Psicologia e pobreza no Brasil: limites e perspectivas da produção de conhecimento e atuação do psicólogo

Poverty is a main theme in Brazil: according to official data, poverty reachs 70 million Brazilian people, and, between them, 20 million are unable to provide their basic needs. Psychology, as a welfare profession, and given its historical concerns with social actions, could not be away from this theme. Based on this, we ask: Which answers Psychology can provide, toward both the production of knowledge and the practice about social reality? The purpose of this paper is to investigate the psychological scientific production on poverty and the propositions, limits and impacts of psychological actions. We carried out a three stages documental based study analyzing Brazilian psychological literature: (1) online databases survey (312 papers identified); (2) 109 scientific abstracts accessed and coded; (3) selected 47 scientific papers read and analyzed. Results are presented in three sections: general description of the selected scientific production; characterization of the role of poverty in psychological literature; and themes presented at the papers. The academic production about the main theme (poverty) is dispersed, heterogeneous, and related to other fields of knowledge. Poverty is presented at these studies in many ways, such as: a criterium for sample design and the assessment of its psychological impacts; reports on professional experience with poor population; descriptions of this population group; relationship between poverty and others social themes; developmental and learning problems of poor children. In general, it appears that Psychology has improved the scientific production and experiences with poor population. However, it is necessary to build up theories and technical innovations and also to understand structural boundaries for professional practice with this population group

Validação de metodologia para análise de aminas bioativas em camarão utilizando cromatografia de íons

In this study, we worked with the validation of a methodology for analysis of bioactive amines in shrimp, considering it to be one of the main products of the northriograndense trade balance, maintaining the state of Rio Grande do Norte topped the list of Brazilian exports of this product the last decade. The sector of the Brazilian shrimp works exclusively with gray shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei since the late 1990s. This study used liquid chromatography with conductimetric detector, using as the mobile phase methylsulfonic 3 mM acid (MSA) with gradient and phase C18 column with reverse the development of methodology for the analysis of bioactive amines in shrimp. In the sample preparation was used as 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction solution. Validation analysis of biotativas amines (putrescine - PUT, histamine - HIST, agmatine - AGM, spermidine - EPD and spermine - EPN) in shrimp, the linear working range was 0.1 to 2.0 mg L-1 to was sensitive, homoscedastic, in effect, selective, accurate and precise array. Thus, considered feasible for these determinations bioactive amines in this array. Determined the concentration of these amines in fresh shrimps (AGM = 0.61 ± 0.05 mg kg- 1 EPD = 2.57 ± 0.14 mg kg-1 and EPN = 1.79 ± 0.11 mg kg-1), and freezing weather predetermined in cooked shrimp (AGM = 6.28 ± 0.18 mg kg-1, EPD = 12.72 ± 0.02 mg kg- 1 and EPN = 22.30 ± 0.60 mg kg-1), the shrimp with twenty-four hour stay at room temperature (PUT = 879.52 ± 28.12 mg kg-1, AGM = 848.13 ± 19.40 mg kg-1, ESPD = 13.59 ± 0.97 mg kg-1 and ESPN = 18.47 + 1.57 mg kg-1). In shrimp subjected to freezing for a week, two weeks, three weeks and four weeks, the results showed that there is an increase in the content of agmatine (7.31 ± 0.21 mg kg-1) while in spermine ( 1.22 ± 0.14 mg kg-1) and spermidine (below limit of quantification) there was a decrease in the freeze time, while there is a decrease in the level of spermidine not reaching detectad. The putrescine was only found in shrimp that remained for 24 hours at room temperature and histamine was not found in any of the samples

Síntese, caracterização, propriedades e aplicação dos sistemas Mg- Al, Zn-Al e Mg-Fe

