A Corrupção burocrática inibe o empreendedorismo? uma análise empírica dos estados brasileiros

This work aims to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the incidence of bureaucratic corruption in the states of Brazil and Federal District. The main hypothesis of this study is that the opening of a business in Brazilian states is negatively affected by the incidence of corruption. The theoretical reference is divided into Entrepreneurship and bureaucratic corruption, with an emphasis on materialistic perspective (objectivist) of entrepreneurship and the effects of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity. By the regression method with panel data, we estimated the models with pooled data and fixed and random effects. To measure corruption, I used the General Index of Corruption for the Brazilian states (BOLL, 2010), and to represent entrepreneurship, firm entry per capita by state. Tests (Chow, Hausman and Breusch-Pagan) indicate that the random effects model is more appropriate, and the preliminary results indicate a positive impact of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity, contradicting the hypothesis expected and found in previous articles to Brazil, and corroborating the proposition of Dreher and Gassebner (2011) that, in countries with high regulation, bureaucratic corruption can be grease in the wheels of entrepreneurship

PROJETO DE PESQUISA INTERDISCIPLINAR: GEOGRAFIA, TURISMO E A TEORIA DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS

Esta produção textual tem como objetivo apresentar o projeto de pesquisa em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil, em nível de doutorado, o qual envolve em sua abordagem as áreas de geografia, de turismo e a teoria das representações sociais. Através de uma abordagem metodológica que se utiliza de alguns aspectos da dialética enquanto método e de alguns princípios da teoria das representações sociais, utiliza como metodologia a aplicação de roteiro estruturado de entrevista e questionário. Este projeto de pesquisa se desenvolve no município da Lapa-PR, Brasil, e encontra-se em sua fase final. Os resultados almejados por este projeto envolvem a compreensão do espaço e do espaço turístico enquanto espaço social.

Aspectos limitantes a educação em saúde no cotidiano da unidade de saúde

O objeto inicia comentando que os espaços possíveis para o encontro entre os profissionais de saúde e a população são inúmeros, tanto dentro como fora das unidades de saúde, espaços individuais e os coletivos, e lembra que cada encontro desses é uma oportunidade para o exercício de ação ou relação educativa, além de ressaltar que o atendimento individual deve ser entendido como um rico espaço de diálogo. Segue mostrando os modos de fazer educação que ser evitados por estes serem contrários à educação emancipadora. Detalha cada uma das sete posturas que devem ser evitadas por uma equipe que busca realizar a educação em saúde. Termina considerando os aspectos limitantes do atendimento individual nas práticas de atendimento à saúde, e propõe outra forma de se desenvolver atividades educativas na unidade básica de saúde através do trabalho com grupos ou com organizações sociais do bairro. Unidade 2 do módulo 17 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.

Climatério - principais alterações fisiológicas, emocionais e sociais que ocorrem nas mulheres

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as principais alterações fisiológicas, emocionais e sociais que ocorrem nas mulheres no período do climatério. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa relativa às alterações fisiológicas e emocionais, à sexualidade e à qualidade de vida da mulher no período do climatério. A preocupação com a qualidade de vida em saúde ao longo do processo de envelhecimento tem aumentado nos últimos anos. O climatério também chamado de síndrome menopausal compreende o conjunto de sintomas e sinais que diminuem o bem-estar da mulher. A revisão da literatura apontou que a maioria das mulheres chega ao período do climatério com pouquíssima informação, ficando sujeitas a dúvidas, temores e inseguranças que poderiam ter sido evitados caso estivessem bem informadas sobre o assunto. Possibilitou ainda, identificar a relevância desta temática para as mulheres que estão no climatério, e também para os profissionais da Equipe de Saúde da Família. Em especial, os aspectos relacionados à sexualidade, saúde emocional e qualidade de vida.

Aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos e assistência da equipe de Saúde da Família aos portadores de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus

O Diabetes mellitus (DM) e a Hipertensão arterial (HA) tem se tornado problema grave de saúde pública, pois existe um número de pessoas que desconhece não apenas tais doenças mas também programas de tratamento e prevenção. Tal situação causa agravamento no quadro apresentado pelos portadores, contribuindo para as futuras complicações e diminuindo a expectativa de vida. Na maioria das vezes, a falta de informação, o desconhecimento real das consequências clínicas e ainda questões culturais, sociais, psicológicas e econômicas impedem um tratamento eficaz. O advento dessas doenças crônicas resulta, em grande parte, das transições demográficas, nutricionais e epidemiológicas registradas no século passado que de forma direta ou indireta determinaram o perfil de risco. Essas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis estão associadas à morbidade, bem como mortalidade e são responsáveis por complicações cardiovasculares, encefálicas, coronarianas, renais e vasculares periféricas. Entre programas desenvolvidos para enfrentar essa problemática, destaca-se a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) que se constitui em uma reorientação do modelo assistencial brasileiro e que apresenta diretrizes voltadas para o estabelecimento de vínculo das equipes de saúde com os usuários do SUS. Com base nesse entendimento, foi desenvolvido o programa Hiperdia, que procura equalizar os agravos advindos da Hipertensão e do Diabetes mellitus. Estabelecendo metas e diretrizes para ampliar ações de prevenção, diagnóstico, tratamento e controle dessas patologias, o programa se realiza a partir da reorganização do trabalho de atenção à saúde, sob a ótica da atenção primária prestada nas unidades da rede básica dos Serviços de Saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar a contribuição da assistência da ESF, a partir dos programas destinados aos portadores de DM e HA, de modo a lhes prover uma melhor qualidade de vida

Aspectos técnicos da monitorização da pressão intracraniana pelo método subaracnóideo no traumatismo craniencefálico grave

Two hundred and six patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 points or less after nonsurgical resuscitation on admission), managed at Intensive Care Unit-Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas were prospectively analysed. All patients were assessed by CT scan and 72 required neurosurgical intervention. All patients were continuously monitored to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels by a subarachnoid device (11 with subarachnoid metallic bolts and 195 with subarachnoid polyvinyl catheters). The ICP levels were continuously observed in the bedside pressure monitor display and their end-hour values were recorded in a standard chart. The patients were managed according to a standard protocol guided by the ICP levels. There were no intracranial haemorrhagic complications or hematomas due the monitoring method. Sixty six patients were punctured by lateral C1-C2 technique to assess infectious complications and 2 had positive cerebrospinal fluid samples for Acinetobacter sp. The final results measured at hospital discharge showed 75 deaths (36,40%) and 131 (63,60%) survivors. ICP levels had significantly influenced the final results (p<0,001). The subarachnoid method to continuously assess the ICP levels was considered aplicable, safe, simple, low cost and useful to advise the management of the patients. The ICP record methodology was practical and useful. Despite the current technical advances the subarachnoid method was considered viable to assess the ICP levels in severe head injury.

Políticas sociais de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes no Brasil

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.

Espectroscopia optogalvânica: alguns aspectos relevantes

In this work we present the optogalvanic effect in ionized gases in an historical perspective. This effect was observed for the first time by Foote and Mohler in 1925, and explained by Penning in 1928 for mixtures (Ne-Ar) and pure gases (or vapours) in 1937. Also, we show some aspects of the contributions of Romenian authors for the development of optogalvanic spectroscopy, which was used as a new technique only after 1964.

A síntese da amônia: alguns aspectos históricos

The ammonia synthesis from its elements plays an important role in the survival of humankind. A short historical development of discoveries of the nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen sources for agriculture and the ammonia synthesis (in laboratory and industry) are presented. Some brief aspects of nitrogen chemistry are described. Short biographies of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the main persons in this epopee, are also presented.

