In vitro technique for selecting onion FOR white rot disease- resistance

In vitro selection is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for plant improvement. This is due to its ability to isolate plants with the desired character(s), either by applying a selection agent on the culture media to drive the selection of somaclones with the required character(s), or by establishing particular conditions that change in the genomes of somaclones toward the required character. The objective of this study was to identify a suitable protocol for in vitro selection of Allium white rot disease ( Sclerotium cepivorum ) tolerance in commercial Egyptian onion varieties, namely Giza 20, Giza 6 and Beheri Red. Oxalic acid (OA), the phytotoxin produced by Sclerotium cepivorum, was used as the selective agent. Seeds of the three Egyptian varieties were germinated on four concentrations (0.0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mM) of Oxalic acid. Among the tested cultivars, Beheri Red had the highest germination frequency (52%) at all concentrations tested, followed by Giza 20 (42.6%), and Giza 6 at (32%). Cotyledon explants from the varieties were cultured on toxic MSBDK medium, supplemented with 0, 3, 6 and 12 mM OA. The survival of calli on MSBDK free toxic medium was 70.7% for all tested cultivars; however, MSBDK-stressed medium, with 3 mM OA reduced the viable calli to 42.1%. The highest OA concentration (12 mM) completely inhibited calli induction from cotyledons explants. A medium supplement with 3 mM OA retarded 80% of calli growth. Among 156 tested calli of Beheri Red, only 23 calli (14.7%) survived on toxic medium for 45 days. Similarly, there was 15.6% survival for Giza 20 calli, while 40.1% of the Giza 6 calli survived. Plantlets were regenerated from surviving calli and transplanted onto ex vitro, and formed bulb after acclimatisation.

Relations among Topic Knowledge, Individual Interest, and Relational Reasoning, and Critical Thinking in Maternity Nursing

Critical thinking in learners is a goal of educators and professional organizations in nursing as well as other professions. However, few studies in nursing have examined the role of the important individual difference factors topic knowledge, individual interest, and general relational reasoning strategies in predicting critical thinking. In addition, most previous studies have used domain-general, standardized measures, with inconsistent results. Moreover, few studies have investigated critical thinking across multiple levels of experience. The major purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which topic knowledge, individual interest, and relational reasoning predict critical thinking in maternity nurses. For this study, 182 maternity nurses were recruited from national nursing listservs explicitly chosen to capture multiple levels of experience from prelicensure to very experienced nurses. The three independent measures included a domain-specific Topic Knowledge Assessment (TKA), consisting of 24 short-answer questions, a Professed and Engaged Interest Measure (PEIM), with 20 questions indicating level of interest and engagement in maternity nursing topics and activities, and the Test of Relational Reasoning (TORR), a graphical selected response measure with 32 items organized in scales corresponding to four forms of relational reasoning: analogy, anomaly, antithesis, and antinomy. The dependent measure was the Critical Thinking Task in Maternity Nursing (CT2MN), composed of a clinical case study providing cues with follow-up questions relating to nursing care. These questions align with the cognitive processes identified in a commonly-used definition of critical thinking in nursing. Reliable coding schemes for the measures were developed for this study. Key findings included a significant correlation between topic knowledge and individual interest. Further, the three individual difference factors explained a significant proportion of the variance in critical thinking with a large effect size. While topic knowledge was the strongest predictor of critical thinking performance, individual interest had a moderate significant effect, and relational reasoning had a small but significant effect. The findings suggest that these individual difference factors should be included in future studies of critical thinking in nursing. Implications for nursing education, research, and practice are discussed.

Aplicación del sistema de costos basado en actividades en los restaurantes dedicados a la elaboración de pollo rostizado del municipio de San Salvador.

