Idrottsämnet och ämnessamverkan : Idrottslärares attityder och förutsättningar till ämnessamverkan

Our interest about interdisciplinary teaching has grown during our time at Högskolan Dalarna and especially during the subject physical education. It became clear that people learn in different ways. The theoretical education in school benefits the visual and auditory strong learners but the kinesthetic strong learners find it more difficult to absorb the information. We argue that integrating subjects is a good way to mix theory and practice and thus gives more students an opportunity to learn the content of the subject. The intention of this examination paper is to investigate the relationship between the attitudes of the teachers regarding interdisciplinary teaching, the practical restrains, possibilities and the presence of interdisciplinary teaching at three different schools. Semi-structured interviews with six physical educators and three principals have been performed. An ad-hoc method has been used, with categorizing (teachers), and narrative (principals). Teachers and principal’s definitions of, the pros and cons for, and the actual presence of interdisciplinary teaching have been investigated. The main results of our studies are: 1) That teachers and principals define interdisciplinary teaching as thematic work. 2) Teachers experience lack of time for collective planning due to others duties. 3) Teachers and principals understanding of physical education makes it difficult to integrate physical education with other subjects. Some of the conclusions from this study are that interdisciplinary teaching must be voluntary. Conditions to practice interdisciplinary teaching must be sufficient, e.g regarding collective planning time. An increased presence of interdisciplinary teaching that includes physical education requires a new understanding of physical education.

Game Audio in Audio Games : Towards a Theory on the Roles and Functions of Sound in Audio Games

For the past few decades, researchers have increased our understanding of how sound functions within various audio–visual media formats. With a different focus in mind, this study aims to identify the roles and functions of sound in relation to the game form Audio Games, in order to explore the potential of sound when acting as an autonomous narrative form. Because this is still a relatively unexplored research field, the main purpose of this study is to help establish a theoretical ground and stimulate further research within the field of audio games. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, this research relies on theoretical studies, examinations of audio games and contact with the audio game community. In order to reveal the roles of sound, the gathered data is analyzed according to both a contextual and a functional perspective. The research shows that a distinction between the terms ‘function’ and ‘role’ is important when analyzing sound in digital games. The analysis therefore results in the identification of two analytical levels that help define the functions and roles of an entity within a social context, named the Functional and the Interfunctional levels. In addition to successfully identifying three main roles of sound within audio games—each describing the relationship between sound and the entities game system, player and virtual environment—many other issues are also addressed. Consequently, and in accordance with its purpose, this study provides a broad foundation for further research of sound in both audio games and video games.

Prevalência de perda auditiva em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso

Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de alterações auditivas em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e estudar as variáveis que possam estar relacionadas com as alterações da acui-dade auditiva. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu todos os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso admitidos na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre no período de 1o de setembro de 2001 a 31 de janeiro de 2002. To-dos os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame de otoemissão acústica evocada por produto de distorção no momento da alta hospitalar. O exame foi repetido em 30 dias quando havia alte-ração no primeiro exame. Quando o paciente apresentava o exame de otoemissão acústica al-terada em duas ocasiões, era realizado o potencial auditivo evocado cerebral, considerado al-terado a partir de 35 dB NA. Resultados: foram estudados 96 recém-nascidos. Seis tiveram tanto o exame de otoemissão acústica quanto o potencial auditivo evocado cerebral alterados. A média da idade gestacional foi de 31,5 ± 2,6 semanas, o peso de nascimento variou de 640 a 1.500 g e 57,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. A idade gestacional e o índice de Apgar no 5o minuto foram inferiores no grupo otoemissão acústica e potencial auditivo evocado cerebral alterados em relação aos demais grupos, atingindo significância limítrofe. Conclusões: a prevalência de perda auditiva nos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso da Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foi de 6,3%, tendo sido observadas associações de significância limítrofe com idade gestacional e índice de Apgar no 5o minuto.

