986 resultados para Risco de default


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o risco de desenvolvimento de desordens músculo-esqueléticas nos membros superiores de graduandos de Odontologia considerando as variáveis sexo, tipo de procedimento clínico executado, região da boca tratada e prática do trabalho a quatro mãos. Foram avaliados alunos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados no oitavo semestre do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP. Foram efetuadas tomadas fotográficas durante a realização de 283 procedimentos clínicos, utilizando-se máquina fotogrática digital. Para análise das fotografias, utilizou-se o programa Image Tool. As posturas de trabalho adotadas por cada estudante na sua atuação como “operador” foram observadas pelo método RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), o qual inclui o uso de um diagrama de análise de postura do indivíduo e três tabelas de escores que permitem a avaliação da exposição aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de desordens músculo-esqueléticas. As fotografias foram analisadas por um professor da área de ergonomia calibrado (_=0,91). Para cada procedimento foi atribuído um escore de risco final. Os procedimentos executados foram classificados em duas grandes categorias: procedimentos preparatórios e procedimentos restauradores/reabilitadores. Os dados de risco de desordens músculoesqueléticas nos membros superiores foram apurados, e sua prevalência foi estimada por ponto e por intervalo de confiança de 95%. O estudo da associação do risco de desordens músculo-esqueléticas às variáveis de interesse foi realizado por meio do Teste de Qui-quadrado (_ 2). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Observou-se que na maioria dos procedimentos executados o risco de desordens músculo-esqueléticas segundo a classificação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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PURPOSE: The development and application of collective pedagogical activities to assess phonological skills in pre-readers and beginning readers and could serve as potential screening tools to help in the early identification of students at risk for dyslexia. METHODS: The FAE tasks (alternative tools for educators) were built on classical phonological tasks known as sound categorization and in the Protocol for Cognitive-Linguistic Skills. FAE tasks basically consisted of matching pictures as well as pictures to spoken words according to their phonological similarity in the onset (alliteration) or rhyme and were given to 45 students on the first grade, of both genres and 7.3 years old on average. RESULTS: The protocol proved to be effective, confirming that phonological awareness, verbal working memory and rapid naming abilities constitute the main risk factors for dyslexia, and to which the FAE tasks were more strongly correlated jointly with the phonemic discrimination. FAE tasks were also strongly correlated with literacy skills. CONCLUSIONS: Students at risk for dyslexia can be efficiently identified through scientifically developed pedagogical tools, adapted and tested for the Brazilian's educational reality. This is a promising research field with the potential to help in avoiding the currently excessive number of students mistakenly labeled as having learning disabilities and improperly referred to specialized public services, as well as to indicate the more appropriate theoretical-empirical framework to guide our educational policies.

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The pipelines are characterized by the great length and linearity, these enterprises are usually associated with the horizon of soil and decomposed rock and accidents in this system usually have high complexity. So this work proposes a study of geological and geotechnical characterization of approximately 40 km ² and a study of risk analysis along 18.3 km of gas pipeline GASBOL, in the municipalities of Ipeúna-SP and Itirapina-SP, in scale 1:25.000, besides correlation between studies. The method for geological and geotechnical characterization is based on physiographic integrated analysis technique, which is supported by literature research, observation and interpretation of satellite imagery (photointerpretation), correlation of products numerical model of ground, fieldwork. The method adopted for risk classification is based on preliminary analysis of hazards (APP) technique, which is identified the geological process, this feature is classified as the susceptibility of occurrence, and then classified as the possible consequence of the process, if this evolves. As a product of the research, we designed a map in 1:25,000 scale, containing a table of geological and geotechnical characteristics of the mapped drives, as well as sectorization risk in each section of the pipeline. Were mapped geological and geotechnical seven units in the study area, delimited in excerpts of which five are classified as high risk, totaling 1.1 km in length of 18.3 km total

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The present work deals with the study on the evaluation of the human health risks caused by the leaching of hydrocarbon products from a gas station in Sumaré-SP. First, a geoenvironmental diagnosis had to be done, where information such as: history of the area, chemicals involved, geological characteristics, transport, chemical analysis, were used to make it. The geoenvironmental diagnosis was used in the software RBCA tier 2 which established the risks by all possible pathways. The results indicated that there are risks for groundwater ingestion for commercial (on site and off site) and residential receptors and 10 that there´s risk for inhalation of vapors in enclosed space for the commercial receptor on site. The evaluation also calculated the specific target levels that the area needs to show, in order not to harm human beings and the environment. That makes RBCA a great tool that can helps the remediation actions needed to be done so that the human being and the environment remain secure.

