Zumbido em pacientes com audiometria normal: caracterização clínica e repercussões

Pacientes com zumbido e audiometria normal constituem um grupo importante, pois seus achados não sofrem influência da perda auditiva. Apesar disso, este grupo é pouco estudado e não sabemos se suas características clínicas e repercussões são semelhantes às dos indivíduos com perda auditiva. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as características clínicas do zumbido e sua interferência nas atividades diárias em pacientes com e sem perda auditiva. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte histórica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Entre 744 pacientes atendidos no Grupo de Pesquisa em Zumbido do HCFMUSP, avaliou-se retrospectivamente com um corte transversal os 55 indivíduos com audiometria tonal normal. O grupo controle correspondeu a 198 pacientes com zumbido e perda auditiva atendidos sob o mesmo protocolo. Analisou-se os dados dos pacientes, as características clínicas do zumbido e sua repercussão na vida do paciente. RESULTADOS: A idade média no grupo de estudo (43,1 ± 13,4 anos) foi significantemente menor do que a do grupo controle (49,9 ± 14,5 anos). Em ambos os grupos houve predomínio do sexo feminino e o zumbido foi predominantemente bilateral, único e constante, porém sem diferença entre os grupos. A interferência na concentração e no equilíbrio emocional foi significantemente menor no grupo de estudo (25,5% e 36,4%) do que no controle (46% e 61,6%), porém sem diferença quanto à interferência no sono e na atividade social. CONCLUSÕES: O grupo de pacientes com zumbido e audição normal apresentou características clínicas semelhantes em relação ao grupo com perda auditiva. Entretanto, a faixa etária acometida e a interferência sobre a concentração e o equilíbrio emocional foram significantemente menores nestes.

Audiometria de alta freqüência em adultos jovens e mais velhos quando a audiometria convencional é normal

A audiometria de alta freqüência é capaz de detectar precocemente alterações em sensibilidade advindas de processos como o envelhecimento. Seu uso é limitado, o que recomenda estudos para esclarecer seu desempenho, especialmente entre adultos de mais idade. OBJETIVO: Comparar os limiares para as freqüências de 250Hz a 16kHz, entre adultos jovens e mais velhos normoacúsicos, com e sem queixa audiológica. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: A sensibilidade a tons puros de 250Hz a 16kHz foi avaliada com audiômetro AC-40, em 64 adultos, igualmente distribuídos: jovens (25 a 35 anos) e mais velhos (45 a 55 anos) de ambos os gêneros, com forma de estudo de coorte transversal. RESULTADOS: Os adultos mais velhos apresentaram limiares mais elevados em todas as freqüências, mais significativamente nas mais altas (8 a 16kHz), quando comparados com os adultos jovens. Homens apresentaram limiares mais elevados do que mulheres entre 3 e 10kHz. CONCLUSÃO: O processo de envelhecimento auditivo, envolvendo perda de sensibilidade auditiva para altas freqüências, pode ser detectado em idades anteriores às tipicamente pesquisadas, uma vez que a audiometria de alta freqüência demonstrou ser instrumento importante para distinguir a sensibilidade auditiva entre adultos jovens e mais velhos, quando audiologicamente normais.

Do estudo dos potenciais de média latência eliciados por logon em sujeitos do sexo feminino com audição normal

Os potenciais de média latência são potenciais auditivos que ocorrem entre 10ms a 80ms, formados por ondas polifásicas positivas e negativas denominadas de N0, P0, Na, Pa, Nb e Pb. O logon é um estímulo acústico que permite eliciar respostas de média latência ativando regiões específicas da cóclea. Sua vantagem sobre o clique é a possibilidade avaliar as áreas de baixa freqüência (abaixo de 1kHz). OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a resposta eletrofisiológica das MLR estimulados por logon nas freqüências de 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Forma de estudo prospectivo e descritivo de uma amostra de 14 voluntárias do sexo feminino, normais dos pontos de vista otológico e audiológico convencional. O estímulo foi monoaural e ipsilateral à derivação de captação dos potenciais (Cz/A1-2). RESULTADOS: O complexo NaPa foi o mais facilmente identificado e esteve presente em 100% dos exames realizados a 2000 Hz e em 96,4% a 500 e 1000 Hz. CONCLUSÕES: As MLR podem se eliciadas pelo logon nas freqüências de 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz; o complexo NaPa foi o evento prevalente das MLR e o estímulo logon a 2000 Hz eliciou maior número de respostas do que as outras freqüências.