Os determinantes morfogenéticos da linguagem expressiva

O presente trabalho parte de uma reinterpretação dos determinantes e da organização da linguagem expressiva em indivíduos portadores de deficiência da audição. Neste sentido, submete a uma análise crítica as condições de estruturação e aquisição de um sistema de comunicação simbólica de natureza essencialmente verbal por parte de tais indivíduos. Avalia, em particular modo, a perspectiva de uma organização fonológica do discurso em portadores de surdez profunda “pré-linguagem~, como um processo que ultrapassa as possibilidades d e uma mera aprendizagem. A linguagem vista então como um processo semiótico de natureza percepto-expressiva, que se estabelece ao longo do desenvolvimento filogenético e ontogenético é assim interpretada, a luz de um novo modelo teórico sobre a Cognição Humana . Tal modelo, pautado em contribuições da Cibernética, da Lógica, da Linguística e da Epistemologia Genética, estabelece plataformas morfogenéticas, a partir das quais o psiquismo se organizaria. Desta maneira, 2 (dois) objetivos essenciais pretendem ser atingidos no presente e s tudo. 1º ) oferecer uma base teórica à dinâmica e processual cognitivo em que o surdo se vê envolvido ao longo da aprendizagem de um sistema verbal-simbólico - à luz de uma hipótese pré-formista, de base morfogenética. 2º) avaliar, a partir da linguagem expressiva escrita apresentada por deficientes auditivos com perda profunda ~pré-linguagem", a hipótese formulada por F. Lo P. Seminério (1980) "de uma memória morfogenética na espécie humana", a partir do que, toda a atividade cognitiva se organizaria, passando a operar segundo estruturas-código, pré-fixadas. A fim de confirmar as proposições estabelecidas, apresenta - se uma Verificação Empírica através de estudos exploratórios realizados com 6 (seis) sujeitos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a existência de um marco seletivo e organizador de natureza audio-fonética, também entre indivíduos surdos. Constata-se que a informação veiculada é capaz de ser tratada, programada e recuperada linguisticamente, ainda que sem a possibilidade de um mecanismo de retroalimentação ao sistema que se desenvolve. O que equivale a dizer, que o indivíduo surdo apesar de não ouvir, programa à nível áudio-fonético, programação essa que vem a ser recuperada ou atualizada graças aos recursos e técnicas pedagógicas especializadas. Tais resultados sugerem uma reavaliação dos métodos psicopedagógicos usuais nesta área, podendo-se retomar sob nova orientação o debate de temas atuais, nas diretrizes das técnicas e do instrumental utilizado.

Estudo da prevalência e das características do zumbido em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído ocupacional

Introdução: O zumbido é definido como uma sensação auditiva ilusória sem a presença de um som externo. Acomete homens e mulheres, mais comumente entre 40 e 70 anos de idade, às vezes podendo ocorrer em crianças. Análises de dados epidemiológicos indicam que a exposição ao ruído é uma das causas mais comuns de zumbido. Objetivos: Os objetivos gerais deste estudo foram verificar a prevalência do zumbido em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído ocupacional e avaliar a freqüência e a intensidade do zumbido. Os objetivos específicos foram avaliar a gravidade do zumbido; analisar a presença do zumbido por sexo, cor, idade e tempo de trabalho com exposição ao ruído e analisar a relação do zumbido com as freqüências mais acometidas na audiometria e com a presença e grau da perda auditiva, independente do nexo da perda. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal para o qual foram selecionados 362 prontuários de trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional ≥80dB(NA)/8h diárias. Estes trabalhadores haviam sido submetidos a meatoscopia, anamnese clínica e ocupacional, audiometria de via aérea, avaliação de freqüência e intensidade do zumbido e à escala de avaliação da gravidade do zumbido. Conclusão: A prevalência do zumbido foi de 9,9%. Nas análises de regressão conclui-se que trabalhadores com presença de perda auditiva em pelo menos um dos ouvidos têm 2,396 vezes mais chances de ter zumbido quando comparados com os que não tem perda auditiva. Os trabalhadores com faixa etária acima ou igual a 30 anos tem 5,353 vezes mais chances de ter perda auditiva em pelo menos um dos ouvidos quando comparados com os de faixa etária menor que 30 anos. Com relação ao tempo de trabalho em contato com o ruído, a analise estatística revela que trabalhadores com diferença de 1 ano no tempo de trabalho em contato com ruído tem um risco 5,3 % (OR=1,053) maior de apresentar perda auditiva.

Local Field Potentials in the Gustatory Cortex Carry Taste Information

It has been recently shownthat localfield potentials (LFPs)fromthe auditory and visual cortices carry information about sensory stimuli, but whether this is a universal property of sensory cortices remains to be determined. Moreover, little is known about the temporal dynamics of sensory information contained in LFPs following stimulus onset. Here we investigated the time course of the amount of stimulus information in LFPs and spikes from the gustatory cortex of awake rats subjected to tastants and water delivery on the tongue. We found that the phase and amplitude of multiple LFP frequencies carry information about stimuli, which have specific time courses after stimulus delivery. The information carried by LFP phase and amplitude was independent within frequency bands, since the joint information exhibited neither synergy nor redundancy. Tastant information in LFPs was also independent and had a different time course from the information carried by spikes. These findings support the hypothesis that the brain uses different frequency channels to dynamically code for multiple features of a stimulus.

Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de ontologias para processos petroquímicos : estudo de caso em uma planta DEA

In the last decades, the oil, gas and petrochemical industries have registered a series of huge accidents. Influenced by this context, companies have felt the necessity of engaging themselves in processes to protect the external environment, which can be understood as an ecological concern. In the particular case of the nuclear industry, sustainable education and training, which depend too much on the quality and applicability of the knowledge base, have been considered key points on the safely application of this energy source. As a consequence, this research was motivated by the use of the ontology concept as a tool to improve the knowledge management in a refinery, through the representation of a fuel gas sweetening plant, mixing many pieces of information associated with its normal operation mode. In terms of methodology, this research can be classified as an applied and descriptive research, where many pieces of information were analysed, classified and interpreted to create the ontology of a real plant. The DEA plant modeling was performed according to its process flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagrams, descriptive documents of its normal operation mode, and the list of all the alarms associated to the instruments, which were complemented by a non-structured interview with a specialist in that plant operation. The ontology was verified by comparing its descriptive diagrams with the original plant documents and discussing with other members of the researchers group. All the concepts applied in this research can be expanded to represent other plants in the same refinery or even in other kind of industry. An ontology can be considered a knowledge base that, because of its formal representation nature, can be applied as one of the elements to develop tools to navigate through the plant, simulate its behavior, diagnose faults, among other possibilities

Gerenciamento de alarmes em plataformas marítimas de produção de hidrocarbonetos: metodologia e estudo de caso

In the operational context of industrial processes, alarm, by definition, is a warning to the operator that an action with limited time to run is required, while the event is a change of state information, which does not require action by the operator, therefore should not be advertised, and only stored for analysis of maintenance, incidents and used for signaling / monitoring (EEMUA, 2007). However, alarms and events are often confused and improperly configured similarly by developers of automation systems. This practice results in a high amount of pseudo-alarms during the operation of industrial processes. The high number of alarms is a major obstacle to improving operational efficiency, making it difficult to identify problems and increasing the time to respond to abnormalities. The main consequences of this scenario are the increased risk to personal safety, facilities, environment deterioration and loss of production. The aim of this paper is to present a philosophy for setting up a system of supervision and control, developed with the aim of reducing the amount of pseudo-alarms and increase reliability of the information that the system provides. A real case study was conducted in the automation system of the offshore production of hydrocarbons from Petrobras in Rio Grande do Norte, in order to validate the application of this new methodology. The work followed the premises of the tool presented in ISA SP18.2. 2009, called "life cycle alarm . After the implementation of methodology there was a significant reduction in the number of alarms

Análise das manifestações auditivas em individuos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

Objective: To determine the prevalence of auditory manifestations in individuals with hypertension and analyze the association between hearing loss, systemic hypertension and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Method: This was a prospective, observational, case-control study, carried out from June 2010 to December 2013 at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, in Natal, Brazil, which involved 120 patients of both sexes were analyzed with a diagnosis of hypertension and 120 patients without a diagnosis of hypertension. The audiological function was assessed by tonal and vocal audiometry. The quality of life was defines by the MINICHAL BRASIL questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss was high in both groups (82.5 % and 75.8 %, in hypertension group and control, respectively, p=0.003). The sensorineural was the most common type of hearing loss (48.5 %) in hypertension group while conductive hearing loss was predominant (61.5 %) in the control group. There were no difference in the intensity of hearing loss between the groups (p=0,21). The main hearing complaint was hearing loss (51 %), followed by ear pain (14 %). There was worse quality of life in hypertensive individuals with hearing loss (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Hypertensive individuals showed higher prevalence of auditory events, including hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is predominant . Hearing loss is associated with worse quality of life of hypertensive individuals even when these pressure values are within normal limits

