Studies on the effect of the organophosphorus pesticide Eka(Rlu) x EC 25 on the bacterial flora of Villorita cyprinoides var. cochinensis (Han1ey)

The thesis is Studies on the Effect or the Obganophosphorus Pesticide Ekalux(R) EC 25 on the Bacterial Flora or Villorita Cyprinoides Var.Cochinensis (Hanley). For the present investigation, the black clam Villorita gyprinoides var. cochinensis (Hanley), a most common clam genus present in this estuarine system has been selected as test organaism and Ekalux (R) EC 25 as toxicant. The aspects dealt with are 1. Total heterotrophic bacterial population, 2. Generic composition, 3. Hydrolytic enzyme producing bacteria, 4. Antibiotic resistance, 5. Heavy metal resistance, 6. The effect of pesticide concentration on the growth of the bacteria and 7. Effect of temperature, pH and sodium chloride on the growth and phosphate release of selected isolates.The samples for the experiment were collected from the Vembanad Lake, near Kumbalam Island during the period of September 1985 to May '86. The THB of the estuarine water and clams contained 6.5 x I04/ml and 2.975 x l06/g respectively, immediately after collection. Untreated water and clam samples showed enormous increase in THB from 0 hr population. The treated samples (water and clams) contained higher THB than 0 hr. In general, THB was observed to increase tremendously in the samples treated with pesticide when compared to their native flora. With reference to various concentrations of pesticides, THB recorded an increase with increase of concentration in water and clam samples.

Blue, Green and Orange-Red Light Emitting Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Prospects of Applications in Optoelectronic Devices

Light emitting polymers (LEPs) are considered as the second generation of conducting polymers. A Prototype LEP device based on electroluminescence emission of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) was first assembled in 1990. LEPs have progressed tremendously over the past 20 years. The development of new LEP derivatives are important because polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) can be used for the manufacture of next-generation displays and other optoelectronic applications such as lasers, photovoltaic cells and sensors. Under this circumstance, it is important to understand thermal, structural, morphological, electrochemical and photophysical characteristics of luminescent polymers. In this thesis the author synthesizes a series of light emitting polymers that can emit three primary colors (RGB) with high efficiency

Thermal characterization of methylene blue intercalated montmorillonites by photoacoustic technique

Thermal diffusivity (TD) measurement on commercial K-10 and KSF montmorillonites was carried out by photoacoustic technique. The TD of the montmorillonites after methylene blue adsorption changed with the dye concentration. The repeatedly adsorbed samples showed a lesser TD than the single adsorbed samples. After methylene blue adsorption the acid leached K-10 samples showed well defined changes in TD when compared to the ordered KSF samples

A new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor identified from the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus: Molecular characteristics and phylogeny

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors are small proteins that bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide and exhibit potent antimicrobial activities. This study presents the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the first ALF isoform (Pp-ALF1; JQ745295) identified from the hemocytes of Portunus pelagicus. The full length cDNA of Pp-ALF1 consisted of 880 base pairs encoding 293 amino acids with an ORF of 123 amino acids and contains a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids. Pp-ALF1 possessed a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 13.86 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 8.49. Two highly conserved cysteine residues and putative LPS binding domain were observed in Pp-ALF1. Peptide model of Pp-ALF1 consisted of two α-helices crowded against a four-strand β-sheet. Comparison of amino acid sequences and neighbor joining tree showed that Pp-ALF1 has a maximum similarity (46%) to ALF present in Portunus trituberculatus followed by 39% similarity to ALF of Eriocheir sinensis and 38% similarity to ALFs of Scylla paramamosain and Scylla serrata. Pp-ALF1 is found to be a new isoform of ALF family and its characteristic similarity with other known ALFs signifies its role in protection against invading pathogens.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Spiro-Starburst-Structures as Blue Light Emitters and Zeolites

