Into the Bends of Time and Musical Forces in Jazz: Group Interaction and Double-time in “My Foolish Heart” as performed by the Bill Evans Trio with Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian.

Into the Bends of Time is a 40-minute work in seven movements for a large chamber orchestra with electronics, utilizing real-time computer-assisted processing of music performed by live musicians. The piece explores various combinations of interactive relationships between players and electronics, ranging from relatively basic processing effects to musical gestures achieved through stages of computer analysis, in which resulting sounds are crafted according to parameters of the incoming musical material. Additionally, some elements of interaction are multi-dimensional, in that they rely on the participation of two or more performers fulfilling distinct roles in the interactive process with the computer in order to generate musical material. Through processes of controlled randomness, several electronic effects induce elements of chance into their realization so that no two performances of this work are exactly alike. The piece gets its name from the notion that real-time computer-assisted processing, in which sound pressure waves are transduced into electrical energy, converted to digital data, artfully modified, converted back into electrical energy and transduced into sound waves, represents a “bending” of time.

The Bill Evans Trio featuring bassist Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul Motian is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential piano trios in the history of jazz, lauded for its unparalleled level of group interaction. Most analyses of Bill Evans’ recordings, however, focus on his playing alone and fail to take group interaction into account. This paper examines one performance in particular, of Victor Young’s “My Foolish Heart” as recorded in a live performance by the Bill Evans Trio in 1961. In Part One, I discuss Steve Larson’s theory of musical forces (expanded by Robert S. Hatten) and its applicability to jazz performance. I examine other recordings of ballads by this same trio in order to draw observations about normative ballad performance practice. I discuss meter and phrase structure and show how the relationship between the two is fixed in a formal structure of repeated choruses. I then develop a model of perpetual motion based on the musical forces inherent in this structure. In Part Two, I offer a full transcription and close analysis of “My Foolish Heart,” showing how elements of group interaction work with and against the musical forces inherent in the model of perpetual motion to achieve an unconventional, dynamic use of double-time. I explore the concept of a unified agential persona and discuss its role in imparting the song’s inherent rhetorical tension to the instrumental musical discourse.

Bill Loftus and Lauren McCarthy measuring fish in Shark River

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. This image is made available for non-commercial or educational use only.

Bill Loftus and Lauren McCarthy electrofishing in Shark River

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. This image is made available for non-commercial or educational use only.

Bill Loftus electrofishing in Shark River

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. This image is made available for non-commercial or educational use only.

Corel Geological Drafting Kit (CGDK) - an extensible CorelDRAW VBA program for geological drafting

Corel Geological Drafting Kit (CGDK), a program written in VBA, has been designed to assist geologists and geochemists with their drafting work. It obtains geological data from a running Excel application directly, and uses the data to plot geochemical diagrams and to construct stratigraphic columns. The software also contains functions for creating stereographic projections and rose diagrams, which can be used for spatial analysis, on a calibrated geological map. The user-friendly program has been tested to work with CorelDRAW 13 - 14 - 15 and Excel 2003 - 2007.

The effects of sympatry on patterns of bill morphology between closely related species of birds, worldwide

When closely related species co-occur in sympatry, they face a significant challenge. They must adapt to the same local conditions in their shared environment, which favours the convergent evolution of traits, while simultaneously minimizing the costs of competition for shared resources that typically favours the divergent evolution of traits. Here, we use a comparative sister lineage approach to test how most species have responded to these conflicting selection pressures in sympatry, focusing on a key ecological trait: the bill morphology of birds. If similar bill morphologies incur fitness costs due to species interactions, then we predicted that the bill morphologies of closely related species would differ more in sympatry compared with allopatry. Alternatively, if similar bill morphologies incur fitness benefits due to local adaptation, then we predicted that the bill morphologies would be more similar in sympatry compared with allopatry. We used museum specimens to measure five aspects of bill (maxilla) morphology – depth, length, width, side shape, and bottom shape – in diverse bird species from around the world to test our alternative hypotheses. We found support for both divergent evolution and convergent evolution (or trait retention) in one ecological trait: closely related sympatric species diverged in bill depth, but converged in side shape. These patterns of bill evolution were influenced by the genetic distance between closely related sister taxa and the geographic distance between allopatric lineages. Overall, our results highlight species interactions as an important mechanism for the evolution of some (bill depth), but not all (bill shape), aspects of bill morphology in closely related species in sympatry, and provide strong support for the bill as a key ecological trait that can adapt in different ways to the conflicting challenges of sympatry.

Highbury Group Statement on Housing and Planning Bill

Briefing for members of House of Lords on Housing and Planning Bill

Commentary on the Booksellers' Bill (1737)

This Bill marks the first occasion on which the British legislature proposed to confer upon authors a lifetime interest in their literary works (with an additional eleven year post-mortem term vesting in their estates), as well as limited rights of translation and abridgement. In addition the draft legislation proposed to render null and void any contract purporting to assign an author's rights to another for a period of longer than ten years.
The commentary describes the background to the Bill, and in particular the attempts of the London book trade to secure more extensive legislative protection in both 1735 and 1737. It argues that the 1737 Bill is significant precisely because it was never made into law, and because it did not suit the best interests of the metropolitan booksellers. Instead, the book trade increasingly turned to the courts to further secure their commercial interests, giving rise to what is commonly referred to as the ‘battle of the booksellers' throughout the next 40 years.

