Análise do padrão de distribuição espacial de espécies florestais em 8 hectares na Amazônia Central.

Objetivou-se analisar a distribuição espacial explícita de espécies florestais de interesse comercial. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em Silves, na Precious Woods Amazon Ltda. (PWA), em 8 ha contínuos.

Padrão de atividade alelopática em Poáceas e Fabáceas.

Visando a determinar e a caracterizar a atividade alelopática em função das espécies fabáceas e poáceas, da fração da planta e sensibilidade da planta receptora, coletaram-se folhas e raízes de poáceas e fabáceas em Belém-PA. O potencial da atividade alelopática foi testado sobre a germinação de sementes e alongamento da radícula e hipocótilo, utilizando Mimosa pudica e Senna obtusifolia como receptoras, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os valores de inibição da germinação, alongamento do hipocótilo e da radícula foram analisados por modelo linear geral, testados via teste F, e, quando significativos, comparados por Tukey a 5%, sendo classificados como inibição efetiva (p<0,001) e potencial (pelos componentes das espécies, p<0,05). Os efeitos de poáceas e fabáceas sobre a germinação das sementes, alongamento de radícula e hipocótilo de M. pudica não foram significativos, enquanto que a germinação em S. obtusifolia, bem como o alongamento do hipocótilo, foi menor sob extratos das fabáceas. As espécies estudadas não apresentaram comportamento semelhante em relação aos efeitos alelopáticos. Houve tendência das frações folha apresentarem maior efetividade inibitória e, pela análise multivariada dos cinco agrupamentos, os grupos fração folha de Calopogonium mucunoides e Enterolobium sp e ambas as frações para o grupo Canavalia ensiformis foram os inibidores em maior magnitude. De forma geral, pode-se considerar que as fabáceas apresentaram maior potencial alelopático.

Depósito de pulverização e controle do míldio da videira com diferentes volumes de aplicação.

Em videiras 'BRS Clara', cultivar de uvas sem sementes, enxertadas em 'IAC-572' e conduzidas em latada, comparou-se a deposição de calda de pulverização nas folhas utilizando-se corante alimentício, com dois volumes de aplicação: 274 L ha-1 e 500 L ha-1. A eficiência desses dois volumes de calda fungicida foi avaliada, sob cobertura plástica ou não, no controle do míldio da videira, empregando-se os fungicidas recomendados e o programa de pulverização padrão utilizado na região. A severidade da doença, determinada pela porcentagem de área foliar afetada, foi avaliada semanalmente e, com os valores médios da porcentagem de área foliar afetada, determinou-se a curva de progresso da doença para cada tratamento, calculando-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso de míldio (AACPM). Observou-se que quanto maior o volume aplicado, maior o volume depositado nas folhas. Entretanto, a concentração de traçante depositado sobre as folhas foi, em média, 10% menor com a aplicação no volume de 500 L ha-1. Não houve diferença significativa (P? 0,05) entre os níveis de controle de míldio proporcionados pelos dois volumes de aplicação sob cobertura plástica ou não, que reduziram de 87 a 92% a AACPM quando comparados com a testemunha.

Seletividade de hervicidas aplicados em pós-emergência para a cultura do grão de bico.

2016

Patogenicidade de isolados de espécies de fusarium em grão-de-bico e ervilha.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a patogenicidade de isolados de espécies de fusarium em grão-de-bico e ervilha.

Precauções Padrão e Risco Ocupacional; Acidentes de trabalho e Conduta

O vídeo apresenta as medidas de precaução padrão a serem utilizadas pelos profissionais de saúde nas suas rotinas de trabalho, para minimizar os riscos ocupacionais e os acidente de trabalho. Dá ênfase à necessidade de imunização dos profissionais por meio de vacinas para reduzir riscos de contaminação, e à necessidade de uso de barreiras protetoras, como luvas, máscaras, óculos e gorros, para evitar contato direto com matéria orgânica. Informa ainda sobre as condutas a serem adotadas por esses profissionais após a exposição ao material biológico, ou seja, as exposições ocupacionais.

A implantação do fichário rotativo para organização da agenda do hiperdia: relato de experiência

Trata-se de um estudo cujo objetivo foi relatar a experiência da ESF Pró-Saúde com a implantação do fichário rotativo na organização da agenda do HIPERDIA, de acordo com a linha guia, para os usuários cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA pela ESF Pró-Saúde do município de Piranga no período de 2010 e 2011. Justifica-se pelo destaque atribuído à atenção à saúde do adulto, em especial, à hipertensão e diabetes que são doenças crônicas não transmissíveis muito frequentes, constituindo sérios problemas de saúde pública. O estado de Minas Gerais vem trabalhando com o objetivo de organizar todos os níveis assistenciais vinculados aos portadores de hipertensão e diabetes mellitus. Com a implantação da linha guia do HIPERDIA, o Estado propõe nortear o profissional e a equipe de saúde em relação ao manejo clínico adequado para esses pacientes. Foram analisados dados disponíveis em base de dados do Departamento Municipal de Saúde de Piranga (Sistema de Informação em Saúde - SIAB), o diagnóstico de saúde realizado pela equipe Pró-Saúde e as fichas do fichário rotativo do HIPERDIA. Também foi realizada uma revisão de literatura para fundamentação teórica da organização do processo de trabalho proposta. Os resultados estão apresentados em forma de tabela que evidenciam crescente adesão às consultas do HIPERDIA com a implantação do fichário rotativo na unidade básica de saúde.