Spiro-starburst-structures with symmetric globular structures in forms of first and second generations that readily form stable amorphous glasses have been synthesized and then characterised in this work. During the synthesis of these materials, possibilities of the extension of the chains of the phenyl rings in 2,2’,7 and 7’-positions of the central core of the spirobifluorene as well as the 2’,7 and 7’-positions of the terminal spirobifluorene units of the spiro-starburst-structures have been investigated so that solubilities and morphologies of the compounds are not negatively influenced. Their morphological properties have been explored by recording their decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature. These compounds possessing two perpendicular arrangement of the two molecular halves show high glass transition temperature (Tg), which is one of the most important parameter indicating the stability of the amorphous state of the material for optoelectronic devices like organic light emitting diodes. Within the species of second generation compounds, for example, 4-spiro3 shows the highest Tg (330 °C) and the highest branching degree. When one [4B(SBF)SBF-SBF 84] or two [4SBFSBF-SBF 79] terminal spirobifluorene units are removed, the Tg decreases to 318 °C and 307 °C respectively. Photo absorption and fluorescence spectra and cyclic voltammetry measurements are taken in account to characterize the optoelectronic properties of the compounds. Spiro-starburst-structures emit radiation in the blue region of the visible spectrum. The peak maxima of absorption and emission spectra are observed to be at higher wavelength in the molecules with longer chromophore chains than in the molecules with shorter chromophore chains. Excitation spectra are monitored with their emission peak maxima. The increasing absorbing species in molecule leads to increasing molar extinction coefficient. In the case of 4B(TP)SBF-SBF 53 and 4B(SBF)SBF-SBF 84, the greater values of the molar extinction coefficients (43*104 and 44*104 L mol-1 cm-1 respectively) are the evidences of the presence of four times octiphenyl conjugation rings and eight times terminal fluorene units respectively. The optical properties of solid states of these compounds in the form of thin film indicate that the intermolecular interaction and aggregation of individual molecules in neat amorphous films are effectively hindered by their sterically demanding structures. Accordingly, in solid state, they behave like isolated molecules in highly dilute solution. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of these compounds show electrochemically reversibility and stability. Furthermore, the zeolitic nature (host-guest) of the molecular sieve of the synthesized spiro-starburst-structures has been analysed by thermogravimetric analysis method.

Downscaling and Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia

The Upper Blue Nile River Basin (UBNRB) located in the western part of Ethiopia, between 7° 45’ and 12° 45’N and 34° 05’ and 39° 45’E has a total area of 174962 km2 . More than 80% of the population in the basin is engaged in agricultural activities. Because of the particularly dry climate in the basin, likewise to most other regions of Ethiopia, the agricultural productivity depends to a very large extent on the occurrence of the seasonal rains. This situation makes agriculture highly vulnerable to the impact of potential climate hazards which are about to inflict Africa as a whole and Ethiopia in particular. To analyze these possible impacts of future climate change on the water resources in the UBNRB, in the first part of the thesis climate projection for precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures in the basin, using downscaled predictors from three GCMs (ECHAM5, GFDL21 and CSIRO-MK3) under SRES scenarios A1B and A2 have been carried out. The two statistical downscaling models used are SDSM and LARS-WG, whereby SDSM is used to downscale ECHAM5-predictors alone and LARS-WG is applied in both mono-model mode with predictors from ECHAM5 and in multi-model mode with combined predictors from ECHAM5, GFDL21 and CSIRO-MK3. For the calibration/validation of the downscaled models, observed as well as NCEP climate data in the 1970 - 2000 reference period is used. The future projections are made for two time periods; 2046-2065 (2050s) and 2081-2100 (2090s). For the 2050s future time period the downscaled climate predictions indicate rise of 0.6°C to 2.7°C for the seasonal maximum temperatures Tmax, and of 0.5°C to 2.44°C for the minimum temperatures Tmin. Similarly, during the 2090s the seasonal Tmax increases by 0.9°C to 4.63°C and Tmin by 1°C to 4.6°C, whereby these increases are generally higher for the A2 than for the A1B scenario. For most sub-basins of the UBNRB, the predicted changes of Tmin are larger than those of Tmax. Meanwhile, for the precipitation, both downscaling tools predict large changes which, depending on the GCM employed, are such that the spring and summer seasons will be experiencing decreases between -36% to 1% and the autumn and winter seasons an increase of -8% to 126% for the two future time periods, regardless of the SRES scenario used. In the second part of the thesis the semi-distributed, physically based hydrologic model, SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool), is used to evaluate the impacts of the above-predicted future climate change on the hydrology and water resources of the UBNRB. Hereby the downscaled future predictors are used as input in the SWAT model to predict streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile as well as other relevant water resources parameter in the basin. Calibration and validation of the streamflow model is done again on 1970-2000 measured discharge at the outlet gage station Eldiem, whereby the most sensitive out the numerous “tuneable” calibration parameters in SWAT have been selected by means of a sophisticated sensitivity analysis. Consequently, a good calibration/validation model performance with a high NSE-coefficient of 0.89 is obtained. The results of the future simulations of streamflow in the basin, using both SDSM- and LARS-WG downscaled output in SWAT reveal a decline of -10% to -61% of the future Blue Nile streamflow, And, expectedly, these obviously adverse effects on the future UBNRB-water availibiliy are more exacerbated for the 2090’s than for the 2050’s, regardless of the SRES.