The Layered Double Hydroxides has become extremely promising materials due to its range of applications, easily obtained in the laboratory and reusability after calcination, so the knowledge regarding their properties is of utmost importance. In this study were synthesized layered double hydroxides of two systems, Mg-Al and Zn-Al, and such materials were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and, from these data, we determined the volume density, planar atomic density, size crystallite, lattice parameters, interplanar spacing and interlayer space available. Such materials were also subjected to thermogravimetric analysis reasons for heating 5, 10, 20 and 25 ° C / min to determine kinetic parameters for the formation of metaphases HTD and HTB based on theoretical models Ozawa, Flynn-Wall Starink and Model Free Kinetics. In addition, the layered double hydroxides synthesized in this working ratios were calcined heating 2.5 ° C / min and 20 ° C / min, and tested for adsorption of nitrate anion in aqueous solution batch system at time intervals 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h and 4h. Such calcined materials were also subjected to exposure to the atmosphere and at intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to study the kinetics of regeneration determining structural called "memory effect"

Síntese e caracterização de compostos de coordenação homolépticos e heterolépticos com o ligante ácido kójico

The present work has as main objective to contribute to the coordination chemistry of the ligand kojic acid, with the synthesis and characterization of the homoleptic compounds [Al(kj)3], [Fe(kj)3], [Fe(kj)2], [Cu(kj)2] e [Ru(kj)3], and the new heteroleptic complexes, trans- K2[Fe(kj)2(CN)2] and trans-Na2[Ru(kj)2(CN)2]. The obtained compounds were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region (IV) and Electronic spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (Uv-Vis). The infrared results indicated the coordination of the bidentate ligand kojic acid, due to reductions in the values of the stretching frequencies of the carbonyl and double bonds, compared to the free ligand for all complexes obtained. The presence of new vibrational modes indicated the change of symmetry of the molecules in the new compounds synthesized. Additionally, the presence of vibrational modes assigned to metal-oxygen also contributed to confirm the ligand coordinating to the metal ions. Through this technique, was also possible to perform correlations of the numbers of vibrational modes, in the region 1400-900 cm-1 and the compounds geometry. The heteroleptic compounds exhibited υC≡N in 2065 and 2053 cm-1, respectively, for the trans-K2[Fe(kj)2(CN)2] and trans-Na2[Ru(kj)2(CN)2], indicating coordination of the cyano ligand to metal ions FeII e RuII. Comparing the obtained values with literature data was possible to identify the complex isomerism as trans. In relation to the results of electronic spectroscopy, studies of pH variation of kojic acid provided information on the distribution of electron density in the molecule, showing characteristic spectral profile of kojic ion and its protonated form (Hkj, kojic acid), with two bands at 215 and 269 nm, or deprotonated (kj-), with bands at 226 and 315 nm. The electronic spectra obtained for all complexes in aqueous medium, in the ultraviolet region, exhibited variations of the energies assigned to kojic acid intraligand transitions while in the visible region, only transitions assigned to charge transfer of iron and ruthenium complex have been identified

Aplicação das técnicas eletroanalíticas (voltametria cíclica e de pulso diferencial) usando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro para o estudo da isoniazida, etambutol, rifampicina e pirazinamida

In this work a study was done using electrochemical cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry for isoniazida (INH), ethambutol (EMB), rifampicina (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) using the electrode boron-doped diamond (BDD) as working electrode. It also verified the applicability of the technique of differential pulse voltammetry in the quantification of the active compounds used in the treatment of tuberculosis, subsequently applying in samples of pharmaceutical formulation. Among the four active compounds studied, isoniazid showed the best results for the detection and quantification using differential pulse voltammetry. At pH 4 and pH 8, for the calibration curves to INH showed good linearity, with quantification limits of 6.15 mmol L-1 (0,844 ppm) and 4.08 mmol L-1 (0.560 ppm) for the respective pH. The proposed method can be used to determine drug isoniazid, for recovery values were obtained in approximately 100%

Estudo da influência do biodiesel de mamona como aditivo antioxidante para o biodiesel de girassol e soja

