GIS assessing traditional and modern agricultural land use/land cover change. A case study 1959-2005: Rekijoki, Somero, SW-Finland

Finland���s rural landscape has gone through remarkable changes from the 1950���s, due to agricultural developments. Changed farming practices have influenced especially traditional landscape management, and modifications in the arable land structure and grasslands transitions are notable. The review of the previous studies reveal the importance of the rural landscape composition and structure to species and landscape diversity, whereas including the relevance in presence of the open ditches, size of the field and meadow patches, topology of the natural and agricultural landscape. This land-change study includes applying remote sensed data from two time series and empirical geospatial analysis in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The aims of this retrospective research is to detect agricultural landscape use and land cover change (LULCC) dynamics and discuss the consequences of agricultural intensification to landscape structure covering from the aspects of landscape ecology. Measurements of LULC are derived directly from pre-processed aerial images by a variety of analytical procedures, including statistical methods and image interpretation. The methodological challenges are confronted in the process of landscape classification and combining change detection approaches with landscape indices. Particular importance is paid on detecting agricultural landscape features at a small scale, demanding comprehensive understanding of such agroecosystems. Topological properties of the classified arable land and valley are determined in order to provide insight and emphasize the aspect the field edges in the agricultural landscape as important habitat. Change detection dynamics are presented with change matrix and additional calculations of gain, loss, swap, net change, change rate and tendencies are made. Transition���s possibility is computed following Markov���s probability model and presented with matrix, as well. Thesis���s spatial aspect is revealed with illustrative maps providing knowledge of location of the classified landscape categories and location of the dynamics of the changes occurred. It was assured that in Rekijoki valley���s landscape, remarkable changes in landscape has occurred. Landscape diversity has been strongly influenced by modern agricultural landscape change, as NP of open ditches has decreased and the MPS of the arable plot has decreased. Overall change in the diversity of the landscape is determined with the decrease of SHDI. Valley landscape considered as traditional land use area has experienced major transitional changes, as meadows class has lost almost one third of the area due to afforestation. Also, remarkable transitions have occurred from forest to meadow and arable land to built area. Boundaries measurement between modern and traditional landscape has indicated noticeable proportional increase in arable land-forest edge type and decrease in arable land-meadow edge type. Probability calculations predict higher future changes for traditional landscape, but also for arable land turning into built area.

Tilaa mielekk����lle ty��lle

Kirsi LaPointen v��it��skirja Moral struggles, subtle shifts : narrative practices of identity works in career transitions (Aalto-yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu 2011).

Resonant tunneling effects in semiconductor heterostructures

The thesis is devoted to a theoretical study of resonant tunneling phenomena in semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures. It considers several problems relevant to modern solid state physics. Namely these are tunneling between 2D electron layers with spin-orbit interaction, tunnel injection into molecular solid material, resonant tunnel coupling of a bound state with continuum and resonant indirect exchange interaction mediated by a remote conducting channel. A manifestation of spin-orbit interaction in the tunneling between two 2D electron layers is considered. General expression is obtained for the tunneling current with account of Rashba and Dresselhaus types of spin-orbit interaction and elastic scattering. It is demonstrated that the tunneling conductance is very sensitive to relation between Rashba and Dresselhaus contributions and opens possibility to determine the spin-orbit interaction parameters and electron quantum lifetime in direct tunneling experiments with no external magnetic field applied. A microscopic mechanism of hole injection from metallic electrode into organic molecular solid (OMS) in high electric field is proposed for the case when the molecules ionization energy exceeds work function of the metal. It is shown that the main contribution to the injection current comes from direct isoenergetic transitions from localized states in OMS to empty states in the metal. Strong dependence of the injection current on applied voltage originates from variation of the number of empty states available in the metal rather than from distortion of the interface barrier. A theory of tunnel coupling between an impurity bound state and the 2D delocalized states in the quantum well (QW) is developed. The problem is formulated in terms of Anderson-Fano model as configuration interaction between the carrier bound state at the impurity and the continuum of delocalized states in the QW. An effect of this interaction on the interband optical transitions in the QW is analyzed. The results are discussed regarding the series of experiments on the GaAs structures with a -Mn layer. A new mechanism of ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor heterosructures is considered, namely the resonant enhancement of indirect exchange interaction between paramagnetic centers via a spatially separated conducting channel. The underlying physical model is similar to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction; however, an important difference relevant to the low-dimensional structures is a resonant hybridization of a bound state at the paramagnetic ion with the continuum of delocalized states in the conducting channel. An approach is developed, which unlike RKKY is not based on the perturbation theory and demonstrates that the resonant hybridization leads to a strong enhancement of the indirect exchange. This finding is discussed in the context of the known experimental data supporting the phenomenon.