Resolução temporal de crianças: comparação entre audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva e distúrbio do processamento auditivo

A resolução temporal é essencial na percepção acústica da fala, podendo estar alterada nos distúrbios auditivos gerando prejuízos no desenvolvimento da linguagem. OBJETIVO: Comparar a resolução temporal de crianças com audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva e distúrbios do processamento auditivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: A amostra foi de 31 crianças de 07 a 10 anos, divididas em três grupos: G1: 12 com audição normal, G2: sete com perda auditiva condutiva e G3: 12 com distúrbio do processamento auditivo. Os procedimentos de seleção foram: questionário aos responsáveis, avaliação audiológica e do processamento auditivo. O procedimento de pesquisa foi o teste de detecção de intervalos no silêncio realizado a 50 dB NS acima da média de 500, 1000 e 2000Hz na condição binaural em 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000Hz. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado o Teste de Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 1%. RESULTADO: Observou-se que houve diferença entre os G1 e G2 e entre os G1 e G3 em todas as freqüências. Por outro lado, esta diferença não foi observada entre os G2 e G3. CONCLUSÃO A perda auditiva condutiva e o distúrbio do processamento auditivo têm influência no limiar de detecção de intervalos.

Fiber average size and distribution dependence on the electrospinning parameters of poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene)) membranes for biomedical applications

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoethylene) electrospun membranes were obtained from a blend of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methylethylketone (MEK) solvents. The inclusion of the MEK to the solvent system promotes a faster solvent evaporation allowing complete polymer crystallization during the jet travelling between the tip and the grounded collector. Several processing parameters were systematically changed to study their influence on fiber dimensions. Applied voltage and inner needle diameter do not have large influence on the electrospun fiber average diameter but in the fiber diameter distribution. On the other hand, the increase of the distance between the needle tip to collector results in fibers with larger average diameter. Independently on the processing conditions, all mats are produced in the electroactive phase of the polymer. Further, MC-3T3-E1cell adhesion was not inhibited by the fiber mats preparation, indicating their potential use for biomedical applications.

Influence of electrospinning parameters on Poly(hydroxybutyrate) electrospun membranes fiber size and distribution

Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) obtained from sugar cane was dissolved in a blend of chloroform and dimethylformamide (DMF) and electrospun at 40 ºC. By adding DMF to the solution, the electrospinning process for the PHB polymer becomes more stable, allowing complete polymer crystallization during the jet travelling between the tip and the grounded collector. The influence of processing parameters on fiber size and distribution was systematically studied. It was observed that an increase of tip inner diameter promotes a decrease of the fiber average size and a broader distribution. On the other hand, an increase of the electric field and flow rate produces an increase of fiber diameter until a maximum of ~2.0 m, but for electric fields higher than 1.5 kV.cm-1, a decrease of the fiber diameter was observed. Polymer crystalline phase seems to be independent of the processing conditions and a crystallinity degree of 53 % was found. Moreover, thermal degradation of the as-spun membrane occurs in single step degradation with activation energy of 91 kJ/mol. Furthermore, MC-3T3-E1 cell adhesion was not inhibited by the fiber mats preparation, indicating their potential use for biomedical applications.

Uniformity of liquid distribution in the canopy of the bean plant, using the spectrophotometric analysis

Fungal diseases are important factors limiting common bean yield. White mold is one of the main diseases caused by soil pathogens. The objective of this study was to quantify the distribution of a fungicide solution sprayed into the canopy of bean plants by spectrophotometry, using a boom sprayer with and without air assistance. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial (two types of nozzles, two application rates, and air assistance on and off) randomized block design with four replications. Air assistance influenced the deposition of solution on the bean plant and yield increased significantly with the increased rate of application and air assistance in the boom sprayer.

Report about the scope and distribution of large urban distressed areas in European cities

LUDA is a research project of Key Action 4 "City of Tomorrow & Cultural Heritage" of the programme "Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development" within the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Commission.

Nutritional status of children, inmates of a small institution for homeless children in the capital of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

Nutritional surveys (food consumption, clinical and biochemichal) were conducted in a small institution for homeless children. Results showed that only 30% of the children presented adequate calorie intake. Most of the children presented adequate protein intake, but almost half consumed less than 2/3 of the calcium RDA considered necessary. Food handling, processing, and distribution also proved inadequate and wastage, high. Skinfold measurement showed up one case of obesity. Furthermore, most of the children presented clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, mostly skin lesions; while about half presented clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency. Biochemical data showed that 63.6% had deficient plasma levels of vitamin A, none showed abnormal results for riboflavin excretion, four showed packed blood cell volume below normal, and all had normal hemoglobin levels. Stool examinations revealed a high rate of pathogenic protozoa (Hymenolepis nana), in fact, one of the highest in Brazilian literature.

