Precondicionadores baseados na aproximação da inversa.

Neste trabalho de dissertação apresentaremos uma classe de precondicionadores baseados na aproximação esparsa da inversa da matriz de coecientes, para a resolução de sistemas lineares esparsos de grandes portes através de métodos iterativos, mais especificamente métodos de Krylov. Para que um método de Krylov seja eficiente é extremamente necessário o uso de precondicionadores. No contexto atual, onde computadores de arquitetura híbrida são cada vez mais comuns temos uma demanda cada vez maior por precondicionadores paralelizáveis. Os métodos de inversa aproximada que serão descritos possuem aplicação paralela, pois so dependem de uma operação de produto matriz-vetor, que é altamente paralelizável. Além disso, alguns dos métodos também podem ser construídos em paralelo. A ideia principal é apresentar uma alternativa aos tradicionais precondicionadores que utilizam aproximações dos fatores LU, que apesar de robustos são de difícil paralelização.

Vortices, sound and flames - a damaging combination

The interaction between vortices, sound and combustion can lead to self-excited oscillations of such large amplitudes that structural damage is done. These occur because any small unsteadiness in the rate of combustion is a source of sound, generating pressure and velocity fluctuations. However, the velocity fluctuations perturb the flame, thereby altering the instantaneous rate of heat release. Instability is then possible because while acoustic waves perturb the combustion, the unsteady combustion generates yet more sound! Combustion oscillations can occur in afterburners and at idle in conventional aeroengine combustors. Lean premixed, prevapourized technology has tremendous potential to reduce NOx emissions, but is proving highly susceptible to self-excited oscillations. An overview of the physics of the interaction between vortices, sound and flames is presented, and illustrated by examples of instability in generic premixed ducted flames and in aeroengine combustors. The potential for both passive and active control is discussed.

Instability in lean premixed combustors

A generalized acoustic equation is used to identify the mechanisms driving combustion instability. The relationship between the unsteady rate of heat release and the flow is found to influence significantly the frequency of oscillation. A kinematic flame model is reviewed and used to describe the unsteady combustion in a premixed ducted flame and in a typical lean premixed industrial gas turbine. Comparison is made between theory and experiment. | A generalized acoustic equation is used to identify the mechanisms driving combustion instability. The relationship between the unsteady rate of heat release and the flow is found to influence significantly the frequency of oscillation. A kinematic flame model is reviewed and used to describe the unsteady combustion in a premixed ducted flame and in a typical lean premixed industrial gas turbine. Comparison is made between theory and experiment.