Role of midbrain in the control of breathing in anuran amphibians

The present study was designed to explore systematically the midbrain of unanesthetized, decerebrate anuran amphibians (bullfrogs), using chemical and electrical stimulation and midbrain transections to identify sites capable of exciting and inhibiting breathing. Ventilation was measured as fictive motor output from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and the laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve. The results of our transection studies suggest that, under resting conditions, the net effect of inputs from sites within the rostral half of the midbrain is to increase fictive breathing frequency, whereas inputs from sites within the caudal half of the midbrain have no net effect on fictive breathing frequency but appear to act on the medullary central rhythm generator to produce episodic breathing. The results of our stimulation experiments indicate that the principal sites in the midbrain that are capable of exciting or inhibiting the fictive frequency of lung ventilation, and potentially clustering breaths into episodes, appear to be those primarily involved in visual and auditory integration, motor functions, and attentional state.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise: semelhanças entre o modelo de adaptação e a NANDA internacional

The nurses in the hemodialysis has an important role in the nursing process implementation, in the context of a theoretical referential. Among the nursing theories, highlights the Roy´s adaptations model, who considers a person as an holistic adaptive system that aims to adapt customers to different living conditions. Thus, it is believed that the Roy´s nursing process will guide nursing care to patients on dialysis. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the nursing diagnosis present in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis based on the theoretical model of Roy and NANDA-International. Descriptive and cros-sectional study, performed at a dialysis center in a city in northeastern Brazil. Sample of 178 patients and consecutive sampling by convenience. Data collection ocurred from October/2011 until February/2012, through interview and physical examination forms. Data analysis was initiated by clinical reasoning, diagnosis judgment and similarity relation. Then, the data were entered into SPSS program, 16.0 version, generating descriptive statistics. The project was approved by the Ethics Research Committee (protocol nº 115/11) with a Presentation Certificate for Ethics Appreciation (in 0139.0.051.000-111) and was funded by the Universal edict MCT / CNPq 14/2010. The results revealed that most patients were male (52.2%), married (62.9%) and residents in the Natal´s metropolitan region (54.5%). The mean age was 46.6 years and the years of study, 8,5. Regarding nursing diagnosis obtained an average of 6.6, especially: Risk of Infection (100%), excessive fluid volume (99.4%) and hypothermia (61.8%). On the other hand the adaptive problems average was 6.4, and the most common: intracellular fluid retention (99.4%); Hyperkalemia (64.6%); Hypothermia (61.8%) and edema (53.9%). Were established 20 similarity relations between the NANDA-International nursing diagnosis and adaptive problems of Roy, namely: risk of falls / injury risk and potential for injury, impaired physical mobility and walking mobility and / or restricted coordination, dressing self-care deficit and loss of self-care ability; hypothermia and hypothermia; impaired skin integrity and impaired skin integrity; excessive fluid volume and intracellular fluid retention / Hyperkalemia / Hypocalcemia / edema; imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements and Nutrition less than the body's needs; constipation and constipation, acute pain and acute pain, chronic pain and chronic pain, sensorial perception disturbed: visual, tactile and auditory disabilities and a primary sense: sight, hearing and tactile; sleep deprivation and insomnia, fatigue and intolerance to activities; ineffective self health and fails in the role; sexual dysfunction and sexual dysfunction; situational low self-esteem and low self-esteem, and diarrhea and diarrhea. We conclude that there is similarity between the typologies and was required a model´s analysis, because they present different ways to establish the nursing diagnosis. Moreover, the nursing process use, under the context of a theory and a classification system, subsidizes the care and contributes to the strengthening of nursing science

Qualidade do serviço de informação digital :um estudo exploratório em web sites de Programas de Pós-Graduação

This dissertation of Mestrado investigated the performance and quality of web sites. The target of the research is the proposal of an integrated model of evaluation of services of digital information in web educational sites. The universe of the research was constituted by eighteen Brazilian Universities that offer after-graduation courses, in the levels of mestrado and doutorado in the area of Engineering of Production. The adopted methodology was a descriptive and exploratory research, using the technique of systematic comment and focus group, for the collection of the data, using itself changeable independent dependents and, through the application of two instruments of research. The analysis protocol was the instrument adopted for evaluation and attainment of qualitative results. E the analysis grating was applied for evaluation and attainment of the quantitative results. The qualitative results had identified to the lack of standardization of web sites, under the attributes of content, hierarchy of information, design of the colors and letters. It of accessibility for carriers of auditory and visual special necessities was observed inexistence, as well as the lack of convergence of medias and assistivas technologies. The language of the sites also was evaluated and all present Portuguese only language. The general result demonstrated in grafico and tables with classification of the Universities, predominating the Good note As for the quantitative results, analysis method ed was estatistico, in order to get the descriptive and inferencial result between the dependent and independent variaveis. How much a category of analysis of the services of the evaluated sites, was found it props up and the index generality weighed. These results had served of base for ranking of existence or inexistence the Universities, how much of the information of services in its web sites. In analysis inferencial the result of the test of correlation or association of the independent variaveis (level, concept of the CAPES and period of existence of the program) with the caracteristicas, called was gotten categories of services. For this analysis the estatisticos methods had been used: coefficient of Spearman and the Test of Fisher. But the category you discipline of the Program of Mestrado presented significance with variavel independent and concept of the CAPES. Main conclusion of this study it was ausencia of satandardization o how much to the subjective aspects, design, hierarchy of information navigability and content precision and the accessibility inexistence and convergence. How much to the quantitative aspects, the information services offered by web sites of the evaluated Universities, still they do not present a satisfactory and including quality. Absence of strategies, adoption of tools web, techniques of institucional marketing and services that become them more interactive, navigable is perceived and with aggregate value

