Terapia Assistida por Animais:Uma Abordagem Lúdica Em Reabilitação Clínica De Pessoas Com Deficiência Intelectual

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o nível de sociabilização no comportamento da criança/adolescente com deficiência intelectual em terapia assistida por animais, TAA, e por objetivos específicos levantar o perfil sócio-demográfico-clínico dessa população, observar o comportamento da criança em atendimento mediado pela TAA e verificar a opinião dos pais/responsáveis e profissionais sobre essa terapia. A TAA é uma técnica na qual o animal é parte integrante do processo terapêutico. Enquadra-se em uma abordagem multidisciplinar, que requer a intervenção de especialistas, na qual o cão ocupa uma posição mediadora entre o paciente e os objetivos terapêuticos. A pesquisa abrange 46 sujeitos, sendo 20 pacientes, 20 pais e/ou responsáveis e seis terapeutas, e desenvolve-se em uma clínica de Reabilitação Clínica de ONG em cidade de grande porte. Foram observadas 12 intervenções em TAA, aplicada a escala com foco em sociabilização baseada em Achenbach (ASEBA)e realizada entrevista junto aos pais/responsáveis e entrevistados os terapeutas em TAA. Os resultados dos instrumentos utilizados convergem no sentido de apontara validade da TAA como facilitadora da sociabilização das crianças/adolescentes com deficiência intelectual, com aumento da motivação e engajamento às intervenções, assim como, com repercussões positivas em sua autonomia, em seu humor e em sua organização cognitiva temporal e narrativa linguística. Os terapeutas ressaltam o componente lúdico presente nas intervenções, o qual facilita atingir seus objetivos terapêuticos. Já para os pais dos atendidos por essa abordagem, de forma unanime referem que filhos demonstram motivação e maior autonomia frente aos atendimentos. O estudo sugere novas investigações que possam dar suporte à divulgação dessa modalidade de terapia.

A influência do conforto luminoso na satisfação dos profissionais que atuam no ginásio do Centro de Reabilitação Infantil, Natal-RN

This study addresses the environmental quality in therapeutic spaces for children's rehabilitation. The assumption that space is active and interfere in interpersonal relationships, highlights the importance of natural light to the hospital architecture, to foster the creation of environments that encourage and assist in the recovery of patients in the rehabilitation process. Therefore, interferes with health humanization through positive actions in the physiological and emotional effects of natural light, as facilitators of the health recovery process. In Brazil hospital openings systems projects are built exclusively to follow requirements of the local construction code which do not consider the landscape, but only ventilation and heat stroke; and the luminance levels are treated just as recommendations for artificial lighting. The National Policy for Healthcare Humanization presents the environmental comfort as a priority. However, it does not guidelines for achieving it. In this context this research aims to evaluate the lighting comfort in infant therapeutic areas from the professional satisfaction, in order to identify human preferences on the variables: technical and constructive aspects, relationship with the exterior, internal visual interface and quality elements. With this purpose it was adopted as research strategy the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (Technical Functional) through a multi method approach, which included a case study in the rehabilitation gym of Children Rehabilitation Center, at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and a reference study at SARAH Rehabilitation Center, Fortaleza Unit at Ceará, both in Brazil northeast. The results indicate that the definition of openings systems should consider external and internal factors to the building, as the natural landscape, the immediate surroundings and activities to be performed. The POE found out the preference of the professional visual privacy in detriment to other analyzed aspects. Thus, it is expected that this study can contribute to the discussion of luminous quality and generate inputs for future projects or renovations in the Children's Rehabilitation Centers, which should not be projected as hospitals

A injunção em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa do 4º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental

This investigation aims at identifying, describing, analyzing and interpreting how textbooks on Portuguese Language approach, beginning with the linguistic material, the effects of sense in texts that predominately employ injunctives. The corpus of this study is comprised of six collections of textbooks on Portuguese Language, which are part of the National Program Guide for Textbooks (PNLD) from 2010, adopted by the public schools in the city of Natal and the object of study for the Read/Tell Project of the Educational Observatory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Textbooks from the 4th and 5th grades, Elementary School, were analyzed – 12 copies total. For the analysis, we selected 16 writing proposals of injunctive texts. Our study is based on theoretical discussions by Adam (2001a, 2001b) with regard to the genre of: inciting to action. In addition, we consider the work of Koch and Fávero (1987), Koch and Elias (2009), Marcuschi (2003, 2008) Pery-Woodly (2001), Rodrigues (2013), Travaglia (1992, 2007) and Rosa (2007). With respect to discussions on textbooks, we refer to Choppin (2004, 2009), Batista (2003, 2009), Rojo e Batista (2005), and with regard to Portuguese Language textbooks specifically, we consider Soares (1998, 2001, 2004) and Bunzen and Rojo (2005). The proposals for writing in injunctive texts, in the collections analyzed, are tips/recommendations, instructions on making toys and/or games, travel itineraries and cooking recipes, such that 69% of them appear in the 4 th grade textbooks and only 31% appear in the 5th grade textbooks. With respect to the linguistic elements responsible for the construction of directive speech acts and the effects on sense produced by them, the data shows that 50% of the writing proposals do not exploit linguistic categories that implicate the effects on sense using injunctives, or rather, there is no work done dealing with linguistic analysis, while 33% mention the imperative mode and 17% investigate infinitive verbs. In this dissertation, the textual plans of incitation to act genres were studied and in them the linguistic materiality that vehicles injunction. This study might contribute to the improvement of Portuguese language teaching in what concerns the articulation of grammatical studies to textual sequences/types, mainly in the case of Portuguese language textbooks for the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School.

Análise fitoquímica e avaliação das atividades anti-inflamatória, antipeçonhenta e citotóxica de extratos aquosos de Aspidosperma pyrifolium e Ipomoea asarifolia

Envenomation caused by venomous animals, mainly scorpions and snakes, are a serious matter of public health. Tityus serrulatus is considered the most venomous scorpion in South America because of the high level of toxicity of its venom. It is responsible for causing serious accidents, mainly with kids. The species Bothrops jararaca is a serpent that has in its venom a complex mixture of enzyme, peptides and other molecules. The toxins of the venom of B. jararaca induce local and systemic inflammatory responses. The treatment chosen to serious cases of envenomation is the intravenous administration of the specific antivenom. However, the treatment is not always accessible to those residents in rural areas, so that they use medicinal plant extracts as the treatment. In this context, aqueous extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (pereiro) and Ipomoea asarifolia (salsa, salsa-brava), used in popular medicine, were studied in this research to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in the peritonitis models induced by carrageenan and peritonitis induced by the venom of the T. serrulatus (VTs), and in the local oedema model and inflammatory infiltrate induced by the venom of the B. jararaca, administrated intravenously. The results of the assays of cytotoxicity, using the MTT, showed that the aqueous extracts from the plant species presented low toxicity to the cells that came from the fibroblast of the mouse embryo (3T3).The chemical analysis of the extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography revealed the presence of the rutin flavonoid, in A. pyrifoliu, and rutin, clorogenic acid and caffeic acid, in I. asarifolia. Concerning the pharmacological evaluation, the results showed that the pre-treatment using aqueous extracts and fractions reduced the total leukocyte migration to the abdominal cavity in the peritonitis model caused by the carrageenan and in the peritonitis model induced by the T. serulatus venom. Yet, these groups presented anti-oedematous activity, in the local oedema model caused by the venom of the B. jararaca, and reduced the inflammatory infiltrate to the muscle. The serum (anti-arachnid and anti-bothropic) specific to each venom acted inhibiting the inflammatory action of the venoms and were used as control. The compounds identified in the extracts were also tested and, similar to the plant extracts, showed meaningful anti-inflammatory effects, in the tested doses. Thus, these results are indicating the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the plants studied. This is the first research that evaluated the possible biological effects of the A. pyrifolium and I. asarifolia, showing the biological potential that these species have.

