A polarized, twisted, ethylene: structure of methyl 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinylidene)-3-oxobutyrate dihydrate, C10H16N2O3.2H2O

Mr = 248, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 12.028 (2), b=7.168(2), c= 15.187(5)A, fl=91.88(2) °, Z= 4, V= 1308.6,~3, Din= 1.26, Dx= 1.263 Mgm -3, 2 (Cu Ka) = 1.5418 .A, g = 0.86 mm -1, F(000) = 536, T= 293 K. Final R = 5.6% for 2120 observed reflexions. Owing to the push-pull effect, the C=C bond distance is as long as 1.464 (2)/k with the twist angle about the bond 62.6.

Paraxial-wave optics and relativistic front description .1. The scalar theory

With the extension of the work of the preceding paper, the relativistic front form for Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism is developed and shown to be particularly suited to the description of paraxial waves. The generators of the Poincaré group in a form applicable directly to the electric and magnetic field vectors are derived. It is shown that the effect of a thin lens on a paraxial electromagnetic wave is given by a six-dimensional transformation matrix, constructed out of certain special generators of the Poincaré group. The method of construction guarantees that the free propagation of such waves as well as their transmission through ideal optical systems can be described in terms of the metaplectic group, exactly as found for scalar waves by Bacry and Cadilhac. An alternative formulation in terms of a vector potential is also constructed. It is chosen in a gauge suggested by the front form and by the requirement that the lens transformation matrix act locally in space. Pencils of light with accompanying polarization are defined for statistical states in terms of the two-point correlation function of the vector potential. Their propagation and transmission through lenses are briefly considered in the paraxial limit. This paper extends Fourier optics and completes it by formulating it for the Maxwell field. We stress that the derivations depend explicitly on the "henochromatic" idealization as well as the identification of the ideal lens with a quadratic phase shift and are heuristic to this extent.

A 1h And 13c Magnetic Resonance And Infrared Spectroscopic Study Of Coordinated 2-Aminocyclopentene-1-Dithiocarboxylic Acid And Its S-Methyl Ester

The ligating properties of 2-aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid and its S-methyl esters were investigated. Complexes with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) halides were synthesized and characterized by infrared and proton and carbon-13 NMR studies. The results are concordant with a bidentate coordination of the -CS2 group to the metal ions

Lanthanide perchlorate complexes of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and 5-nitroisoquinoline-2-oxide

Novel complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQNO) and 5-nitroisoquinoline-2-oxide (NIQNO) have been prepared and characterized. The complexes have the general formulaeLn(NQNO)8(ClO4)3 (whereLn=La-Nd), Ln(NQNO)7(ClO4)3 (whereLn=Gd-Yb),Ln(NIQNO)9(ClO4)3 (whereLn=La-Nd), andLn(NIQNO)7(ClO4)3 (whereLn=Gd-Yb). The IR, proton NMR spectral data indicate the coordination of the N—O group of the ligands to he lanthanide ions.

A H-1-NMR STUDY OF BILIRUBIN IX-ALPHA SOLUBILIZATION BY CHOLATE MICELLES - APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR OVERHAUSER EFFECTS

The solubilization of bilirubin IX-Alpha in aqueous solution by sodium cholate micelles has been examined by 270 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Incorporation of bilirubin into the micelles is accompanied by specific shifts of bilirubin vinyl and bridgehead protons and the C18 and C19 methyl groups of the steroid. The observed chemical shifts show a monotonic concentration dependence suggesting that changes in aggregation size are continuous. Nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) have been shown to be a useful probe or micellization. A 4:1 cholate/bilirubin mixture has been investigated by difference NOE spectroscopy. The observation of intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects between peripheral protons of bilirubin and cholate are diagnostic of spatially proximate groups. Inter-cholate nuclear Overhauser effects increase in magnitude upon bilirubin incorporation suggesting closer packing of steroid molecules on solubilization of the pigment. Intramolecular nuclear Overhauser effects observed for solubilized bilirubin are consistent with a compact intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformation resembling that determined for bilirubin in the solid state.

Geometry Of Proline And Hydroxyproline .1. An Analysis Of X-Ray Crystal-Structure Data

We have carried out an analysis of crystal structure data on prolyl and hydroxyprolyl moieties in small molecules. The flexibility of the pyrrolidine ring due to the pyramidal character of nitrogen has been defined in terms of two projection angles δ1 and δ2. The distribution of these parameters in the crystal structures is found to be consistent with results of the energy calculations carried out on prolyl moieties in our laboratory.