TP53 mutations and loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 17 in colorectal tumors

The incidence of TP53 point mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 17 in colorectal tumors was determined in a group of Brazilian patients. We screened DNA samples from tumors and distal normal mucosa of 39 patients with colorectal cancer, for TP53 mutations by PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis. Chromosome 17 LOH was investigated using six PCR-based polymorphic markers and one VNTR probe. TP53 mutations were demonstrated in 15/39 of the cases. Mutations were distributed among all exons examined (five to eight), the majority of them being G/C to A/T transitions. LOH of chromosome 17p and 17q was detected in 70 and 46% of the tumors, respectively. There was a significant association between TP53 mutations and LOH in chromosome 17p (P = 0.0035) and 17q (P = 0.03). Although no correlation was observed between TP53 genetic alterations and clinical/ pathological characteristics, the association of TP53 mutations with loss of both chromosome 17 arms may indicate that TP53 inactivation provokes an unstable phenotype in tumor cells in colorectal tumors.

Mutations of androgen receptor gene in Brazilian patients with male pseudohermaphroditism

We describe the identification of point mutations in the androgen receptor gene in five Brazilian patients with female assignment and behavior. The eight exons of the gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) to detect the mutations. Direct sequencing of the mutant PCR products demonstrated single transitions in three of these cases: G<FONT FACE="Symbol">��</font>A in case 1, within exon C, changing codon 615 from Arg to His; G<FONT FACE="Symbol">��</font>A in case 2, within exon E, changing codon 752 from Arg to Gln, and C<FONT FACE="Symbol">��</font>T in case 3, within exon B, but without amino acid change.

PK-yrityksen omistajanvaihdos tietojohtamisen n��k��kulmasta ��� tiedon jakaminen ja absorptiivinen kapasiteetti

PK-yritysten omistajanvaihdokset koskettavat vuoteen 2020 menness�� Suomessa noin 250000 ihmist��. Yhteiskunnan kannalta on t��rke����, ett�� vaihdokset onnistuvat ja yritykset s��ilytt��v��t kilpailukykyns��, pystyv��t kehittym����n, kasvamaan kannattavasti ja ty��llist��m����n lis���� henkil��kuntaa. Ty��n tavoitteena on ymm��rt���� ja selitt���� PK-yrityksen omistajanvaihdosta tietojohtamisen n��k��kulmasta. Tutkimus toteutettiin vertailevana tapaustutkimuksena. Aineisto ker��ttiin puolistrukturoiduilla teemahaastatteluilla. Luopujan hiljaisen tiedon ja jatkajan yritykseen tuoman uuden tiedon onnistunut hy��dynt��minen on oleellista PK-yritysten omistajanvaihdosten onnistumisessa. Luopujan hiljaisen tiedon siirt��minen jatkajalle yll��pit���� yrityksen kilpailukyky��. Jatkajan yritykseen tuoma uusi tieto puolestaan voi laukaista tiedon hankinnan, sulattamisen, muokkaamisen ja hy��dynt��misen prosessin, jonka kautta yrityksen kilpailukyky�� voidaan parantaa tehostamalla prosesseja tai parantamalla tuotteita ja palveluita. Yksil��iden v��linen tiedon jakaminen, siirt��minen ja rakentaminen ovat prosesseja, jotka kasvattavat yrityksen absorptiivist�� kapasiteetti�� tehostamalla tiedon sulattamista ja muuntamista. T��t�� kautta voidaan osaltaan selitt���� omistajanvaihdokseen liittyvi�� riskej�� ja mahdollisuuksia.

The photodynamic and non-photodynamic actions of porphyrins

Porphyrias are a family of inherited diseases, each associated with a partial defect in one of the enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway. In six of the eight porphyrias described, the main clinical manifestation is skin photosensitivity brought about by the action of light on porphyrins, which are deposited in the upper epidermal layer of the skin. Porphyrins absorb light energy intensively in the UV region, and to a lesser extent in the long visible bands, resulting in transitions to excited electronic states. The excited porphyrin may react directly with biological structures (type I reactions) or with molecular oxygen, generating excited singlet oxygen (type II reactions). Besides this well-known photodynamic action of porphyrins, a novel light-independent effect of porphyrins has been described. Irradiation of enzymes in the presence of porphyrins mainly induces type I reactions, although type II reactions could also occur, further increasing the direct non-photodynamic effect of porphyrins on proteins and macromolecules. Conformational changes of protein structure are induced by porphyrins in the dark or under UV light, resulting in reduced enzyme activity and increased proteolytic susceptibility. The effect of porphyrins depends not only on their physico-chemical properties but also on the specific site on the protein on which they act. Porphyrin action alters the functionality of the enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway exacerbating the metabolic deficiencies in porphyrias. Light energy absorption by porphyrins results in the generation of oxygen reactive species, overcoming the protective cellular mechanisms and leading to molecular, cell and tissue damage, thus amplifying the porphyric picture.