Debido a los constantes cambios económicos y avances tecnológicos, la aplicación de nuevos enfoques y aumento en la competencia, obliga a las empresas a asumir nuevos retos, como mejorar sus procesos de costeo; utilizando métodos que permitan determinar de mejor manera como asignar los costos y así obtener cifras confiables para una acertada toma de decisiones.Para la realización de la investigación, se tomaron como unidades de análisis los restaurantes dedicados a la elaboración de pollo rostizado del municipio de san salvador, haciendo uso de herramientas de recolección de datos como el cuestionario, desarrollándose posteriormente el procesamiento de datos, dando como resultado un diagnóstico que muestra la situación actual de las entidades, de esta manera se constató que dichas empresas carecen de un método de costeo que muestre adecuadamente el costo invertido en la producción; es por ello que se propone en el presente trabajo la aplicación del sistema de costos basados en actividades como una respuesta a la problemática, permitiéndoles obtener de manera adecuada una distribución razonable de los desembolsos que no están directamente relacionados con la producción pero son indispensables para ella; ya que estos son distribuidos a las labores que son necesarias para la elaboración del producto. Hoy en día ABC ofrece la forma más rápida y eficaz de reducir los costos, porque se adquiere suficiente información para comprender cuáles son los verdaderos inductores de recurso y actuar sobre éstos para obtener un proceso racional, por lo tanto al distribuir los costes indirectos mediante la metodología de dicho sistema, se reconoce la relación causa efecto entre los generadores del costo con las actividades, brindando el conocimiento necesario para el mejoramiento, la optimización y la complejidad de los procesos que generará mayores coste. Se tomó como ejemplo un restaurante el cual proporciono la información necesaria, para describir las generalidades del proceso productivo; esto permitió determinar los costos a través del método (ABC), por consiguiente se realizó un análisis de los resultados obtenidos de modo que se determinó que la aplicación de este sistema, es conveniente para todo tipo de empresas, sean estas de servicios, industriales, comerciales; pues esta técnica innovadora identifica las actividades que generan valor a los productos logrando mayor precisión en la determinación de importe invertido en la producción. Por tanto, se concluye que es necesaria la implementación de una herramienta que les permita enfocar y asignar los costos a cada actividad y que le proporcione información oportuna para la toma de decisiones, mejorando los diferentes procesos productivos y su competitividad.

Tanques sépticos seguidos de leitos cultivados com diferentes espécies de macrofitas no tratamento de esgoto

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2016.

Estudio de factibilidad para incrementar el nivel de producción y ventas en las microempresas panificadoras del municipio de Pasaquina, departamento de La Unión. Caso ilustrativo.

La presente investigación contiene un Estudio de Factibilidad realizado a las microempresas panificadoras del municipio de Pasaquina, sobre el incremento de su producción y venta. desarrollado mediante tres capítulos, donde se expresan las generalidades de las microempresas, sus características y clasificación, así como también el significado del Estudio de Factibilidad y la importancia de su aplicación, considerando el proceso productivo que poseen, la tecnología aplicada y la mano de obra calificada, como capítulo I. En dicha investigación, posee una metodología científica en la que se plantea el problema, se formulan los objetivos, así como también las hipótesis y se finaliza con el análisis e interpretación de los resultados que han sido determinados mediante una encuesta realizada a los consumidores y varias entrevistas a los productos, con base al cuestionario elaborado para ambos sectores involucrados. Lo anterior es lo que permite expresas el diagnóstico sobre la situación de estas microempresas panificadoras, que se resumen en las conclusiones presentadas, como es el caso de que estas microempresas, no incentivan el consumo de pan a clientes actuales ni potenciales, no poseen maquinaria moderna, no realiza planeación de ingresos ni egresos, no están constituidos legalmente, no capacitan a su personal, etc. En este mismo diagnostico se plantean las recomendaciones que mejoran la condición de estas como es: incentivar el consumo de pan mediante promoción y publicidad, adquirir maquinaria moderna, aumentar la variedad de pan, elaborar presupuesto de materia prima e insumos, constituirse legalmente, llevar registros contables, etc. Es lo que se logra en el capítulo II. mejorar las condiciones de dichas microempresas, es el objetivo que se pretende lograr con la implementación del Estudio de Factibilidad técnico y económico desarrollado. En el que plantea como se debe organizar panadería “LILY”, la misión que debe poseer, su visión, así como también sus objetivos y políticas. Además se analiza el producto actual y su proceso de producción como también sus productos propuestos y su nuevo proceso de producción adoptando nueva tecnología y capacitando la mano de obra. En este mismo Estudio de Factibilidad, se analiza la viabilidad técnica, legal, el incremento de la oferta de productos, la promoción y publicidad de los mismos y sobre todo la adquisición de maquinaria y equipo, lo que permite considerar si las mejoras propuestas son factibles para estas microempresas. Panadería “Lily”, realiza una inversión en la que su financiamiento y sus fuentes están propuestos, al igual que la implementación del estudio mediante el desarrollo del periodo de recuperación de la inversión, su tasa interna de retorno y su valor actual neto. Se demuestra también la rentabilidad que obtendría panadería “Lily” por cada dólar invertido y la amortización de la deuda adquirida en concepto de dichos presupuestos realizados para el monto de la inversión. Es necesario mencionar que la implementación de éste estudio, facilita el camino a seguir para alcanzar como empresa otra clasificación económica, genera una mayor rentabilidad a sus propietarios y al país mayor empleo a la población

