confirme o no los resultados del MDB y MDVA y en virtud de la calidad de datos, se sugiere que el manejo de la pesquería sea del tipo adaptativo alrededor del punto de referencia F0.1 y teniendo en cuenta las condiciones ambientales.

Muscular anatomy of the pectoral and forelimb of caiman crocodilus crocodilus (linnaeus, 1758) (crocodylia: alligatoridae)

v. 17, n. 2, p. 285-295, abr./jun. 2016.

Analysis of cohesion calls in "Orcinus orca" (Linnaeus, 1758)

[EN]The killer whales emit emit vocal signals to maintain group cohesion. It is assumed discrete calls are used as cohesion calls, nevertheless has not been tested if any of them could be used for other reason. Combining different stereotyped discretes calls into specific sequences increases the probability to happen a call with response. The acoustic activity of five orcas (Orcinus orca) was monitored during five different nights and distributed in three pools, leaving one orca in pool A and the rest of the group between pools B and C. Out of 4311 classified vocalizations were obtained 632 call-response sequences between different pools.

Histopathology findings in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758) with chronic weight loss associated with bile tract obstruction by infestation with Platynosomum (Loos, 1907)

Chronic weight loss in marmosets is often associated with wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS), an important disease that occurs in callitrichid colonies around the world. Even though its etiology is very difficult to determine, particular variables, such as weight loss, diarrhea and alopecia, associated or not with infestation in the pancreatic ducts with Trichospirura leptossoma (Nematoda: Thelazioidea), seem to be linked with the syndrome. This study investigated the histopathology of the lungs, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreatic ducts of six common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) suffering from severe non-diarrheic weight loss. Three individuals died naturally and the other three were euthanized. Microscopic findings showed the presence of adult flukes (Platynosomum) in the liver. These flukes, which provoke common infection in cats, were also observed inside the gallbladder as well as in the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts in common marmosets. Portal fibrosis was observed in two animals, which developed chronic fibrosing hepatopathy (biliary pattern, grade 3). The disease progresses without diarrhea and without pancreatic lesions or infestation. With the rogression, the animals presented with ascending cholangitis, cholestasis and portal fibrosis, sometimes culminating in secondary biliary cirrhosis. Therefore, this nfirmity, associated with chronic weight loss in common marmosets, could be another tiological factor linked with WMS

The prose works of Jonathan Swift /

First published in 1897.

Metodologia di editing immagini per analisi dati morfometrici dei primi stadi di sviluppo di Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Tra le più importanti risorse alieutiche di molte regioni del Mar Mediterraneo vi sonole acciughe (Engraulisencrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758), piccoli pesci pelagici appartenenti alle famiglie degli Engraulidae. Dati IREPA del 2009, hanno di fatto reso noto che in Italia, la pesca di E. encrasicolusha rappresentano in media il 26% circa del pescato totale. Questa specie viene continuamente monitorata e grazie a tali programmi è stato evidenziato che vi sono delle fluttuazioni inter-annuali molto pronunciate (Cergoleet al., 2002; Cingolani, 2004), le cui cause possono essere molteplici, da fattori antropicicome l’elevato sforzo di pesca a fattori naturali (Borjia et al., 1996). Va però posta molta attenzione sulle dinamiche biologiche ed ambientali che influiscono sulla sopravvivenza dei primi stadi di vita di questa specie, che ricadendo sul successivo reclutamento, possono essere una delle cause fondamentali delle contrazioni e degli incrementi annuali dello stock adulto (Thikonova et al., 2000; James et al., 2003; Cuttitta et al., 2003, 2006).Lo studio delle fasi ittioplanctoniche e delle sue relazioni con l’ambiente e gli altri organismi, risulta quindi di primaria importanza nell’ambito delle conoscenze necessarie per il corretto sfruttamento delle risorse alieutiche.

Processing traits of European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758) from outdoor flow-through and indoor recycling aquaculture units

The quality of fish cultured using recycling units may differ from that of fish from outdoor farming units due to a range of deviating environmental determinants. This applies not only to flesh quality but also to morphological (processing) traits. This study evaluates processing yields of sibling fish cultured in two different farming units: (i) an outdoor pond aquaculture system with a flow-through regime (24.6 ± 0.2°C), and (ii) indoor tanks using a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS; 26.0 ± 1.0°C). Clear differences were observed in the most important processing traits, i.e. skinned trunk and fillet yields, which were both significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RAS fish due to significantly smaller (P < 0.05) head weight in fish of the flow-through system. Skin represented a significantly higher (P < 0.01) proportion of total weight in both RAS males and females. The most obvious difference was in the deposited fat weight, which was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RAS fish. Visceral fat deposits were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in females and ventral and dorsal fat deposits higher (P > 0.05) in males.