Literaturnaja skazka A.M. Remizova (1900-1920-e gody)

Literary tale of A.M. Remizov (1900’s – 1920’s) The thesis is devoted to a detailed historical-literary description of a tale as a genre tradition in the creative work of Alexei Mikhailovich Remizov (1877-1957), one of the major Russian prose writers of the 20’s century. This very approach allows to specify the place and functional meaning of this genre in literary practice of the writer and to appeal to one of the key problems of the 20-21 century literature history – a specific of modernistic literature composition principle and a role of montage techniques in its formation. Remizov was working on tales during his whole life, though the most productive years of folklore studies fell to 1900’s – 1910’s. During this period he intensively studied folklore materials, narrated several hundreds of folk tales and in 1900’s – 1920’s published eight tale collections which played a significant role in the formation of stylistic and compositional principles of his prose of the 1910’s – 1920’s, especially montage techniques, which in its turn influenced the development of the narrative forms in the Russian post-revolutionary literature. At the same time a tale has specified not only poetics but also problematics of Remizov’s creative work, as when choosing folklore sources the writer always alluded to modern themes and relevant intellectual trends. The current research work, based on various archive materials and a wide spectrum of modern historical-literary data, complies four chapters with a consistent description of creation history, publication and critics’ reviews of Remizov’s tale collections and single tales contributing to his creative evolution characteristic. Furthermore, the work refers to composition and subject of the particular collections. On the whole it enables to follow up genre dynamics. The first chapter of the work is devoted to Posolon’ (Sunwise), the earliest tale collection of Remizov. The main feature of the collection is that its composition is oriented on the agrarian calendar and the subject – on the system of mythological views reflected in the Russian folklore. This very collection to a large extent corresponds to the writer’s views on the myth represented in Pis’mo v redaktsiyu (Letter to the Editor). The history of this manifesto appearing is analyzed in the second chapter. The incident which caused its forthcoming contributed to ‘legitimization’ of Remizov’s narrations as a relevant genre of modern literature and to upgrading the writer in professional hierarchy. The third chapter analyzes Remizov’s collections of 1900’s – early 1920’s, a result of Remizov’s scrupulous work with a specific tale material. He is acting here as a tale repertory researcher and in some cases as a collector as well. The means of such collections’ topical organization is not the myth but the hero of the tale. According to this principle single pieces are grouped into cycles, which then form complicated montage constructs. Texts themselves can be viewed as a sort of hyper-quotations, as they in fact entirely coincide with their original sources. Besides, collections usually have their own ideal patterns. In the fourth chapter a connection of Remizov’s creative work with folk fun culture and a tradition of the folklore noel story is being demonstrated on Zavetnyie skazy (Secret Tales) material. A consistent collections’ history creation analysis convinces us that the tale was a sort of laboratory in which main writer’s prose methods were being worked out.

Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in children receiving nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir, or ritonavir (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377)

In Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377, antiretroviral therapy-experienced children were randomized to 4 treatment arms that included different combinations of stavudine, lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine (Nvp), nelfinavir (Nfv), and ritonavir (Rtv). Previous treatment with zidovudine (Zdv), didanosine (ddI), or zalcitabine (ddC) was acceptable. Drug resistance ((R)) mutations were assessed before study treatment (baseline) and at virologic failure. Zdv(R), ddI(R), and ddC(R) mutations were detected frequently at baseline but were not associated with virologic failure. Children with drug resistance mutations at baseline had greater reductions in virus load over time than did children who did not. Nvp(R) and 3TC(R) mutations were detected frequently at virologic failure, and Nvp(R) mutations were more common among children receiving 3-drug versus 4-drug Nvp-containing regimens. Children who were maintained on their study regimen after virologic failure accumulated additional Nvp(R) and 3TC(R) mutations plus Rtv(R) and Nfv(R) mutations. However, Rtv(R) and Nfv(R) mutations were detected at unexpectedly low rates.

Dynamics of plant populations in Heteropogon contortus(black speargrass) pastures on a granite landscape in southern Queensland. 1. Dynamics of H. contortus populations

The dynamics of Heteropogon contortus (black speargrass) populations were measured in a subset of treatments contained within an extensive grazing study conducted between 1990 and 1996 in H. contortus pasture in southern Queensland. This subset included 2 landscape positions and 3 stocking rates in both native pasture and legume-oversown native pasture. Severe drought conditions throughout much of the study necessitated ongoing adjustments to the original stocking rates and, as a result, drought was the major influence on the dynamics of H. contortus populations. Plant density and basal area in the silver-leaved ironbark landscape were consistently higher than those in the narrow-leaved ironbark landscape. There was limited evidence of any impact by either light or moderate stocking rate but there was evidence of an impact at the heaviest stocking rate. There was minimal impact of legume oversowing. Relatively large fluctuations in plant density occurred during this study resulting from the death of existing plants, due mainly to drought, and seedling recruitment. Similarly, there were relatively large fluctuations in basal area caused mainly by changes in plant size. Rates for turnover of plant numbers were relatively high whereas plant turnover rates of basal areas were relatively low. Regular seedling recruitment appeared necessary to ensure the persistence of this species. Despite the high turnover, populations were maintained at reasonable levels indicating the overall resilience of H. contortus.