Desenvolvimento biotecnológico de uma emulsão de uso tópico a base de óleo de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana Shaw

The skin is one of the largest organs of the human body and accounts for about 16% of body weight. The body protection against the external environment microorganisms is one of its most important functions, however is necessary that the skin remain intact for this function be exercised, so that when there is an injury on the skin, the process of restructuring needs to be starts, however this restructuration may also be compromised due to some diseases, justifying even more the need for the development of topical products that promote or accelerate the skin healing. Thus the aim of this study was to extract bullfrog oil and to develop a suitable topical emulsion. Two different oil samples were extracted by hot or organic solvent process. Titration techniques and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry were used to characterize the bullfrog oil. The required hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLBr) of bullfrog oil was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The stability of the topical emulsion was evaluated. Then, cellular viability was determined by MTT assay using normal fibroblasts (3T3) and melanoma (B16F10) cells lines. The hot extraction yield was 60.6%. The major polyunsaturated compounds found were Eicosapentaenoic acid (17.6%) and Arachidonic acid (8.4%). HLBr study demonstrated the presence of stable systems with HLB ranging from 12.1 to 13.5 and the pseudo-ternary phase diagram showed mainly emulsion systems (62%). Topical emulsion showed 390 nm, polydispersity 0.05, zeta potential -25 mV and remained stable for ninety days. The bullfrog oil and topical emulsion did not showed citotoxicity in normal fibroblasts cells. However, these systems showed significantly inhibition of melanoma cells growth. In conclusion, the bullfrog oil presented desirable chemical characteristics required to be used for the development of a pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

Efeito do topiramato sobre o craving em usuários de crack

The study aims to analyze the effects of topiramato on the craving of crack users. It is an open crossover clinical trial involving users from the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) in city of Parnamirim, RN, approved by the CEP CAAE: 38710614.1.0000.5537, respecting the norms of the resolution n. 466/2012/CNS. The study produced preliminary two scientific papers: a theoretical essay and an integrative review, as a way of seeking the state of art. The first paper was based in the theoretical framework of Hinds, Chaves and Cypress, which focuses different contexts, from the issues of individual use to the coping policies in Brazil, highlighting that the situation and the complexity of the phenome requires coping strategies for the full attention to the user, family and society. As a result of the integrative review, among the 902 retrieved records, eight of them presented therapeutic schemes with positive effects for the craving of cocaine. They used nine different drugs. It is important to spot out that there was no result for the craving of crack. The data collection was conducted from December 2014 to July 2015 and has as sample predominantly single males. The sample was composed of 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria: adults, age from 18 years, diagnosis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for cocaine/crack; cognitive capacity preserved; attendance to the service, participated at least three visits in the 12 months prior to data collection; and accepted to be monitored in the proposed treatment. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package of Support for Social Sciences (SPSS) on the instruments: 1) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), pointing out, among other results, that only 14% used crack/cocaine weekly during treatment, while 83% used daily or weekly after the washout period; 2) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, with an average of 80.23 and 77.47 with and without drug treatment, respectively. An analysis from the Student t test show no significant differences in impulsivity with or without the drug; and 3) Cocaine-Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCK-B), indicating that the number of users with craving intensity level is significantly higher without drug treatment (86%) than with treatment (33%). The analysis between craving and level of impulsivity showed that there is a low correlation (Pearson) between these two variables during treatment and after the washout, demonstrating that impulsivity has low influence on the outcome of drug therapy. As conclusion, it was noted that the topiramate produces positive effect on reducing the craving for crack users and their use is a relevant strategy for efficacy in the treatment of crack users.

