A study on the economic efficiency of hydrogen production from biomass residues in China

As part of Pilot Project of KIP of CAS, a feasibility study of hydrogen production system using biomass residues is conducted. This study is based on a process of oxygen-rich air gasification of biomass in a downdraft gasifier plus CO-shift. The capacity of this system is 6.4 t biomass/d. Applying this system, it is expected that an annual production of 480 billion N m(3) H-2 will be generated for domestic supply in China. The capital cost of the plant used in this study is 1328$/(N m(3)/h) H-2 out, and product supply cost is 0.15$/N m(3) H-2. The cost sensitivity analysis on this system tells that electricity and catalyst cost are the two most important factors to influence hydrogen production cost.

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF SINGLE SUBMONOLAYER INAS STRUCTURES GROWN ON GAAS (001) MATRIX

Optical properties of single submonolayer InAs structures grown on GaAs (001) matrix are systematically investigated by means of photoluminescence acid time-resolved photoluminescence, It is shown that the formation of InAs dots with 1 ML height leads to localization of excitons under certain submonolayer InAs coverages, which play a key role in the highly improved luminescence efficiency of the submonolayer InAs/GaAs structures. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.

四种植物粘液繁殖体粘液的比较研究

对百里香 (Thymusserpyllum )、平车前 (Plantagodepressa)、盐生车前 (P maritima)、野亚麻(Linumstelleroides)进行了粘液繁殖体粘液情况比较 .以在水浸和浇水条件下植物种子粘沙量的多少衡量粘液量 .结果表明 ,对于不同浸水时间处理 ,野亚麻和平车前未表现明显差异 ,盐生车前和百里香有随浸泡时间加长而粘液溶出量增多的趋势 .对于不同浇水量处理 ,4种植物均有随浇水量增多而粘液增多的倾向 .浸泡 80min后 ,盐生车前种子的粘液粘沙使重量达原重的 6 0多倍 ,平车前种子达原重的 10倍左右 ,百里香和野亚麻种子达原重的 4～ 6倍左右 .浇水 8mm后 ,盐生车前种子的粘液粘沙使重量达原重的 2 0多倍 ,平车前种子达原重的 6～ 10倍左右 ,百里香和野亚麻种子达原重的 2～ 7倍左右 .将各种处理平均 ,得到各种植物粘沙种子百分率为 :野亚麻 6 7 7% ,百里香 94 5 % ,平车前 97 7% ,盐生车前 99 5 % .

Electrochemical Detection of Hydrazine Based on Electrospun Palladium Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanofibers

In this work, we developed an electrochemical method for the detection of hydrazine based oil palladium nanoparticle/carbon nanofibers (Pd/CNFs). Pd/CNFs were prepared by electrospinning technique and subsequent thermal treatments. The electrocatalytic behaviors of Pd/CNFs modified glassy carbon electrode (Pd/CNF-GCE) for hydrazine oxidation were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), an obvious and well-defined oxidation peak appeared at -0.32 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The mechanism of the oxidation of hydrazine at Pd/CNF-GCE was also studied, which demonstrated an irreversible diffusion-controlled electrode process and a four-electron transfer involved in the overall reaction. Furthermore, the wide linear range, low detection limit, good reproducibility and excellent storage stability were obtained utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

High strength Ni based composite reinforced by solid solution W(Al) obtained by powder metallurgy

The solid-solution-particle reinforced W(Al)-Ni composites were successfully fabricated by using mechanical alloying (MA) and hot-pressing (HP) technique when the content of Ni is between 45 wt% and 55 wt%. Besides, samples of various original component ratio of Al50W50 to Ni have been fabricated, and the corresponding microcomponents and mechanical properties such as microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and elongation were characterized and discussed. The optimum ultimate tensile strength under the experiment conditions is 1868 MPa with elongation of 10.21 % and hardness of 6.62 GPa. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDS) were given to analysis the components and morphology of the composite bulk specimens.

稀土离子4f轨道和配位体的共价行为研究

稀土离子4f轨道是否参与成键是一个引入注目的课题,多年来一直存在不同见解。一种认为不参与成键,理由是由于5s,5p壳层的屏蔽,4f轨道位于内壳层,并且到目前为止,分子轨道理论计算结果表明4f轨道不参与成键。另一种认为可以形成较弱的共价键,并发展了一种角重迭模型利角参数来研究共价行为,但是具体共价行为的数量级尚未有明确结论。我们在

地理信息系统支持下的滑坡灾害空间分析预测-以云南小江流域为例

As a typical geological and environmental hazard, landslide has been causing more and more property and life losses. However, to predict its accurate occurring time is very difficult or even impossible due to landslide's complex nature. It has been realized that it is not a good solution to spend a lot of money to treat with and prevent landslide. The research trend is to study landslide's spatial distribution and predict its potential hazard zone under certain region and certain conditions. GIS(Geographical Information System) is a power tools for data management, spatial analysis based on reasonable spatial models and visualization. It is new and potential study field to do landslide hazard analysis and prediction based on GIS. This paper systematically studies the theory and methods for GIS based landslide hazard analysis. On the basis of project "Mountainous hazard study-landslide and debris flows" supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and the former study foundation, this paper carries out model research, application, verification and model result analysis. The occurrence of landslide has its triggering factors. Landslide has its special landform and topographical feature which can be identify from field work and remote sensing image (aerial photo). Historical record of landslide is the key to predict the future behaviors of landslide. These are bases for landslide spatial data base construction. Based on the plenty of literatures reviews, the concept framework of model integration and unit combinations is formed. Two types of model, CF multiple regression model and landslide stability and hydrological distribution coupled model are bought forward. CF multiple regression model comes form statistics and possibility theory based on data. Data itself contains the uncertainty and random nature of landslide hazard, so it can be seen as a good method to study and understand landslide's complex feature and mechanics. CF multiple regression model integrates CF (landslide Certainty Factor) and multiple regression prediction model. CF can easily treat with the problems of data quantifying and combination of heteroecious data types. The combination of CF can assist to determine key landslide triggering factors which are then inputted into multiple regression model. CF regression model can provide better prediction results than traditional model. The process of landslide can be described and modeled by suitable physical and mechanical model. Landslide stability and hydrological distribution coupled model is such a physical deterministic model that can be easily used for landslide hazard analysis and prediction. It couples the general limit equilibrium method and hydrological distribution model based on DEM, and can be used as a effective approach to predict the occurrence of landslide under different precipitation conditions as well as landslide mechanics research. It can not only explain pre-existed landslides, but also predict the potential hazard region with environmental conditions changes. Finally, this paper carries out landslide hazard analysis and prediction in Yunnan Xiaojiang watershed, including landslide hazard sensitivity analysis and regression prediction model based on selected key factors, determining the relationship between landslide occurrence possibility and triggering factors. The result of landslide hazard analysis and prediction by coupled model is discussed in details. On the basis of model verification and validation, the modeling results are showing high accuracy and good applying potential in landslide research.