Comparison of body fat content and distribution of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients versus healthy subjects

The deposition of amyloid fibers at the peripheral nervous system can induce motor neuropathy in Familial Amiloidotic Polyneuropethy (FAP) patients. This produces progressive reductions in functional capacity. The only treatment for FAP is a liver transplant, followed by aggressive medication that can affect patients' metabolism. To our knowledge, there are no data on body fat distribution or comparison between healthy and FAP subjects, which may be important for clinical assessment and management of this disease. PURPOSE: To analyze body fat content and distribution between FAP patients and healthy subjects. METHODS: Body fat content and distribution were measured through Double Energy X-ray Densitometry (DXA) in two groups. Group 1 consisted of 43 Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy patients (19 males, 32 + 8 Yrs, and 24 females, 37 + 5 yrs), who had liver transplant less than 2 months before. Group 2 consisted of 18 healthy subjects of similar age (8 males, 36 + 7 yrs, and 10 females, 39 + 5 yrs). RESULTS: Healthy subjects showed higher values than FAP patients for: BMI (24,2+2,3kg/m2 vs 22,3+3,8 kg/m2 respectively, p<0,05), % trunk BF (26,21+8,34kg vs 20,78+9,05kg respectively, p<0,05), % visceral BF (24,43+7,97% vs 19,21+9,30% respectively, p<0,05), % abdominal BF (26,63+8,51% vs 20,63+10,35% respectively, p<0,05) abdominal subcutaneous BF (0,533+0,421kg vs 0,353+0,257kg respectively, p=0,05), abdominal BF/BF ratio (0,09+0,02 vs 0,08+0,02 respectively, p<0,05) and abdominal BF/trunk BF ratio (0,19+0,03 vs 0,17+0,03 respectively, p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that FAP patients soon after liver transplantation exhibited a healthier body fat profile compared to controls. However, fat content and distribution varied widely in FAP subjects, suggesting an individualized approach for assessment and intervention rather than general guidelines. Future research is needed to investigate the long term consequences on body fat following liver transplant in this population.

Comparison of body fat content and distribution of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients versus healthy subjects

The deposition of amyloid fibers at the peripheral nervous system can induce motor neuropathy in Familial Amiloidotic Polyneuropethy (FAP) patients. This produces progressive reductions in functional capacity. The only treatment for FAP is a liver transplant, followed by aggressive medication that can affect patients' metabolism. To our knowledge, there are no data on body fat distribution or comparison between healthy and FAP subjects, which may be important for clinical assessment and management of this disease.

Equilibrium self-assembly of colloids with distinct interaction sites: Thermodynamics, percolation, and cluster distribution functions

We calculate the equilibrium thermodynamic properties, percolation threshold, and cluster distribution functions for a model of associating colloids, which consists of hard spherical particles having on their surfaces three short-ranged attractive sites (sticky spots) of two different types, A and B. The thermodynamic properties are calculated using Wertheim's perturbation theory of associating fluids. This also allows us to find the onset of self-assembly, which can be quantified by the maxima of the specific heat at constant volume. The percolation threshold is derived, under the no-loop assumption, for the correlated bond model: In all cases it is two percolated phases that become identical at a critical point, when one exists. Finally, the cluster size distributions are calculated by mapping the model onto an effective model, characterized by a-state-dependent-functionality (f) over bar and unique bonding probability (p) over bar. The mapping is based on the asymptotic limit of the cluster distributions functions of the generic model and the effective parameters are defined through the requirement that the equilibrium cluster distributions of the true and effective models have the same number-averaged and weight-averaged sizes at all densities and temperatures. We also study the model numerically in the case where BB interactions are missing. In this limit, AB bonds either provide branching between A-chains (Y-junctions) if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is small, or drive the formation of a hyperbranched polymer if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is large. We find that the theoretical predictions describe quite accurately the numerical data, especially in the region where Y-junctions are present. There is fairly good agreement between theoretical and numerical results both for the thermodynamic (number of bonds and phase coexistence) and the connectivity properties of the model (cluster size distributions and percolation locus).

Tuning the spectral distribution of p-i-n a-SiC : H devices for colour detection

ZnO:Al/p (SiC:H)/i (Si:H)/n (SiC:H) large area image and colour sensor are analysed. Carrier transport and collection efficiency are investigated from dark and illuminated current-voltage (I-V) dependence and spectral response measurements under different optical and electrical bias conditions. Results show that the carrier collection depends on the optical bias and on the applied voltage. By changing the electrical bias around the open circuit voltage it is possible to filter the absorption at a given wavelength and so to tune the spectral sensitivity of the device. Transport and optical modelling give insight into the internal physical process and explain the bias control of the spectral response and the image and colour sensing properties of the devices.