Efeito do topiramato sobre o craving em usuários de crack

The study aims to analyze the effects of topiramato on the craving of crack users. It is an open crossover clinical trial involving users from the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) in city of Parnamirim, RN, approved by the CEP CAAE: 38710614.1.0000.5537, respecting the norms of the resolution n. 466/2012/CNS. The study produced preliminary two scientific papers: a theoretical essay and an integrative review, as a way of seeking the state of art. The first paper was based in the theoretical framework of Hinds, Chaves and Cypress, which focuses different contexts, from the issues of individual use to the coping policies in Brazil, highlighting that the situation and the complexity of the phenome requires coping strategies for the full attention to the user, family and society. As a result of the integrative review, among the 902 retrieved records, eight of them presented therapeutic schemes with positive effects for the craving of cocaine. They used nine different drugs. It is important to spot out that there was no result for the craving of crack. The data collection was conducted from December 2014 to July 2015 and has as sample predominantly single males. The sample was composed of 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria: adults, age from 18 years, diagnosis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for cocaine/crack; cognitive capacity preserved; attendance to the service, participated at least three visits in the 12 months prior to data collection; and accepted to be monitored in the proposed treatment. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package of Support for Social Sciences (SPSS) on the instruments: 1) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), pointing out, among other results, that only 14% used crack/cocaine weekly during treatment, while 83% used daily or weekly after the washout period; 2) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, with an average of 80.23 and 77.47 with and without drug treatment, respectively. An analysis from the Student t test show no significant differences in impulsivity with or without the drug; and 3) Cocaine-Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCK-B), indicating that the number of users with craving intensity level is significantly higher without drug treatment (86%) than with treatment (33%). The analysis between craving and level of impulsivity showed that there is a low correlation (Pearson) between these two variables during treatment and after the washout, demonstrating that impulsivity has low influence on the outcome of drug therapy. As conclusion, it was noted that the topiramate produces positive effect on reducing the craving for crack users and their use is a relevant strategy for efficacy in the treatment of crack users.

Quem é o doente? Um estudo sobre as vivências dos acompanhantes de pacientes adultos em hospital público no Rio Grande do Norte

The aim of this research is to reveal how caregivers have lived the experiences from adult patients admitted in a Rio Grande do Norte’s state hospital. This is a study where the use of the participant observation, associated with the use of interviews and informal conversations handled categories such as the mismatch between the prerogatives of Brazilian Health Care Policies (HumanizaSUS) and practices performed in hospitals, the relationships established between the caregivers and the other subjects of the research field, family relationships, permanence of women as caregivers, therapeutic itineraries, dramas, religiosity and secrets. To sew up it appears the role of a caregiver is more than emotional support or help, it is a complex act in several directions.

Caracterização funcional da BaltMTx, uma miotoxina isolada da peçonha de Bothrops alternatus

CHAPTER II: Snake venoms are a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, proteins and peptides such as aminotransferases, acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidases, L-amino acid oxidase, phospholipase A2, metalloproteases, serine proteases, lectins, disintegrins, and others. Phospholipase A2 directly or indirectly influence the pathophysiological effect on envenomation, as well as their participation in the digestion of the prey. They have several other activities such as hemolytic indirect action, cardiotoxicity, aggregating of platelets, anticoagulant, edema, myotoxic and inflammatory activities. In this work, we describe the functional characterization of BaltMTx, a PLA2 from Bothrops alternatus that inhibits platelet aggregation and present bactericidal effect. The purification of BaltMTx was carried out through three chromatographic steps (ion-exchange on a DEAE-Sephacel column, followed by hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl–Sepharose and affinity chromatography on HiTrap™ Heparin HP). The protein was purified to homogeneity as judged by its migration profile in SDS–PAGE stained with coomassie blue, and showed a molecular mass of about 15 kDa under reducing conditions and approximately 25 kDa in non-reducing conditions. BaltMTx showed a rather specific inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine in human platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had little or no effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen or adenosine diphosphate. BaltMTx also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. High concentrations of BatlMTx stimulated the proliferation of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viania) braziliensis. BaltMTx induced production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and NO. BaltMTx could be of medical interest as a new tool for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders as well as bactericidal agent.