Cromatografia de afinidade por íons metálicos imobilizados (IMAC) de biomoléculas: aspectos fundamentais e aplicações tecnológicas

Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Cromatography - IMAC - is a group-specific based adsorption applied to the purification and structure-function studies of proteins and nucleic acids. The adsorption is based on coordination between a metal ion chelated on the surface of a solid matrix and electron donor groups at the surface of the biomolecule. IMAC is a highly selective, low cost, and easily scaled-up technique being used in research and commercial operations. A separation process can be designed for a specific molecule by just selecting an appropriate metal ion, chelating agent, and operational conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and buffer type.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Flora e aspectos auto-ecológicos de um encrave de cerrado na chapada do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

This study subject to investigate the floristic composition and richness, the reproductive phenological patterns, the dispersal syndromes and life forms of species of a disjunt cerrado in semiarid climate at Araripe plateau during a one year period. We found 107 species and 41 families. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malpighiaceae showed the largest number of species. For 47 of the woody species found, we studied the geographical distribution based on 27 papers of the Brazilian cerrados. Twelve species are of widespread occurence in the cerrado, and 13 are restricted to the Araripe plateau. Zoocory, autocory, and anemocory are the predominant syndromes of dispersal. The predominant life forms were phanerophytes (50.7%), hemicriptophytes (14.9%) and camephytes (13.1%). The cerrado of Araripe have lower species richness than continous cerrados, but a similar pattern of reproductive phenology, dispersal syndromes and life forms in more humid zones.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais dos canais secretores em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Anacardiaceae

The study assessed phloem canal development and ultra-structure in shoot apices of Spondias dulcis G. Forst., phloematic canal ultra-structure in shoot apices of Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and floral canal ultra-structure and development and fruit canal ultra-structure of the latter specie. The flower and fruit canals of Anacardium humile St.Hil. were also studied ultra-structurally. The canals in shoot apices of S. dulcis show schizo-lysigenous formation and the floral canals of T. guianensis show schizogenous development. Epithelial cells of S. dulcis and T. guianensis canals have rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, elongated plastids of several shapes with osmiophilic inclusions and dictyosomes with production of vesicles. Such organelles participate in the secretion of a heterogeneous exudate, which is comprised of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. The epithelial cells of the fruit of A. humile present elongated plastids with circular membrane system, which are involved in the synthesis of lipophilic substances. The results of the ultra-structural analyses of the epithelial cells corroborate the results previously obtained in a histochemical study. In the histochemical study, lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were identified in the canals of T. guinanensis and S. dulcis and only lipophilic substances were identified in the canals of A. humile. Based on the ultrastructural aspects of the secretory canals of T. guianensis and S. dulcis we concluded that the plastids of the epithelial cells of the two species are different although they produce secretion of similar composition. A new record for the family is the presence of a great number of circular plastids in epithelial cells of the fruit of Anacardium humile. The pattern found in the secretory canals of the studied species is the ecrine type of secretion release.

Formação de professores: aspectos históricos e teóricos do problema no contexto brasileiro

This article deals with the theme of teacher training from the historical and theoretical perspectives. In the first part, the historical focus is introduced and the trajectory of teacher training in Brazil is examined, dividing it into six periods beginning with the passing of the Law of Schools of First Letters in 1827 and closing with the promulgation of the new law for national education in 1996. The second part deals with theoretical aspects, considering the two basic models of teacher training, their implications for the training of teachers of primary and pre-school education, the dilemma resulting from the contraposition between the two models and the way for overcoming it and concluding with observations on the training of teachers for special education.

Movimentos sociais na contemporaneidade

The work aims to present an overview of social movements in actuality, in the Latin America, and presents a mapping of their main forms in Brazil. The search ponders the educational character of their actions, both for its participants, as for society in general and public agencies. The basic premise of assertion that social movements are sources of innovation and knowledge-generating arrays. However, because it is not an isolated process but social-political character, the paper search joints in the network of relationships that establish movements in political, economic and socio-cultural country, to understand the factors that generate learning built and values of political culture that are being built. . The text highlights movements that occurs in the areas of education - formal and non-formal education.