Partially folded intermediates during trypsinogen denaturation

The equilibrium unfolding of bovine trypsinogen was studied by circular dichroism, differential spectra and size exclusion HPLC. The change in free energy of denaturation was <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/bjmbr/v32n6/3282sup.gif" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0"> = 6.99 �� 1.40 kcal/mol for guanidine hydrochloride and <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/bjmbr/v32n6/3282sup.gif" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0"> = 6.37 �� 0.57 kcal/mol for urea. Satisfactory fits of equilibrium unfolding transitions required a three-state model involving an intermediate in addition to the native and unfolded forms. Size exclusion HPLC allowed the detection of an intermediate population of trypsinogen whose Stokes radii varied from 24.1 �� 0.4 �� to 26.0 �� 0.3 �� for 1.5 M and 2.5 M guanidine hydrochloride, respectively. During urea denaturation, the range of Stokes radii varied from 23.9 �� 0.3 �� to 25.7 �� 0.6 �� for 4.0 M and 6.0 M urea, respectively. Maximal intrinsic fluorescence was observed at about 3.8 M urea with 8-aniline-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) binding. These experimental data indicate that the unfolding of bovine trypsinogen is not a simple transition and suggest that the equilibrium intermediate population comprises one intermediate that may be characterized as a molten globule. To obtain further insight by studying intermediates representing different stages of unfolding, we hope to gain a better understanding of the complex interrelations between protein conformation and energetics.

Reaaliaikainen personoitu tuotannonseurantaj��rjestelm��

Kandidaatinty��n loppuraportti on tehty asiakasyritykselle, jolla on r����t��l��ity ���itse tehty��� tuotannonohjausj��rjestelm��. T��m�� nykyinen tuotannonohjausj��rjestelm�� soveltuu hyvin massatuotantona tapahtuville eri tuotteiden ty��vaiheiden siirtymisille. Se ei kuitenkaan mahdollista helppok��ytt��ist�� tuotantovaiheiden ja ty��vaiheiden reaaliaikaista seurantaa. Kandidaatinty��n tarkoituksena on lis��t�� seurantaa fyysisille tuotantolaitteille, jotka eiv��t ole yhteydess�� tuotannonohjausj��rjestelm��n kanssa. Projektin kehityskohteena on tehd�� oma, irrallinen, helppok��ytt��inen, personoitava, www -pohjainen k��ytt��liittym��, jonka seurantapisteit�� voidaan hallinnoida varsin itsen��isesti, ilman ulkoisia kumppaneita.

Transition : en betydelsefull fas i den l��ngtidssjuka ungas v��rd

The aim of this caring science thesis is to deepen the understanding for the long-term ill adolescents care. In particular it aims to reach a better understanding of transition in health care, with a focus on how young people perceive health care. The goal is to build a model, a consistent theoretical framework that makes it possible to listen to the adolescent��s own voice, providing a better understanding of what good care consists in from their point of view. This Master's thesis consists of a literature overview on the concept of transition and a themed interview with young patients regarding transition of health care. The overall issue is 1. What is good care during the transition according to the adolescents themselves? 2. How does transition affect the young people's health and lives? The theoretical perspective of this thesis lies in the caring science tradition that has been developed at the ��bo Akademi University department of caring science with the caritative nursing theory as a basis. The epistemological and ontological assumptions are based on the caritative nursing theory, which in itself is ethical. Understanding of the concept of transition is based on A. Meleis transitions theory. The methodological approach is hermeneutical. The theme interview has been analyzed by using S. Kvales method. The material consists of a thematic interview with 10 long-term ill adolescents, about their views of the care received. This thesis research even in how NOBABs standards appears in the litterature as well as how they are implemented from the point of view of young people. The findings of this thesis shows that good care for the adolescent is a true presence with the young and an understanding of the direction in which the young move toward during the transition of care. Good care for an adolescent consists in being recognized as a person who is seen, known, appreciated and understood. Good care for the young involves recognizing her strength and joy of life including the contrast she experiences between health and suffering. To recognize their personal strength and courage supports the adolescents during the process of transitions of care Good care for the young involves responsibility for the individual person and humility in approaching her, giving attention to her view of life and aspirations. Openness and humility in the approach lays the foundation for a trusting relation during the transition of care. A unified theoretical framework is needed to promote the long-term ill adolescents care during transition of care. When the young and her individual needs is the centerpiece of healthcare creates this the basis for empowering care that supports the young in her quest for health. This master thesis adds a given model to the long-term ill adolescents` healthcare.

Riippuuko kaikki ajoittumisesta?

Eija R��ikk��sen v��it��skirja Is timing everything? : a longitudinal perspective on adult transitions, their antecedents, and psychological implications (Jyv��skyl��n yliopisto 2012).