Atividade antiangiogênica da forma recombinante da proteína 21 de Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is the cause of Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). The prospection of innovative therapeutic agents against CCC is a major task. The recombinant form of 21 (rP21), a secreted T. cruzi protein involved in host cell invasion and on progression of chronic inflammatory processes have been studied as a potential novel therapeutic target. Our present work aimed to verify and investigate the impact of rP21 in the formation of blood vessels in vitro and in vivo. First, tEnd cells were treated with different concentrations of rP21 or bacterial extract and viability and cellular adhesion were evaluated by MTT and angiogenesis inhibition by Matrigel tube formation assay and murine model. To verify the proteolytic activity of rP21 on extracellular matrix (ECM) components, fibrinogen, matrigel and fibronectin was incubated with rP21 or not. In addition, we performed proliferation assays and cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, the accumulation and distribution of F-actin was determined by Phalloidin staining using ImageJ software. Finally, tEnd cells were incubated with rP21 and the mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. Our results showed that rP21 did not alter cell viability and adhesion, but strongly inhibited vessel formation in vitro and in vivo. Tube formation assay showed that angiogenesis inhibition was dependent of the CXCR4-rP21 binding. In addition to these results, we observed that the rP21 was able to inhibit cell proliferation and promoted a significant reduction in the number of 4n cells (G2/M phase). Moreover, we found that rP21 significantly increased F-actin levels and this protein was able to modulate expression of genes related to angiogenesis and actin cytoskeleton. However, rP21 showed no significant activity on the matrix components. In this sense, we conclude that the rP21-endothelial cells (ECs) interaction via CXCR4 promotes inhibition of vessel formation through a cascade of intracellular events, such as inhibition of ECs proliferation and modulation of the expression of molecules associated with angiogenic processes and actin cytoskeleton.

Enrofloxacina e toltrazuril reduzem a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em células trofoblásticas humanas e em explantes de vilos placentários humanos de terceiro trimestre

The classical treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis is based on combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid. Due to teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression caused by pyrimethamine, the establishment of new therapeutic targets is indispensable to minimize the undesirable effects and improve the control of the infection. Previous studies demonstrated that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril were able to control the infection triggered by Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, the aim of this present study was evaluate the efficacy of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in the control of T. gondii proliferation in human trophoblast cells (BeWo lineage) and in human villous explants from third trimester. BeWo cells and villous were treated with several concentrations of enrofloxacin, toltrazuril, sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine or association (sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine) in other to verify their viability by MTT or LDH assay, respectively. Next, BeWo cells were infected with T. gondii RH (2F1 clone) or ME49 strain, whereas villous were infected only with RH strain (2F1 clone), after, both cells and villous were treated or not with the same antibiotics and analyzed to T. gondii intracellular proliferation by beta-galactosidase assay (for RH strain) or blue toluidine staining (for ME49 strain). ELISA was performed in the supernatant to evaluate the cytokine profile. Enrofloxacin and toltrazuril did not change strongly the viability in cells and villous. Furthermore, the drugs decreased the parasite intracellular proliferation regardless T. gondii strain in BeWo cells and villous explants when compared to untreated and infected conditions. In BeWo cells infected by RH, enrofloxacin induced high levels of IL-6 low levels of MIF, while both cytokines were upregulated by enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in BeWo cells infected by ME49 strain. Additionally, in villous explantes, enrofloxacin induced high MIF production. Thus, enrofloxacin and toltrazuril were able to control the parasitism in BeWo cells and villous explants, and probably it occurs by modulation of immune response in these cells or tissues and direct action on parasite, but future experiments are necessary to verify this hypothesis.

“É acompanhante ou usuária?” Implicações sobre a posição da família no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial da Infância e Adolescência - CAPSi

This study emerged and founded itself with the aim to analyze the position taken by the family – and the implications in this subjective area – in attending children and adolescents in a Childhood Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSi). A secondary goal has come up as the comprehension surrounding the institutional representation made about the family and the service offered to children, adolescents and relatives. For such, the historical perspective on the relation between the State (laws and institutions) and the family was resumed, and the understanding of how it was reconciled by the medical knowledge and attended the ideological and political means. The social and ideological transformations of the 20th century culminated in the need of change required by the Psychiatric Reform and the achievement of patients on the right to return home and to their families. This new situation, permeated by the attempt of building an assistance model in Mental Health, presented a peculiarity–the close relationship between family and Mental Health services. The observations and conversations at CAPSi that were the investigation objects in this research, intended to learn on the quotidian of families and the possible treatment alternatives that would take into account the family circumstances. Conceiving the status of the families in Mental Health services is a germinal matter yet to be adjusted among the active knowledge in the post-Reform devices. The discussion about the family bonds, anchored in the theoretical perspective of Binding Psychoanalysis brought up elementary concepts such as psychic heritage, denial pact, unconscious alliances, the familiar psychic set, among other. The concept of family organizer helped to think of the family trajectories and stablishes a sort of identity for the family, as well as interferes in the establishment of its boundaries. The family path within the institution, as well as the status they establish facing the institutional approach, reflect the ghosts and the organizers shared by the group-family. It follows that the family is an important protagonist to be considered in the current therapeutic and political processes and, thus, is key to welcome the family bonds for the alliances act over the affective destinations, as well as try to remain sealed from the proposed changes.