Biodiesel is a fuel made up by mono-alkyl-esters of long chain fatty acids, derived from vegetable oils or animal fat. This fuel can be used in compression ignition engines for automotive propulsion or energy generation, as a partial or total substitute of fossil diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be processed from different mechanisms. Transesterification is the most common process for obtaining biodiesel, in which an ester compound reacts with an alcohol to form a new ester and a new alcohol. These reactions are normally catalyzed by the addition of an acid or a base. Initially sunflower, castor and soybean oil physicochemical properties are determined according to standard test methods, to evaluate if they had favorable conditions for use as raw material in the transesterification reaction. Sunflower, castor and soybean biodiesel were obtained by the methylic transesterification route in the presence of KOH and presented a yield above 93% m/m. The sunflower/castor and soybean/castor blends were studied with the aim of evaluating the thermal and oxidative stability of the biofuels. The biodiesel and blends were characterized by acid value, iodine value, density, flash point, sulfur content, and content of methanol and esters by gas chromatography (GC). Also studies of thermal and oxidative stability by Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry High Pressure (P-DSC) and dynamic method exothermic and Rancimat were carried out. Biodiesel sunflower and soybean are presented according to the specifications established by the Resolution ANP no 7/2008. Biodiesel from castor oil, as expected, showed a high density and kinematic viscosity. For the blends studied, the concentration of castor biodiesel to increased the density, kinematic viscosity and flash point. The addition of castor biodiesel as antioxidant in sunflower and soybean biodiesels is promising, for a significant improvement in resistance to autoxidation and therefore on its oxidative stability. The blends showed that compliance with the requirements of the ANP have been included in the range of 20-40%. This form may be used as a partial substitute of fossil diesel

Entendendo as propriedades do arenito Botucatu e sua utilização como meio poroso para estudos envolvendo o deslocamento de fluidos poliméricos

The development of products whose purpose is to promote blockages in high permeability zones as well as to control the hydrate or scale formation also needs some tests in porous media before using the product in the field, where attempts and unavoidable operational errors costs would able to derail any projects. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the Botucatu and Berea sandstones properties, involving problems related to loss permeability. It was observed that even cores of Berea, without expansible clays in their composition had their permeability reduced, as soon as the salinity of brine reached a lower limit. As expected, the same happened with the Botucatu sandstone samples, however, in this case, the sensitivity to low salinity was more pronounced. In a second phase, the research was focused on the Botucatu Sandstone behavior front of dilute polymer solutions injection, checking the main relationships between the Rock / Fluid interactions, considering the Mobility Reduction, Resistance and Residual Resistance Factors, as well as adsorption/desorption processes of these polymers, and the polymer molecules average size and porous sandstone average size ratio. The results for both phases showed a real feasibility of using the Botucatu sandstone in laboratory tests whose objective is the displacement of fluids through porous media

Obtenção de polímeros graftizados de quitosana e estudo das propriedades físico-químicas para aplicação na indústria do petróleo

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from the shells of crustaceans, biodegradable, inexpensive and renewable with important physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the different modifications possible in its chemical structure generate new properties, making it an attractive polysaccharide owing to its range of potential applications. Polymers have been used in oil production operations. However, growing concern over environmental constraints has prompted oil industry to search for environmentally sustainable materials. As such, this study sought to obtain chitosan derivatives grafted with hydrophilic (poly(ethylene glycol), mPEG) and/or hydrophobic groups (n-dodecyl) via a simple (one-pot) method and evaluate their physicochemical properties as a function of varying pH using rheology, small-angle Xray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. The chitosan derivatives were prepared using reductive alkylation under mild reaction conditions and the chemical structure of the polymers was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and CHN elemental analysis. Considering a constant mPEG/Chitosan molar ratio on modification of chitosan, the solubility of the polymer across a wide pH range (acidic, neutral and basic) could only be improved when some of the amino groups were submitted to reacetylation using the one-pot method. Under these conditions, solubility is maintained even with the simultaneous insertion of n-dodecyl. On the other hand, the solubility of derivatives obtained only through mPEG incorporation using the traditional methodology, or with the ndodecyl group, was similar to that of its precursor. The hydrophilic group promoted decreased viscosity of the polymer solutions at 10 g/L in acid medium. However, at basic pH, both viscosity and thermal stability increased, as well as exhibited a pronounced pseudoplastic behavior, suggesting strong intermolecular associations in the alkaline medium. The SAXS results showed a polyelectrolyte behavior with the decrease in pH for the polymer systems. DLS analyses revealed that although the dilute polymer solutions at 1 g/L and pH 3 exhibited a high density of protonated amino groups along the polymer chain, the high degree of charge contributed significantly to aggregation, promoting increased particle size with the decrease in pH. Furthermore, the hydrophobic group also contributed to increasing the size of aggregates in solution at pH 3, whereas the hydrophilic group helped reduce their size across the entire pH range. Nevertheless, the nature of aggregation was dependent on the pH of the medium. Zeta potential results indicated that its values do not depend solely on the surface charge of the particle, but are also dependent on the net charge of the medium. In this study, water soluble associative polymers exhibit properties that can be of great interest in the petroleum industry