Trajetos cênicos do grupo parafolclórico da UFRN:que dança é essa?

This paper aims at studying UFRN Parafolclórico Group, whose aesthetic formation is subjected to our analysis, specially at its two last performances, that is, Flor do Lírio (Lily Flower), 2004, and Debaixo do Barro do Chão (Under the Mud of the Ground), 2008. Three targets are envisaged here: to analyze the aesthetic ideas backing Parafolclórico Group exhibitions; to evaluate how their many folk elements interact with different artist languages in order to compose a certain choreography; and finally, to identify the aesthetic conformation placed behind the two different choreographs of the last performances, their trends and innermost features that differentiate them. In accordance with the Analysis of Contents (BARDIN, 2006), interviews have been made with the choreographers and the staff of the spectacles, resulting in elucidating answers to the understanding of their thematic axis. On the first chapter we called attention to motivating subjects as recollection, personal experiences, bibliography research, research in loco regarded as propelling forces of the creative works. Herein, folk culture is depicted as a dynamic process opening a frank dialogue with contemporary events and reinforcing their continuity. On the second chapter, we approached the aesthetic conformation and the scenic elements (costumes, light, scenario, make-up), integrating the studied spectacles and disseminating folk songs in various ways. As what concerns the subjects discourse, we have obtained support in authors like Robatto (1994); Lobo; Navas (2008); Burke (1989); Canclini (2006); Dufrenne (2005); Medeiros (2005); Pavis (2005); Silva (2005), among others. Those authors have provided us with an indispensable theoretic support which, added to the interviews, convinced us that the Parafolclórico Group s aesthetic conception tends to identify itself with the artist languages and other techniques of that Group. It also made sure that the Group s course aims at an aesthetic conception which is not limited to popular culture manifestations, like dance, but admits to play with other media in order to communicate its art. In view of this situation, we arrived to two conclusions: first: the group s interchanges emphasize the dynamic character of popular culture which, by establishing contacts with different realities, receives influences capable of extending its own continuity; second: the contemporary state of arts also improves multiple interchanges opening way, so, for many accomplishments in their field. Therefore, UFRN Parafolclórico Group inserts itself in the contemporary scenery by performing new evaluations of the popular dances as long as it puts them in contact with different technical, aesthetic, artist and culture combinations

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.

Material damage: 4 projector film performance

Dirk de Bruyn’s expanded cinema performances engage the æsthetics of process at a number of levels. At the core of these performances are several of three- or four-screen, essentially abstract films of the same duration which comment upon and echo each other in a constant interplay of flicker-like positive and negative imagery. The soundtrack of the films works in a related way: the same or similar words and sound fragments are overlayed, or are repeated in an absurd call-and-answer pattern running from one speaker to another. This overall design or formal system is then set into play and relativised in the live event through a number of treatment-techniques. Reels are placed out of order or interspliced with other short films or fragments of found footage or tests, the bulb of one or more projectors can be occasionally turned off while the soundtrack continues, or the projector can be stopped altogether, extending, stretching out or disrupting completely the apparent synchrony between each screen and soundtrack. The light beam of each projector is filtered, distorted, split and multiplied using hand-held colour gels, plastic bottles, prisms and mirrors, or else silhouetted or blocked completely with the artist’s own hands and body. The projectors themselves can be inverted, turned around or physically transported across the space, mixing and overlaying the imagery, animating different areas of the performance environment and transforming the body of the audience itself into a screen medium.