Assessment of anticancer properties of essential oils from aromatic plants of the sand dunes of peniche (portugal)

O cancro é um problema de saúde crescente no mundo e é a segunda causa de morte depois das doenças cardíacas. De acordo com a Agência Internacional de Investigação em Cancro (IARC) existem atualmente mais de 10 milhões de casos de cancro por ano no mundo. Os produtos naturais oferecem oportunidades de inovação na descoberta de novos fármacos. Neste sentido, os compostos naturais isolados a partir de plantas medicinais, como potenciais fontes de novas drogas anticancerígenas, têm tido um interesse crescente. Os Óleos Essenciais (OEs) são sintetizados pelas plantas e têm sido estudados pelas suas inúmeras atividades biológicas, incluindo anticancerígena, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana, antiviral, antioxidante e repelente de insetos. Este estudo tem como objetivos determinar a eficácia de OEs de seis espécies de plantas das dunas de Peniche (Portugal), como potenciais agentes terapêuticos anticancerígenos em linhas celulares de cancro da mama (MCF7) e do colo-rectal (RKO), assim como perceber o mecanismo de ação destes OEs. Neste estudo, partes aéreas de Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima, Crithmum maritimum, Eryngium maritimum, Juniperus turbinata subsp. turbinata, Otanthus maritimus e Seseli tortuosum foram colhidas na praia da Consolação, em Peniche (Portugal), e os seus OEs isolados através de hidrodestilação. A composição química dos OEs foi investigada por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e por cromatografia gasosa com espetrofotometria de massa (GC-MS) e os compostos maioritários foram descritos para cada óleo. Para avaliar a atividade anticancerígena nas linhas celulares MCF7 e RKO, o método MTS (3- (4, 5-dimethyl- 2 -thiazolyl) - 2, 5-dyphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) foi usado e a viabilidade celular avaliada, através de diluições sucessivas, a concentrações iniciais de 5 μL/mL e 1 μL/mL, com diluição de 1:2 e 1:10, respetivamente, comparando com o controlo (DMSO). De todos os OEs testados, a atividade anticancerígena foi descrita, em ambas as linhas celulares, como observado pela diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular – exceto o OE Eryngium maritimum a uma concentração inicial de 5 μL/mL.Com o objetivo de avaliar o mecanismo biológico de ação dos OEs, foi realizado um western blot para marcadores relativos ao bloqueio do ciclo celular e apoptose (p53, p21 e caspase 3 clivada), para Seseli tortuosum e Otanthus maritimus. Foi observado um aumento do nível proteína p53 nas células tratadas com estes OEs, sugerindo a indução de stress celular nas células cancerígenas testadas. No entanto, não foi observada caspase 3 clivada, sugerindo que a apoptose não terá sido a causa para a diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular observada. Foi ainda observado o aumento da expressão da p21 com os OEs selecionados, sugerindo que o tratamento com OE está associado ao bloqueio do ciclo celular. Para validar estas observações, a análise realizada por FACS, depois do tratamento indica um possível bloqueio do ciclo celular na fase G1. Concluindo, a concentração inicial de 5 μL/mL revelou ser muito tóxica para as linhas celulares testadas. No entanto, a uma concentração final de 1 μL/mL foi demonstrada uma diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular para todos os OEs. No estudo preliminar do mecanismo de ação dos OEs, foi demonstrado, face à presença da p21, que os óleos de Seseli tortuosum e Otanthus maritimus atuam bloqueando o ciclo celular. Para comprovar estes resultados, o FACS realizado (apenas no OE de Seseli tortuosum) revelou que este bloqueio pode ocorrer, pelo aumento da percentagem de células observadas, na fase G1. Estes resultados demonstram o interesse destes OEs de Peniche na procura de novos agentes quimo preventivos contra a progressão do cancro da mama e colo-rectal.