A Computer Model of Drafting Effects on Collective Behavior in Elite 10,000 m Runners

Purpose Drafting in cycling influences collective behaviour of pelotons. Whilst evidence for collective behaviour in competitive running events exists, it is not clear if this results from energetic savings conferred by drafting. This study modelled the effects of drafting on behavior in elite 10,000 m runners. Methods Using performance data from a men’s elite 10,000 m track running event, computer simulations were constructed using Netlogo 5.1 to test the effects of three different drafting quantities on collective behaviour: no drafting, drafting to 3m behind with up to ~8% energy savings (a realistic running draft); and drafting up to 3m behind with up to 38% energy savings (a realistic cycling draft). Three measures of collective behaviour were analysed in each condition; mean speed, mean group stretch (distance between first and last placed runner), and Runner Convergence Ratio (RCR) which represents the degree of drafting benefit obtained by the follower in a pair of coupled runners. Results Mean speeds were 6.32±0.28m.s-1, 5.57±0.18 m.s-1, and 5.51±0.13 m.s-1 in the cycling draft, runner draft, and no draft conditions respectively (all P<0.001). RCR was lower in the cycling draft condition, but did not differ between the other two. Mean stretch did not differ between conditions. Conclusions Collective behaviours observed in running events cannot be fully explained through energetic savings conferred by realistic drafting benefits. They may therefore result from other, possibly psychological, processes. The benefits or otherwise of engaging in such behavior are, as yet, unclear.

”Buffalo Bill and his Wild West Show”. William F. ”Buffalo Bill” Codyn ja hänen Villin lännen show’nsa julkisuuskuva yhdysvaltalaisessa aikalaislehdistössä vuosina 1883 ̶ 1913.

Tässä tutkielmassa tutkin yhdysvaltalaisen aikalaislehdistön lukijoilleen välittämää julkisuuskuvaa Buffalo Billistä ja hänen Villin lännen show’staan sen toiminnan aikana 1883 ̶ 1913. Primääriaineistona käytän The New York Timesiä, mutta lisäksi hyödynnän myös pienempiä paikallislehtiä täydentämään kuvaa. William F. ”Buffalo Bill” Cody on yksi Villin lännen tunnetuimmista hahmoista ja hänen suurin saavutuksensa oli sen legendojen tekeminen tutuksi maailmanlaajuiselle yleisölle. Villin lännen show’n ohjelma koostui viidestä pääteemasta: ratsastustaidoista, ampumataidoista, eläinnäytöksistä, näytelmistä sekä tasankointiaanien ja valkoisten välisistä konflikteista. Tutkitulla ajanjaksolla aikalaislehdistön kuvaukset osoittautuivat hyvin myönteisiksi show’ta kohtaan ja kilpailijoista huolimatta se oli The New York Timesin mukaan ”the only and original Wild West”. Show’ta mainostettiin koko perheelle sopivana ja sen esityksissä vieraili vuosien aikana miljoonia katsojia. Ohjelman kantavana ideana oli kuitenkin väkivallan välttämättömyys lännen valloittamisessa. Samalla show’hun kuuluneet intiaanit esiteltiin areenalla ja lehdistössä hyvin stereotyyppisinä vihollisina, maalattuina ja verenhimoisina. Lehdistö, joka välitti lukijoilleen varsin intensiivisiä kuvauksia tapahtumista showareenalla, huolestui esityksien vaikutuksista lapsiin ja nuoriin. Buffalo Billin yhteistyökumppanit rakensivat hänelle sankarillisen imagon viihderomaanien ja show’n avulla. Riitaisan avioeroprosessin myötä ennen niin hyvä julkisuuskuva lehdistössä alkoi murentua, kun naisseikkailut ja muut salaisuudet tulivat päivänvaloon. Suurista tuloista huolimatta Buffalo Billillä oli vaikeuksia hallita talouttaan anteliaisuutensa ja huonojen sijoituksien vuoksi. Iän karttuessa ja terveyden heikentyessä hänen roolinsa show’ssa väheni, minkä seurauksena myös median kiinnostus alkoi hiipua. Villin lännen show ajautui konkurssiin vuonna 1913, mutta sitä ennen se kiersi lukuisat kaupungit Pohjois-Amerikassa ja Euroopassa. Aikalaislehdistön mukaan Buffalo Bill ja show olivat tehneet suuren vaikutuksen Yhdysvaltojen entiseen siirtomaaisäntään Britanniaan ja seuraava askel on vertailla näiden kahden maan lehdistön suhtautumista esitykseen.

Transcript on the subject of the Bureau of Employment Agencies, and Assembly bill 3181 (Kapiloff), and Assembly bill 3297 (Sieroty) : public hearing on October 26, 1976, State Capitol, Room 4202, Sacramento, California /

Cover title.

Colorado Ute Water Settlement Bill : joint hearing before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, on S. 1415 ... December 3, 1987, Washington, DC.

Bibliography: p. 463-464.

Music of Today: 80 and 90 Stuart Dempster William O. "Bill" Smith October 26, 2016

Concert Program