Aplicação do escore MELD em pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado: análise retrospectiva da sobrevida e dos fatores preditivos a curto e longo prazo

BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

Estudo vídeo-polissonográfico em recém-nascidos de termo pequenos para a idade gestacional

Video-polygraphic-EEG studies were performed in the first 24 life-hours of 26 healthy full-term newborns without perinatal injuries. The neurological examination and cranial ultrasonography were normal. The newborns were divided into two groups: one, with full-term appropriate - birth weight 11 newborns (control group ) and the other with full-term low-birth weight 15 newborns. Thirteen newborns of the second group had video-polygraphic-EEG study abnormalities. The most frequent abnormalities were found in 11 cases, as far as sleep architecture is concerned. Also, when compared with the control group, 8 cases of an excessive amount of startles and 2 cases of low behavior activities were found. The results demonstrate the usefulness of video-polygraphic-EEG study in the full-term newborns with intra-uterine growth retard. This examination was sensitive to detect behavior, sleep architecture and EEG standard differences in the low birth-weight newborns as to the control group.

Molecular diagnosis of Huntington disease in Brazilian patients

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by choreiform movements and cognitive impairment. Onset of symptoms is around 40 years of age and progression to death occurs in approximately 10 to 15 years from the time of disease onset. HD is associated with an unstable CAG repeat expansion at the 5' and of the IT15 gene. We have genotyped the CAG repeat in the IT15 gene in 44 Brazilian individuals (42 patients and 2 unaffected family members) belonging to 34 unrelated families thought to segregate HD. We found one expanded CAG allele in 32 individuals (76%) belonging to 25 unrelated families. In these HD patients, expanded alleles varied from 43 to 73 CAG units and normal alleles varied from 18 to 26 CAGs. A significant negative correlation between age at onset of symptoms and size of the expanded CAG allele was found (r=0.6; p=0.0001); however, the size of the expanded CAG repeat could explain only about 40% of the variability in age at onset (r2=0.4). In addition, we genotyped 25 unrelated control individuals (total of 50 alleles) and found normal CAG repeats varying from 16 to 33 units. The percentage of heterozigocity of the normal allele in the control population was 88%. In conclusion, our results showed that not all patients with the HD phenotype carried the expansion at the IT15 gene. Furthermore, molecular diagnosis was possible in all individuals, since no alleles of intermediate size were found. Therefore, molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis in HD should be sought in all suspected patients, making it possible for adequate genetic counseling.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.

Equipamento microprocessado para geração de sinal de correção diferencial, em tempo real, para GPS

This work presents the development of low cost microprocessor-based equipment for generation of differential GPS correction signal, in real time, and configuration and supervision of the GPS base. The developed equipment contains a dedicated microcontroller connected to the GPS receiver, alphanumeric display and multifunction keyboard for configuration and operation of the system and communication interfaces. The electronic circuit has the function of receiving the information from GPS base; interpret them, converting the sentence in the RTCM SC-104 protocol. The microcontroller software makes the conversion of the signal received by the GPS base from the specific format to RTCM SC-104 protocol. The processing main board has two serials RS-232C standard interfaces. One of them is used for configuration and receiving the information generated by the GPS base. The other operates as output, sending the differential correction signal for the transmission system. The development of microprocessor-based equipment showed that it is possible the construction of a low cost private station for real time generation of differential GPS correction signal.

Influência do auxílio mecânico na colheita de tomates

Fresh tomato harvest is traditionally made without harvesting aids. The main goal of this research was to evaluate performance parameters of fresh tomato harvesting aid equipment and compare it to traditional harvest, in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, an equipment was developed and the harvest process was evaluated in four different ways: traditional system (harvest system used in Santa Luzia farm, Brotas, SP, Brazil), picker walking with a harvesting aid equipment, picker seated in a harvesting aid equipment and a composition of both systems: two pickers seated and one picker walking in two different velocities ranges. The different systems using harvesting aid showed an average yield by picker more efficient than reference. Harvest system using three pickers showed an increase of 290% on yield average by picker, on the range of 0.5-1.0 fruit per plant, followed by the systems with a walking picker, that increased productivity in 41%, and picker seated harvester, that showed an increase of 35%. These results demonstrate the importance of using a harvesting aid equipment.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de um argissolo vermelho-amarelo sob pastagem e vegetação secundária em regeneração natural

This work was carried out with the objective of studying the spatial variability of the physical attributes of a Red-Yellow Ultisol under pasture and secondary vegetation in natural regeneration. Two areas were chosen in a hillside, with the soil sampling to the depth of 0-0.2 m, with the georeferenced points in a regular grid of 10x10 m, totalizing 64 points. In each point it was evaluated the total volume of porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil water content. The studied attributes in the pasture area present indicator of soil compaction for the animals' traffic, with moderate and strong structure of spatial dependence, except for the macroporosity and penetration resistance. In the area of secondary vegetation (VN) only the macroporosity does not present spatial dependence. The total volume of porosity and the bulk density present the same spatial standard in the area under pasture.