Estudio didáctico de la flora y fauna de una comarca : Jumilla-Yecla.

El libro se dirige a aquellas personas, sobre todo jóvenes, que identifican la caza y el trofeo con la seguridad en uno mismo. Cuando se conocen los ciclos de la naturaleza y lo que es el equilibrio ecológico se forja en la mente de niños y jóvenes una actitud positiva con el medio natural. Otro de los objetivos del libro es colaborar, servir de herramienta para la programación de las Ciencias de la Naturaleza en las aulas, para que la educación ecológica sea realidad en algunos años. El libro constituye una completa guía de la flora y la fauna del Altiplano (Yecla y Jumilla) con profusión de ilustraciones, gráficos y dibujos y propuesta de actividades: itinerarios, registros de observación, estudio de ecosistemas (charca), experimentos de laboratorio y de campo.

Experiencia didáctica con la flora y la fauna del Mar Menor y Parque Regional de Calblanque.

Guía didáctica en la que se describe los parajes del Mar Menor y Calblanque así como su flora y su fauna. Incluye una guía fotográfica y un texto didáctico a modo de diario de un ecologista con sugerencias de actividades. El último bloque lo constituyen una serie de proyectos, indagaciones y experimentos para realizar en el aula o en la naturaleza, además de modelos de fichas de campo para aves, peces, plantas y conchas.

Estudi de la vegetació dels camins de ronda de Palafrugell: impacte i mesures de control de la flora introduïda

El treball consisteix en un estudi aprofundit de la vegetació que configura el veritable ecosistema mediterrani de la costa de Palafrugell (inventaris de les espècies al.lòctones i les autòctones) fent una sèrie de propostes de millora de les zones més degradades intentant evitar la colonització de les espècies no desitjables amb la posterior elaboració d’un llistat d’espècies aconsellables per plantar en espais públics enjardinats

Un peque??o estudio sobre la flora de los acantilados

Se trata de un material fotocopiado del Aula de la Naturaleza de Perlora

Beyond the blue horizon : the role of industry in global environmental politics

by Joanne M. Kaufman.

Flora y fauna de Asturias.