Fertilization strategies for Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of pre-incubation and duration of egg receptivity in seawater

Studying gamete biology can provide important information about a species fertilization strategy as well as their reproductive ecology. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge about how long sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax eggs can remain viable after being activated in seawater. The objectives of this study were to understand the effects of pre-incubation of fresh and overripe sea bass eggs in seawater and to determine the duration of egg receptivity. Pooled eggs (fresh and overripe) from four females were pre-incubated in seawater for 0 min (control), 0.5 min, 1 min, 3 min, 10 min and 30 min and then fertilized by pooled sperm from four males. The fresh eggs had a higher fertilization success than overripe eggs. Our results revealed a significant effect of pre-incubation time for both the fresh (P < 0.01) and overripe eggs (P < 0.01). Fertilization success of eggs significantly declined for both these treatments after 3 min of pre-incubation, which clearly indicates that sea bass eggs are able to be fertilized by sperm for up to 3 min after release into seawater. This study has particular importance for understanding fertilization strategies, reproductive potential, as well as reproductive ecology of sea bass.

Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758): technical report about extraction and recognition of the digestive tract contents in early stages of the life cycle

The study of ichthyio-plankton stages and its relations with the environment and other organisms is therefore crucial for a correct use of fishery resources. In this context, the extraction and the analysis of the content of the digestive tract, is a key method for the identification of the diet in early larval stages, the determination of the resources they rely on and possibly a comparison with the diet of other species. Additionally this approach could be useful in determination on occurrence of species competition. This technique is preceded by the analysis of morphometric data (Blackith & Reyment, 1971; Marcus, 1990), that is the acquisition of quantitative variables measured from the morphology of the object of study. They are linear distances, count, angles and ratios. The subsequent application of multivariate statistical methods, aims to quantify the changes in morphological measures between and within groups, relating them to the type and size of prey and evaluate if some changes appear in food choices along the larvae growth.

Robert Edward’s Commonplace Book: the context and function of a seventeenth-century Scottish music manuscript (GB-En MS.9450), with an edition of the musical content

This study concerns the manuscript music book of Robert Edward (c. 1614–c. 1697), minister, author and musician. The manuscript, formerly part of the library at Panmure House, is now held in the National Library of Scotland and is commonly referred to as ‘Robert Edward’s Commonplace Book’ (GB-En MS.9450). The present study is in two parts and begins with an exploration of the physical book, including the structure, compilation, hands and ownership before a second chapter explores the biography of the eponymous owner, contextualising GB-En MS.9450 locally and nationally. The third chapter concerns the function of the manuscript which, it is argued, is closely related to pedagogy. The final three chapters discuss the content of the manuscript, taking in turn the vocal music, instrumental music and the selection of Italian three-part villanelle. The implications for dating and use arising from the first part of this

Negotiating a masculine bloc: Jonathan Franzen's The corrections

Contemporary research on masculinities has focused on demonstrating how these are multiple, hierarchical, collective as well as individual, complex and contingent. In this article, I read Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections in the light of such recent theorizations. I propose to focus on the negotiation of what Demetriou has termed a masculine bloc, which is a space in which hegemonic and non-hegemonic masculinities coexist and, therefore, a strict duality between both categories is transcended. Next, I suggest focusing on the construction of masculinities as subject positions that are interwoven with different geographical levels. It is my contention that St. Jude, the fictional city for the Lamberts’ home in the Midwest, conforms the symbolic arena in which hegemonic masculinity is staged.

Survey of parasitic infection of Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) and Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Aras reservoir with emphasizes of monogenean parasites

The parasites fauna of 491 specimens of Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758 (246 specimens) and catfish, Silurus glanis, Linnaeus 1758 (245 specimens) in different size from Aras Reservoir situated in North —west of the Iran was investigated. During 2006-2007 Totally 16 parasite species were recorded. The most various parasites was found in catfish (10 species) while the lowest number was recorded in Sander lucioperca (6 species). Among them, however three genera of protozoa (Trichodina, Vorticella, Ichthyophthirius), two genera of Monogenea (Gyrodactylus, Silurodiscoides), Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Annelida one species each (Diplostomum, Protocephalus, Eustrongylides, Neoechinorhynchus, Pisicola) and two crustacean genera (Argulus and Lernea) recorded and we can come to conclusion in comparison with the earlier data the actual parasite fauna of two hosts has been greatly improved. According to the present study the prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of parasites species of both hosts were highly influenced by seasons of the year. Some species found, however show a tendency to be more abundant ides Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Silurodiscoides vistolensis, Protocephalus osculatus respectively. Most parasites species live in gills and skin, where is highly sensitive to some pathogens parasites species (Trichodina, Vorticella, Ichthyophthirius, Pisicola geometra, Argulus foliaceus; Lernea) and While some are specialist (Silurodiscoides vistolensis and Silurodiscoides siluri) other more or less generalist (ichthyophthirius).