Temporal stability for unpredictable annual climatic variability for Hevea genotype selection

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uma plataforma de integração de middleware para computação ubíqua

One of the current challenges of Ubiquitous Computing is the development of complex applications, those are more than simple alarms triggered by sensors or simple systems to configure the environment according to user preferences. Those applications are hard to develop since they are composed by services provided by different middleware and it is needed to know the peculiarities of each of them, mainly the communication and context models. This thesis presents OpenCOPI, a platform which integrates various services providers, including context provision middleware. It provides an unified ontology-based context model, as well as an environment that enable easy development of ubiquitous applications via the definition of semantic workflows that contains the abstract description of the application. Those semantic workflows are converted into concrete workflows, called execution plans. An execution plan consists of a workflow instance containing activities that are automated by a set of Web services. OpenCOPI supports the automatic Web service selection and composition, enabling the use of services provided by distinct middleware in an independent and transparent way. Moreover, this platform also supports execution adaptation in case of service failures, user mobility and degradation of services quality. The validation of OpenCOPI is performed through the development of case studies, specifically applications of the oil industry. In addition, this work evaluates the overhead introduced by OpenCOPI and compares it with the provided benefits, and the efficiency of OpenCOPI s selection and adaptation mechanism

Um monitor de metadados de QoS e QoC para plataformas de middleware

Context-aware applications are typically dynamic and use services provided by several sources, with different quality levels. Context information qualities are expressed in terms of Quality of Context (QoC) metadata, such as precision, correctness, refreshment, and resolution. On the other hand, service qualities are expressed via Quality of Services (QoS) metadata such as response time, availability and error rate. In order to assure that an application is using services and context information that meet its requirements, it is essential to continuously monitor the metadata. For this purpose, it is needed a QoS and QoC monitoring mechanism that meet the following requirements: (i) to support measurement and monitoring of QoS and QoC metadata; (ii) to support synchronous and asynchronous operation, thus enabling the application to periodically gather the monitored metadata and also to be asynchronously notified whenever a given metadata becomes available; (iii) to use ontologies to represent information in order to avoid ambiguous interpretation. This work presents QoMonitor, a module for QoS and QoC metadata monitoring that meets the abovementioned requirement. The architecture and implementation of QoMonitor are discussed. To support asynchronous communication QoMonitor uses two protocols: JMS and Light-PubSubHubbub. In order to illustrate QoMonitor in the development of ubiquitous application it was integrated to OpenCOPI (Open COntext Platform Integration), a Middleware platform that integrates several context provision middleware. To validate QoMonitor we used two applications as proofof- concept: an oil and gas monitoring application and a healthcare application. This work also presents a validation of QoMonitor in terms of performance both in synchronous and asynchronous requests

Mobile interact: uma ferramenta de auxílio didático proporcionando interação entre professores e alunos através de celulares