Proposta de um sistema de segurança eletrônica predial

This work presents a suggestion of a security system of land automation having as objective main the creation of a system capable from easy method, supervise the installations of a building with the goal to preserver security personal and patrimonial necessities, aim at portability low cost and use easiness. Was designed an alarms central and access controller that has digital and analogical inputs for sensors and outputs for buzzer, telephonic dialing and electronic lock. The system is supervised by software that makes solicitations of information to the alarms central through the one computer's serial port (RS-232). The supervisory software was developed in platform LabVIEW with displays the received data on a graphical interface informing the sensors' current states distributed in the building and system events as alarns occurrences. This system also can be viewed through the Internet for people registered by the land security's system administrator

Implantação de um sistema de detecção de vazamentos em oleodutos com tratamento de alarmes falsos

The pumping of fluids in pipelines is the most economic and safe form of transporting fluids. That explains why in Europe there was in 1999 about 30.000 Km [7] of pipelines of several diameters, transporting millíons of cubic meters of crude oil end refined products, belonging to COCAWE (assaciation of companies of petroleum of Europe for health, environment and safety, that joint several petroleum companies). In Brazil they are about 18.000 Km of pipelines transporting millions of cubic meters of liquids and gases. In 1999, nine accidents were registered to COCAWE. Among those accidents one brought a fatal victim. The oil loss was of 171 m3, equivalent to O,2 parts per million of the total of the transported volume. Same considering the facts mentioned the costs involved in ao accident can be high. An accident of great proportions can bríng loss of human lives, severe environmental darnages, loss of drained product, loss . for dismissed profit and damages to the image of the company high recovery cost. In consonance with that and in some cases for legal demands, the companies are, more and more, investing in systems of Leak detection in pipelines based on computer algorithm that operate in real time, seeking wíth that to minimize still more the drained volumes. This decreases the impacts at the environment and the costs. In general way, all the systems based on softWare present some type of false alarm. In general a commitment exists betWeen the sensibílity of the system and the number of false alarms. This work has as objective make a review of thé existent methods and to concentrate in the analysis of a specific system, that is, the system based on hydraulic noise, Pressure Point Analyzis (PPA). We will show which are the most important aspects that must be considered in the implementation of a Leak Detection System (LDS), from the initial phase of the analysis of risks passing by the project bases, design, choice of the necessary field instrumentation to several LDS, implementation and tests. We Will make na analysis of events (noises) originating from the flow system that can be generator of false alarms and we will present a computer algorithm that restricts those noises automatically

Métricas de desempenho para sistema de alarmes de processos industriais

The evolution of automation in recent years made possible the continuous monitoring of the processes of industrial plants. With this advance, the amount of information that automation systems are subjected to increased significantly. The alarms generated by the monitoring equipment are a major contributor to this increase, and the equipments are usually deployed in industrial plants without a formal methodology, which entails an increase in the number of alarms generated, thus overloading the alarm system and therefore the operators of such plants. In this context, the works of alarm management comes up with the objective of defining a formal methodology for installation of new equipment and detect problems in existing settings. This thesis aims to propose a set of metrics for the evaluation of alarm systems already deployed, so that you can identify the health of this system by analyzing the proposed indices and comparing them with parameters defined in the technical norms of alarm management. In addition, the metrics will track the work of alarm management, verifying if it is improving the quality of the alarm system. To validate the proposed metrics, data from actual process plants of the petrochemical industry were used