1-Methylcyclopropene Delays Softening in Tomato Slices

I-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has the potential in tomato to reduce ethylene-associated changes in texture. Tomato cv. 'Revolution' was harvested at the 'pink' maturity stage and whole fruit treated with 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 µL.L-' 1-MCP at 20 "C for 12 h. Slices of 7-mm thickness were cut using a commercial slicer, and the slices stored in vertical stacks in plastic containers at 5°C for 7 days. The application of 1-MCP reduced both ethylene production and respiration rate of slices and resulted in firmer pericarp firmness. Ethylene production was 24%, 40%, and 62% lower following 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 µL L-' 1-MCP, respectively, compared with controls. In addition, respiration rate was reduced 6%, 10% and 20% by those 1-MCP treatments. 1-MCP treatments produced 20%, 34%, and 24% higher pericarp firmness, respectively, than in fruit not treated with 1-MCP.

Push-pull ethylenes: the structures of 3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-2,4-pentanedione (I), C8H12N2O2, and 3-(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinylidene)-2,4-pentanedione trihydrate (II), C10H16N2O2.3H2O

(I): Mr= 168, triclinic, P1, Z=2, a= 5.596 (2), b = 6.938 (3), c = 10.852 (4) A, ~t= 75.64 (3), fl= 93.44 (3), ),= 95.47 (3) °, V= 406.0A 3, Din= 1.35 (by flotation using carbon tetrachloride and n-hexane), D x= 1.374 Mg m -3, g(Mo Kct, 2 = 0.7107 A) = 1.08 cm -l, _F(000) = 180, T= 293 K. (II): Mr= 250, triclinic, P1, Z= 2, a = 7.731(2), b=8.580(2), c=11.033(3)A, a= 97-66 (2), fl= 98.86 (2), y= 101.78 (2) °, V= 697.5 A 3, D m = 1.18 (by flotation using KI solution), Dx= 1.190Mgm -3, g(MoKa, 2=0.7107A)= 1.02 cm -1, F(000) = 272, T= 293 K. Both structures were solved by direct methods and refined to R = 4.4% for 901 reflexions for (I) and 5.7% for 2001 reflexions for (II). The C=C bond distances are 1.451 (3) A in (I) and 1.468 (3)A in (II), quite significantly longer than the C=C bond in ethylene [1.336 (2).~; Bartell, Roth, Hollowell, Kuchitsu & Young (1965). J. Chem. Phys. 42, 2683-2686]. The twist angle about the C=C bond in (II) is 72.9 (5) ° but molecule (I) is essentially planar, the twist angle being only 4.9 (5) ° .

Synthesis and Reactions of Binuclear Diolefin Rhodium(I) Compounds bridged by Nitrogen Heterocycles, Crystal Structure of Dichloro-Di-1,5-Cyclooctadiene(Mu-Pyrazine)-Dirhodium(I) [[Rh(1,5-C8h12)Cl]2(Mu-C4h4n2)]

Binuclear complexes of rhodium(I) of the type [(dien)(X)Rh(μ-N-N)Rh(X)(dien)] (dien = 1,5-cyclooctadiene or norbornadiene; N-N = pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine or Phenazine and X = Cl or Br) with bridging heterocycles have been isolated and their reactions with carbon monoxide, 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline investigated. The crystal structure of [(COD)(Cl)Rh(μ-pyrazine)Rh(Cl)(COD)] has been determined.

Paracrine action of sFLT-1 secreted by stably-transfected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and therapy using sFLT-1 inhibits ascites tumor growth in vivo

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play a major role in angiogenesis. A soluble form of Flt-1, a VEGF receptor, is potentially useful as an antagonist of VEGF, and accumulating evidence suggests the applicability of sFlt-1 in tumor suppression. In the present study, we have developed and tested strategies targeted specifically to VEGF for the treatment of ascites formation.Methods As an initial strategy, we produced recombinant sFLT-1 in the baculovirus expression system and used it as a trap to sequester VEGF in the murine ascites carcinoma model. The effect of the treatment on the weight of the animal, cell number, ascites volume and proliferating endothelial cells was studied. The second strategy involved, producing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells stably transfected with vectors carrying cDNA encoding truncated form of Flt-1 and using these cells to inhibit ascites tumors in a nude mouse model. Results The sFLT-1 produced by the baculovirus system showed potent antiangiogenic activity as assessed by rat cornea and tube formation assay. sFLT-1 treatment resulted in reduced peritoneal angiogenesis with a concomitant decrease in tumor cell number, volume of ascites, amount of free VEGF and the number of invasive tumor cells as assayed by CD31 staining. EAT cells stably transfected with truncated form of Flt-1 also effectively reduced the tumor burden in nude mice transplanted with these cells, and demonstrated a reduction in ascites formation and peritoneal angiogenesis. Conclusions The inhibition of peritoneal angiogenesis and tumor growth by sequestering VEGF with either sFlt-1 gene expression by recombinant EAT cells or by direct sFLT-1 protein therapy is shown to comprise a potential therapy. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.