Determing the Effect of Thermal Treatment Timing on Ultra-High Performance Concrete Beams

The loss of prestressing force over time influences the long-term deflection of the prestressed concrete element. Prestress losses are inherently complex due to the interaction of concrete creep, concrete shrinkage, and steel relaxation. Implementing advanced materials such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) further complicates the estimation of prestress losses because of the changes in material models dependent on curing regime. Past research shows compressive creep is "locked in" when UHPC cylinders are subjected to thermal treatment before being loaded in compression. However, the current precasting manufacturing process would typically load the element (through prestressing strand release from the prestressing bed) before the element would be taken to the curing facility. Members of many ages are stored until curing could be applied to all of them at once. This research was conducted to determine the impact of variable curing times for UHPC on the prestress losses, and hence deflections. Three UHPC beams, a rectangular section, a modified bulb tee section, and a pi-girder, were assessed for losses and deflections using an incremental time step approach and material models specific to UHPC based on compressive creep and shrinkage testing. Results show that although it is important for prestressed UHPC beams to be thermally treated, to "lock in" material properties, the timing of thermal treatment leads to negligible differences in long-term deflections. Results also show that for UHPC elements that are thermally treated, changes in deflection are caused only by external loads because prestress losses are "locked-in" following thermal treatment.

Comportamiento metabólico, fisiológico y electrocardiográfico en trabajadores expuestos a altas temperaturas en una empresa líder en la explotación y coquización del carbón en Boyacá, Colombia, 2016

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la exposición ocupacional a altas temperaturas o sobrecarga térmica con el comportamiento fisiológico, metabólico y electrocardiográfico. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal, donde se incluyeron dos grupos (expuesto y no expuesto a altas temperaturas) en una empresa minera, en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, en el año 2016. El número de participantes fue de 160 trabajadores del género masculino, grupo expuesto (n=86) y grupo no expuesto (n=74). La exposición ocupacional a sobrecarga térmica se evaluó con el índice de temperatura de globo y bulbo húmedo (TGBH), el comportamiento fisiológico con el índice de costo cardiaco relativo (ICCR) con mediciones de frecuencia cardiaca (FC), el comportamiento metabólico con la determinación del colesterol total (CT), colesterol de alta densidad (C-HDL), colesterol de baja densidad (C-LDL), triglicéridos (TG) y glicemia basal (GL). Las alteraciones electrocardiográficas con la toma de Electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones. También fueron evaluadas variables antropométricas, tensión arterial, hábitos y antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular en ambos grupos. Resultados: incrementos significativos del ICCR (p<0.001) y la carga física (p<0.001) fueron encontrados en los trabajadores expuestos a altas temperaturas. Los índices lipídicos y glicemia, así como los antecedentes personales cardiovasculares, IMC, consumo de cigarrillo y consumo de alcohol, no mostraron significancia. El antecedente familiar de ACV (p=0.043) y el EKG alterado (p=0.011) mostraron una asociación significativa con la exposición a altas temperaturas. El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple explicó la relación entre el incremento del ICCR y la exposición a altas temperaturas (β=4,213, IC 95%: 1.57,6.85) ajustado por variables fisiológicas y electrocardiográficas. Conclusiones: La exposición ocupacional a altas temperaturas, presenta asociación con las alteraciones cardiovasculares a nivel fisiológico y electrocardiográfico, aumentando el ICCR y la carga física de trabajo (GE trabajo).

Diseño de un plan de mejora de la capacitación y la comunicación orientados a la optimización del desempeño de los empleados en la Comercializadora Franco Echeverry S.A.S.

Colombia muestra una actividad económica apoyada en empresas donde las PYMES, sumadas a las microempresas, representan el 90% del parque empresarial del país y generan el 63% del empleo nacional y el 53% de la producción bruta de los sectores industrial, comercial y de servicios. Debido a esta caracterización, es de gran importancia conocer más a fondo acerca de sus procesos tanto gerenciales como operativos ya que de estos se desprende la óptima operación y el buen desempeño, en términos de competitividad, de las empresas colombianas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (Jaramillo Naranjo, 2003). En la medida que se brinde conocimiento sobre la forma de operar de las MIPYMES, la comunidad académica podrá aportar más en el buen desarrollo del sector empresarial colombiano.