La disputa sobre el carácter científico de la homeopatía, los principales ejes de discusión en Argentina

La disputa sobre el carácter científico de la homeopatía tiene alrededor de doscientos años y, dada la magnitud de los recursos movilizados, es un tópico particularmente interesante para el análisis de su dinámica desde las ciencias sociales. En líneas generales, las controversias han puesto en cuestión dos tipos de argumentos: acerca de la eficacia de la homeopatía en términos terapéuticos (junto con las otras prácticas denominadas "terapias alternativas y/o complementarias"), y acerca del carácter "científico" de sus fundamentos, actividades y prácticas. Sin embargo, en la argumentación acerca del carácter de las terapias alternativas, ambos tópicos aparecen entremezclados, bajo el supuesto según el cual "una terapia cuyos fundamentos no pueden atribuirse al campo científico sólo podría ser eficaz como placebo (y en algunos casos, llega a ser nociva)". Numerosos tópicos de la sociología de la ciencia son aquí puestos en cuestión: el carácter objetivo de la "prueba", la "eficacia social" del conocimiento, las estrategias de legitimación "hacia adentro" y "hacia fuera" (incluidos particularmente los medios de comunicación) del campo científico, los dispositivos institucionales, entre otros. Así, desde el campo científico instituido se rechaza a la homeopatía acusándola de "no respetar los métodos de validación científicos", de "contradecir principios de la química" y de no ser "científicamente plausible". En este trabajo se analizan los principales ejes sobre los cuales se ha articulado esta controversia, tanto en la escena internacional como en la Argentina, identificando los actores que de ella han participado, discriminando, además, diferentes corrientes dentro de las "terapias alternativas o complementarias". Pretendemos identificar cuáles han sido los fundamentos de sus discursos, sobre qué supuestos se apoyan, intentando poner de manifiesto la yuxtaposición de argumentos de "cientificidad" con las luchas por el posicionamiento público y la legitimación social

La disputa sobre el carácter científico de la homeopatía, los principales ejes de discusión en Argentina

La disputa sobre el carácter científico de la homeopatía tiene alrededor de doscientos años y, dada la magnitud de los recursos movilizados, es un tópico particularmente interesante para el análisis de su dinámica desde las ciencias sociales. En líneas generales, las controversias han puesto en cuestión dos tipos de argumentos: acerca de la eficacia de la homeopatía en términos terapéuticos (junto con las otras prácticas denominadas "terapias alternativas y/o complementarias"), y acerca del carácter "científico" de sus fundamentos, actividades y prácticas. Sin embargo, en la argumentación acerca del carácter de las terapias alternativas, ambos tópicos aparecen entremezclados, bajo el supuesto según el cual "una terapia cuyos fundamentos no pueden atribuirse al campo científico sólo podría ser eficaz como placebo (y en algunos casos, llega a ser nociva)". Numerosos tópicos de la sociología de la ciencia son aquí puestos en cuestión: el carácter objetivo de la "prueba", la "eficacia social" del conocimiento, las estrategias de legitimación "hacia adentro" y "hacia fuera" (incluidos particularmente los medios de comunicación) del campo científico, los dispositivos institucionales, entre otros. Así, desde el campo científico instituido se rechaza a la homeopatía acusándola de "no respetar los métodos de validación científicos", de "contradecir principios de la química" y de no ser "científicamente plausible". En este trabajo se analizan los principales ejes sobre los cuales se ha articulado esta controversia, tanto en la escena internacional como en la Argentina, identificando los actores que de ella han participado, discriminando, además, diferentes corrientes dentro de las "terapias alternativas o complementarias". Pretendemos identificar cuáles han sido los fundamentos de sus discursos, sobre qué supuestos se apoyan, intentando poner de manifiesto la yuxtaposición de argumentos de "cientificidad" con las luchas por el posicionamiento público y la legitimación social