Education is one of the oldest activities practiced by man, but today it is still performed often without creating dialogues and discussions among all those involved, and students are passives agents without interactivity with teachers and the content approached. This work presents a tool used for providing interactivity in educational environments using cell phones, in this way, teachers can use technology to assist in process of education and have a better evaluation of students. The tool developed architecture is shown, exposing features of wireless communication technologies used and how is the connection management using Bluetooth technology, which has a limited number of simultaneous connections. The details of multiple Bluetooth connections and how the system should behave by numerous users are displayed, showing a comparison between different methods of managing connections. Finally, the results obtained with the use of the tool are presented, followed by the analysis of them and a conclusion on the work

Algorítmo evolucionário para a distribuição de produtos de petróleo por redes de polidutos

The distribution of petroleum products through pipeline networks is an important problem that arises in production planning of refineries. It consists in determining what will be done in each production stage given a time horizon, concerning the distribution of products from source nodes to demand nodes, passing through intermediate nodes. Constraints concerning storage limits, delivering time, sources availability, limits on sending or receiving, among others, have to be satisfied. This problem can be viewed as a biobjective problem that aims at minimizing the time needed to for transporting the set of packages through the network and the successive transmission of different products in the same pipe is called fragmentation. This work are developed three algorithms that are applied to this problem: the first algorithm is discrete and is based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), with local search procedures and path-relinking proposed as velocity operators, the second and the third algorithms deal of two versions based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The proposed algorithms are compared to other approaches for the same problem, in terms of the solution quality and computational time spent, so that the efficiency of the developed methods can be evaluated

MaRISA-AOCode: uma abordagem genérica para geração de código orientado a aspectos

Currently there are several aspect-oriented approaches that are related to different stages of software development process. These approaches often lack integration with each other and their models and artifacts are not aligned in a coherent process. The integration of Aspect-Oriented Software development (AOSD) and Model-Driven Development (MDD) enables automatic propagation of models from one phase to another, avoiding loss of important information and decisions established in each. This paper presents a model driven approach, called Marisa-AOCode, which supports the processing of detailed design artifacts to code in different Aspect-Oriented Programming languages. The approach proposed by Maris- AOCode defines transformation rules between aSideML, a modeling language for aspectoriented detailed design, and Metaspin, a generic metamodel for aspect-oriented programming languages. The instantiation of the generic metamodel (Metaspin) provided by the approach of Maris-AOCode is illustrated by the transformation of Metaspin for two languages: AspectLua and CaesarJ. We illustrate the approach with a case study based on the Health Watcher System

BMMobile: uma linha de produtos para dimensionamento de bombeio mecânico em dispositivos móveis

With the increase of processing ability, storage and several kinds of communication existing such as Bluetooth, infrared, wireless networks, etc.., mobile devices are no longer only devices with specific function and have become tools with various functionalities. In the business field, the benefits that these kinds of devices can offer are considerable, because the portability allows tasks that previously could only be performed within the work environment, can be performed anywhere. In the context of oil exploration companies, mobile applications allow quick actions could be taken by petroleum engineers and technicians, using their mobile devices to avoid potential catastrophes like an unexpected stop or break of important equipment. In general, the configuration of equipment for oil extraction is performed on the work environment using computer systems in desktop platforms. After the obtained configuration, an employee goes to equipment to be configured and perform the modifications obtained on the use desktop system. This management process equipment for oil extraction takes long time and does not guarantee the maintenance in time to avoid problems. With the use of mobile devices, management and maintenance of equipment for oil extraction can be performed in a more agile time once it enables the engineer or technician oil can perform this configuration at the time and place where the request comes for example, near in the oil well where the equipment is located. The wide variety of mobile devices creates a big difficulty in developing mobile applications, since for one application can function in several types of devices, the application must be changed for each specific type of device, which makes the development quite costly. This paper defines and implements a software product line for designing sucker-rod pumping systems on mobile devices. This product line of software, called BMMobile, aims to produce products that are capable of performing calculations to determine the possible configurations for the equipment in the design suckerrod pumping, and managing the variabilities of the various products that can be generated. Besides, this work performs two evaluations. The first evaluation will verify the consistency of the products produced by the software product line. The second evaluation will verify the reuse of some products generated by SPL developed