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In the last few decades, Brazil has experienced an accelerated urbanization process in which many cities have grown in a disorderly way occupying environmentally fragile areas unsuitable for habitation. Anthropogenic actions such as high levels of impermeable soil, structural changes in watercourses, lack of riparian vegetation, illegal presence of trash and rubbish along the river banks added to irregular settlements in floodplains result in the rise of high risk areas. When accompanied by intense and prolonged rainfall phenomena, those areas have been the scenery of serious accidents such as floods. This study aims to classify the level of the risk of floods in the neighborhood of Jardim Inocoop, in the town of Rio Claro, São Paulo countryside, Brazil. One of the main technical support to tackle this issue is the identification and classification of the risks. In order to classify the risk level of flood in this case study, the methodology adopted was developed by the Ministry of Cities and Technology Research Institute, and take into account the arrangement of the hydrological scenario, vulnerability of households and dangerous process according to the distance of the houses from the axis of drainage. Therefore, the risk levels adopted to classify are listed below: very high (MA), high risk (A), moderate (M) and low risk (B). In conclusion, it is imperative to develop prevention plans in order to avoid or to minimize the damages caused by natural disasters. Therefore, the zoning of the risk sceneries remains as an important issue once it helps to identify the areas with high level risk of flood. Consequently, the occupation must be regulated where there is low or absent risk and it must be often forbidden where the high risk of flood is detected. Thus, the present study remains as an attempt to notify the risk of floods through its spatialization on a map, remainig...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Some characteristics and behaviors, that are of young, as a tendency to rebel and take risks, deviating from the rules of society, makes it vulnerable to many detrimental aspects, such as may indiscriminate use of alcohol and drugs, practicing unsafe sex and having multiple partners, which cause, among another complications, sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydial infection, is one of the most recurrent STD of the world. Several risk factors are already defined for Chlamydial infection, among them, age under 25 years old and sexual behavior of the risk. The objective was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia infection cervicitis in adolescent females of the Botucatu, São Paulo, and risk factors associated with this infection. It is cross-sectional study, of the populational basis, performed together the nineteen basic health units of the Botucatu, São Paulo. The data were obtained through clinical interviews and gynecological examination on samples collected for laboratory analysis. The research of C. trachomatis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This report presents preliminary data, which represent 19% of the sample checked. Were interviewed 37 adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (between 15th and 19th years old), average of years studied of the 8,19, 40% of the families lived on less than a minimum wage by person and 24,3% dosen’t has ownership of the house where they live. Mean age of first sexual intercourse of 14 years (between 12th and 16th years old), 24,3% regularly used condoms, 5,4% had a premature birth and 8,1% reported abortion. 75,7% had any complaints in the gynecological exam, pain in lower abdomen, the most prevalent. The prevalence of vulvovaginitis or vaginal flora altered was 54,1%. The prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis was 58%. Presence content was associated infection chlamydial and age... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Estudar chamados de alarme permite inferir sobre a percepção de risco de predação. A percepção de risco de predação por um primata pode ser afetada por diversos fatores, como o ambiente em que ele está e o horário do dia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar se há relação entre a atividade dos predadores em potencial do macaco-prego e a frequência de vocalizações de alarme de um grupo do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. Os dados usados foram coletados nos anos de 2007 e 2009, as vocalizações anotadas como “ad libitum”. O teste qui-quadrado revelou diferenças significativas entre os três períodos do dia em 2007, sugerindo uma maior percepção de risco em horários de atividade dos predadores aéreos. O teste não revelou diferenças significativas para o ano de 2009. A temperatura ou a estação do ano em que as aves se encontravam durante a observação pode ter provocado essa diferença de resultados. Comportamentos de forragear em lugares menos expostos, vigilância e coesão de grupo podem ser analisados para uma melhor compreensão da percepção de risco por predadores aéreos