Con este tutorial dirigido a alumnos de Enseñanza Secundaria se pretende alcanzar los siguientes objetivos: Conocer la biodiversidad en flora y fauna del Principado de Asturias. Identificar sus principales especies vegetales y animales. Observar y describir los ciclos vitales en vegetales y animales: la reproducción sexual y asexual. Presentar los ecosistemas más representativos del Principado de Asturias, destacando la importancia de su conservación. Conocer los espacios naturales protegidos en el Principado de Asturias: parques, reservas, monumentos naturales y paisajes protegidos. Valorar el estado de conservación de la flora y fauna: especies de especial interés, especies vulnerables y especies en peligro de extinción en el Principado de Asturias. La publicación presenta los contenidos estructurados en los siguientes apartados: 1) Flora de Asturias: Algas, hongos y líquenes; Plantas sin flores: musgos y helechos; Plantas con flores: gimnospermas y angiospermas. 2) Fauna de Asturias: Esponjas, cnidarios y gusanos planos y cilíndricos; Anélidos y moluscos; Artrópodos; Equinodermos, peces y anfibios; Reptiles, aves y mamíferos. 3) Biodiversidad: Unidades ambientales; Espacios protegidos; Recursos culturales.

Flora medicinal y sus conocimientos asociados : lineamientos para una reglamentación

En este texto se presenta un espacio de intercambio de conocimientos desde una perspectiva científica, técnica y jurídica, para contribuir a la protección de los recursos naturales. Debido a la importancia de establecer mecanismos para proteger la biodiversidad y posibilitar la preservación de los conocimientos asociados especialmente al uso de la flora medicinal, la Línea de Investigación en Política y Legislación, del Grupo de Estudios en Sistemas Tradicionales de Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, y la Línea de Derecho Ambiental y Grupos Étnicos, del Grupo de Derechos Humanos de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario, desarrollaron este libro a través del cual la Universidad se propone profundizar en el panorama actual de la reglamentación y política –Internacional, nacional y local—respecto a la flora medicinal y al patrimonio cultural inmaterial asociado a esta.

Lineamientos para una reglamentación de la flora medicinal

Lineamientos para una reglamentación de la flora medicinal Tres décadas después de que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) avalara el uso de las plantas medicinales en los sistemas nacionales de salud, Colombia aún no cuenta con una legislación que le permita proteger y aprovechar su flora medicinal en beneficio de la población. Para subsanar este vacío, el Grupo de Estudios en Sistemas Tradicionales de Salud de la Facultad de Medicina (GESTS) y el Grupo de Investigación en Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario decidieron analizar los avances legislativos desarrollados en todo el mundo, con el fin de sentar las bases de una reglamentación nacional que estimule el cultivo, aprovechamiento sostenible y uso terapéutico de las plantas y sus productos derivados.(...) Esta iniciativa cobra mayor importancia ante el incremento de reglamentaciones locales relacionadas con las medicinas herbáceas (...) . Mientras en 1995 sólo 42 de los 193 países miembros de la OMS tenían normas relacionadas con la medicina basada en hierbas, para el 2005 una encuesta realizada en 140 países mostró que en 92 de ellos ya se había reglamentado el uso de plantas medicinales. Se ha extendido tanto el uso de éstas plantas que el mercado mundial de medicinas elaboradas con hierbas basadas en el conocimiento tradicional supera los 60.000 millones de dólares(...)(cerca de la mitad del PIB de Colombia). Ésto se traduce, además, en una preocupación permanente sobre su tráfico y comercio inadecuado (...) , ante el inminente riesgo de extinción biológica de algunas especies, como lo advierten varios estudios de la OMS (...) (...) (*) . Ahora bien, aunque la propuesta de los investigadores podría sentar los lineamientos básicos para un proyecto de ley, la reglamentación no puede convertirse en un punto de llegada, ya que sin importar lo que diga la legislación, la gente seguirá haciendo uso –con viejas o nuevas maneras– de las plantas medicinales. Por tanto, el grupo interdisciplinario de investigadores, propone un marco conceptual que permita entender el universo de la botánica médica, estableciendo las fronteras de su estudio y precisando los lenguajes utilizados por la medicina moderna y la medicina tradicional.

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