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Introdução: As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DANTS) são um grupo de enfermidades cujo processo de instalação no organismo geralmente se inicia com alterações, a prevenção dessas afecções tem sido um grande desafio para a saúde pública. As principais DANTS são: câncer, doenças do coração (angina e infarto do miocárdio), doenças do pulmão (como enfisema, bronquite e asma), doenças da circulação como acidente vascular cerebral e hipertensão arterial, doenças metabólicas como diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, a obesidade, relacionadas com condições de vida (como o estresse, depressão e ansiedade). Existem inúmeros Fatores de Risco (FR) relacionados a estes tipos de doenças, cuja remoção, ou atenuação, pode contribuir para o declínio da mortalidade.Objetivo: Associar comportamentos e conhecimentos de FR para doenças e agravos não transmissíveis de mulheres praticantes de AF através do projeto Saúde Ativa Rio Claro, este visa desenvolver e difundir práticas de intervenção cientificamente orientadas que incorporem a AF como parte integrante de um hábito de vida saudável para todas as pessoas. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 100 mulheres, com idade média de 57,7((± 13,1), foram aplicados dois questionários, sendo o primeiro sobre conhecimento de FR para DANTS e o segundo avaliou comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida: nível de AF, consumo de álcool, dieta, taxa de colesterol, nível de estresse, tabagismo.Resultados e Discussão: Não houve associação entre conhecimento e comportamento, o conhecimento isoladamente não foi suficiente para promover modificações no comportamento das pessoas. A analise estatística utilizada foi o Qui Quadrado (x²) de 1 grau de liberdade e com nível de significância de p= 0,05. Conclusão: Um grupo de pessoas pode conhecer os benefícios de um comportamento e não ter tempo ou recursos suficientes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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A Geografia da Saúde é um eixo temático dentro da ciência geográfica preocupada com as questões pertinentes à saúde ambiental e a saúde do coletivo. As contribuições dos geógrafos para o estudo da Saúde tem sido de grande valia, indo para além da análise espacial das práticas em saúde como também investigando e analisando os fatores determinantes ao risco a saúde e, inversamente, ao bem estar-estar do social e ambiental. Dentro deste contexto, esta monografia se propõe a uma investigação confirmatória a cerca de uma contaminação ao meio ambiente por metais pesados, neste caso, a contaminação por chumbo por uma extinta fábrica de lingotes de chumbo situada no município de Caçapava, SP. O chumbo é um metal que não possui função fisiológica conhecida ao corpo humano. Devido a características físicas e químicas favoráveis, esse metal foi largamente explorado pelo setor industrial e hoje, no mundo todo, temos exemplos de casos de contaminação tanto da população e do ambientel, por ser altamente tóxico. Caçapava possui mais um infeliz exemplo de contaminação ambiental por metais pesados, decorrente de uma fábrica que produzia o chumbo secundário e que atualmente está fechada por ordem judicial, abandonada e com toneladas de escória de chumbo armazenada de modo irregular, fato que está colaborando para uma contaminação residual naquele ambiente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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This paper deals with a case study of assessing risk to human health, with the study area of an industrial site in the city of Paulinia (SP) contaminated by oil, which is disturbing situation that occurs in the state of Sao Paulo, which represents risks for human health, as toxic and carcinogenic potential of petroleum products. As an essential foundation for risk assessment, a Geo-environmental diagnosis of the region was made, posing as historical information of the area and accidents, regional geology and hydrogeology, characterization of contaminants and affected media, contaminant transport and data on potential receptors and pathways. Because of the detection of contaminants above the intervention values CETESB (2005) it was possible to proceeded to quantify risks to human health and the determination of maximum acceptable concentrations for no damage to health, using the methodology and software RBCA Tier 2 (ASTM , 1998) and Spreadsheet Risk Assessment recently published by CETESB. The results showed the risk to the health of industrial workers and regular employees of civil works (both on site) for ingestion of groundwater and inhalation of vapors indoors.

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Currently the mobile services represent an essential tool in daily life of the population. However, while offering greater convenience to its users, there is growing concern about the harmful effects to human health, derived from daily exposure of the public to electromagnetic fields from radio base stations (RBS), since even today, there is no study proving that longterm exposure to low-level fields are not harmful to health. In Presidente Prudente has not been a study reporting values of measurements of electromagnetic fields from base stations installed in the city. Based on these data, this study aimed to assess the levels of electromagnetic exposure in the city of Presidente Prudente regarding recommended by international bodies, as well as propose measures that can reduce public exposure to electromagnetic fields. For measuring values of electromagnetic fields, we used appliance Electromagnetic Field Meter Portable Digital - DRE-050, the Instrutherm, following the methodology suggested and adapted from the Adilza Condessa Dode’study. In total, 49 points were mapped corresponding to the areas at risk of exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by the substations of power grid, transmission towers and telecommunication towers located in the city of Presidente Prudente (SP)